Insights into the Coral Microbiome: Underpinning the Health and Resilience of Reef Ecosystems

Annual Review of Microbiology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 70(1), С. 317 - 340

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2016

Corals are fundamental ecosystem engineers, creating large, intricate reefs that support diverse and abundant marine life. At the core of a healthy coral animal is dynamic relationship with microorganisms, including mutually beneficial symbiosis photosynthetic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) enduring partnerships an array bacterial, archaeal, fungal, protistan, viral associates, collectively termed holobiont. The combined genomes this holobiont form hologenome, genomic interactions within hologenome ultimately define phenotype. Here we integrate contemporary scientific knowledge regarding ecological, host-specific, environmental forces shaping diversity, specificity, distribution microbial symbionts holobiont, explore physiological pathways contribute to fitness, describe potential mechanisms for homeostasis. Understanding role microbiome in resilience, acclimation, adaptation new frontier reef science will require large-scale collaborative research efforts.

Язык: Английский

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The sponge holobiont in a changing ocean: from microbes to ecosystems

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Март 9, 2018

The recognition that all macroorganisms live in symbiotic association with microbial communities has opened up a new field biology. Animals, plants, and algae are now considered holobionts, complex ecosystems consisting of the host, microbiota, interactions among them. Accordingly, ecological concepts can be applied to understand host-derived processes govern dynamics interactive networks within holobiont. In marine systems, holobionts further integrated into larger more ecosystems, concept referred as "nested ecosystems." this review, we discuss dynamic interact at multiple scales respond environmental change. We focus on symbiosis sponges their communities—a resulted one most diverse environment. recent years, sponge microbiology remarkably advanced terms curated databases, standardized protocols, information functions microbiota. Like Russian doll, these translated holobiont impact surrounding ecosystem. For example, sponge-associated metabolisms, fueled by high filtering capacity substantially affect biogeochemical cycling key nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous. Since increasingly threatened anthropogenic stressors jeopardize stability ecosystem, link between perturbations, dysbiosis, diseases. Experimental studies suggest community composition is tightly linked health, but whether dysbiosis cause or consequence collapse remains unresolved. Moreover, potential role microbiome mediating for acclimate adapt change unknown. Future should aim identify mechanisms underlying scales, from develop management strategies preserve provided our present future oceans.

Язык: Английский

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An extensive reef system at the Amazon River mouth

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 2(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2016

A novel Amazonian reef biome was discovered, encompassing large rhodolith and sponge beds under low light, oxygen, high POC.

Язык: Английский

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Natural volcanic CO2 seeps reveal future trajectories for host–microbial associations in corals and sponges

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 9(4), С. 894 - 908

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2014

Abstract Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are rapidly rising causing an increase in the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) ocean and a reduction pH known as acidification (OA). Natural volcanic seeps Papua New Guinea expel 99% pure thereby offer unique opportunity to explore effects OA situ. The corals Acropora millepora Porites cylindrica were less abundant hosted significantly different microbial communities at seep than nearby control sites <500 m away. A primary driver differences A. was 50% symbiotic Endozoicomonas. This loss taxa from highlights potential hurdle for overcome if they adapt survive OA. In contrast, two sponges Coelocarteria singaporensis Cinachyra sp. ∼40-fold more higher relative abundance Synechococcus sites. photosynthetic microbes potentially provides these species with nutritional benefit enhanced scope growth under future climate scenarios (thus, flexibility symbiosis may lead larger niche breadth). community apparently pCO2-sensitive sponge S. massa not between These data show that responses elevated pCO2 species-specific stability partnerships have important role shaping contributing fitness success some hosts.

Язык: Английский

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Observed and Projected Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Fisheries, Aquaculture, Coastal Tourism, and Human Health: An Update

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 3

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2016

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) states that climate change and ocean acidification are altering the oceans at a rate is unprecedented compared with recent past, leading to multifaceted impacts marine ecosystems, associated goods services, human societies. AR5 underlined key uncertainties remain regarding how synergistic changes in likely affect systems, humans respond these events. As research has accelerated rapidly following AR5, an updated synthesis of available knowledge necessary identify emerging evidence, thereby better inform policy discussions. This paper reviews literature capture corroborating, conflicting, novel findings published cut-off date for contribution AR5. Specifically, we highlight scientific developments climate-induced socioeconomic sectors, including fisheries, aquaculture tourism. New evidence continues support redistribution benefits losses multiple scales across coastal socio-ecological partly resulting from species ecosystem range shifts primary productivity. efforts have been made characterize value services context change, specific relevance ecosystem-based adaptation. Recent studies also explored interactions between climatic drivers, found strong variability different life stages. Although may improve conditions some types freshwater aquaculture, potentially providing alternative opportunities adapt wild poses risk shellfish fisheries aquaculture. increased prevalence disease under warmer temperatures uncertain, detrimentally health. induce tourism flows, substantial geospatial economic costs revenue infrastructure protection repairs. While promising, adaptation approaches still emerging, require improved understanding values communities order assess risk, aid development planning, build decision systems.

Язык: Английский

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Climate change and marine turtles: recent advances and future directions

Endangered Species Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 44, С. 363 - 395

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2021

Climate change is a threat to marine turtles that expected affect all of their life stages. To guide future research, we conducted review the most recent literature on this topic, highlighting knowledge gains and research gaps since similar previous in 2009. Most has been focussed terrestrial history phase, where impacts will range from habitat loss decreased reproductive success feminization populations, but changes periodicity, shifts latitudinal ranges, foraging are phase. Models have proposed improve estimates primary sex ratios, while technological advances promise better understanding how climate can influence different stages habitats. We suggest number priorities for an improved may impact turtles, including: assessments implications female-biased ratios reduced male production, variability upper thermal limits clutches, models beach sediment movement under sea level rise, grounds. Lastly, it not yet possible recommend manipulating aspects turtle nesting ecology, as evidence base with which understand results such interventions robust enough, strategies mitigation stressors should be helpful, providing they consider synergistic effects other anthropogenic-induced threats focus increasing resilience.

Язык: Английский

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Three decades of ocean warming impacts on marine ecosystems: A review and perspective

Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 212, С. 105318 - 105318

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2023

Ocean warming, primarily resulting from the escalating levels of greenhouse gases in atmosphere, leads to a rise temperature Earth's oceans. These act as heat-trapping agents, contributing overall phenomenon global warming. In order gain comprehensive understanding how ocean warming impacts marine ecosystems, thorough literature review was conducted over span three decades, involving 2484 initial publications. The systematic screening facilitated by utilizing Abstrackr's web-based application efficiently select relevant abstracts, final list 797 publications aligned with study's objectives. Since advent industrial revolution, gas emissions have witnessed an exponential surge, leading cumulative increase atmospheric temperatures at average rate 0.08 °C (0.14 °F) per decade since 1880. Over past 50 years, has emerged primary heat reservoir, absorbing and distributing majority more than 90% occurring within its waters. Between 1950 2020, sea surface (SST) increased 0.11 (0.19 °F). consequences extend significantly environment climate. It induces expansion ocean, alters stratification currents, diminishes oxygen availability, elevates levels, intensifies hurricanes storms. also affects species' physiology, abundance, distribution, trophic interactions, survival, mortality can cause stress for human societies that depend on impacted resources. is projected 2 4 4–8 times under climate scenarios Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 1–2.6 5–8.5, respectively, additional 0.6–2.0 added end century. We summarize detailed negative or positive responses taxonomic groups. provide critical information help stakeholders, scientists, managers, decision-makers mitigate adapt while improving biodiversity conservation sustainability ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Coral reef restoration can reduce coastal contamination and pollution hazards

Communications Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Biology in the Anthropocene: Challenges and insights from young fossil records

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 112(16), С. 4922 - 4929

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2015

With overwhelming evidence of change in habitats, biologists today must assume that few, if any, study areas are natural and biological variability is superimposed on trends rather than stationary means. Paleobiological data from the youngest sedimentary record, including death assemblages actively accumulating modern land surfaces seabeds, provide unique information status present-day species, communities, biomes over last few decades to millennia their responses anthropogenic environmental change. Key advances have established accuracy resolving power paleobiological derived naturally preserved remains proxy for conditions sample age so fossil can both implicate exonerate human stressors as drivers biotic permit effects multiple be disentangled. Legacy Industrial even pre-Industrial extirpations, introductions, (de)nutrification, habitat conversion commonly emerge primary factors underlying populations communities; within 2 million years, climate has rarely been sufficient drive major extinction pulses absent other pressures, which now manifold. Young records also rigorous access baseline composition dynamics modern-day biota under conditions, where insights include millennial-scale persistence community structures, dominant role physical interactions determining disassembly, existence alternating states.

Язык: Английский

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Differential recycling of coral and algal dissolved organic matter via the sponge loop

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 31(3), С. 778 - 789

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2016

Summary Corals and macroalgae release large quantities of dissolved organic matter ( DOM ), one the largest sources produced on coral reefs. By rapidly taking up transforming it into particulate detritus, reef sponges are proposed to play a key role in transferring energy nutrients higher trophic levels via recently discovered sponge loop. released by corals algae differs quality composition, but influence these different recycling loop has not been investigated. Here, we used stable isotope pulse‐chase experiments compare processing naturally sourced coral‐ algal‐derived three Red Sea species: Chondrilla sacciformis , Hemimycale arabica Mycale fistulifera . Incubation were conducted trace 13 C‐ 15 N‐enriched tissue detritus. Incorporation C specific phospholipid‐derived fatty acids PLFA s) was differentiate assimilation within holobiont (i.e. host vs. its associated bacteria). All assimilated both incorporation rates significantly for The two also processed differently holobiont. Algal‐derived incorporated bacteria‐specific s at rate while coral‐derived more readily sponge‐specific s. A substantial fraction carbon (C) nitrogen (N) subsequently converted as detritus (15–24% 27–49% N). However, rate. uptake transformation algal‐ compared with suggest that community phase shifts from algal dominance may stimulate cycling through potential consequences biogeochemical cycles food webs.

Язык: Английский

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