Contrasting pathways of carbon sequestration in paddy and upland soils

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(11), С. 2478 - 2490

Опубликована: Март 13, 2021

Paddy soils make up the largest anthropogenic wetlands on earth, and are characterized by a prominent potential for organic carbon (C) sequestration. By quantifying plant- microbial-derived C in across four climate zones, we identified that accrual is achieved via contrasting pathways paddy upland soils. Paddies 39%-127% more efficient soil (SOC) sequestration than their adjacent counterparts, with greater differences warmer cooler climates. Upland replenished C, whereas enriched proportion of plant-derived because retarded microbial decomposition under anaerobic conditions induced flooding paddies. Under both land-use types, maximal contribution plant residues to SOC at intermediate mean annual temperature (15-20°C), neutral (pH~7.3), low clay/sand ratio. contrast, high (~24°C), pH (~5), large ratio favorable strengthening necromass. The necromass waterlogged paddies climates likely due fast anabolism from bacteria, fungi unlikely be involved as they aerobic. In scenario conversion upland, total 504 Tg may lost CO

Язык: Английский

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From energy to (soil organic) matter

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(7), С. 2169 - 2182

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2022

In this concept paper, we propose a new view on soil organic matter (SOM) formation: microorganisms use most of the organics entering as energy rather than source carbon (C), while SOM accumulates residual by-product because microbial investment in its decomposition exceeds gain. During initial stages decomposition, nominal oxidation state C (NOSC) remaining litter decreases, and content increases. This reflects rapid mineralization available compounds with positive neutral NOSC (carboxylic acids, sugars, some amino acids). Consequently, drops to -0.3 units, rate decreases due relative accumulation aromatic aliphatic (which are hydrolized later) entombment necromass. Ultimately, incompletely decomposed plant residues will have 1%-2.5% more per unit litter. The linear decrease density broad range substances by 106 kJ mol-1 upon is supported experimental data decomposition. Preferential recycling energy-rich reduced (lipids, aromatics, certain sugars) degradation oxidized acids) also energetically enrich SOM. Despite high content, availability stored lower explains why not fully mineralized (thermodynamically unfavorable), especially absence provide (e.g., bare soil). Energy from activates decomposers mine nutrients (the main ecological function priming effects) nutrient 2-5 times higher that results only 0.4%-5% year-1 litter-derived being sequestered SOM, whereas stores 1%-10% total energy. Thus, captured photosynthesis reason utilize matter, whereby merely storage mediator fluxes.

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling the crucial role of soil microorganisms in carbon cycling: A review

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 909, С. 168627 - 168627

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Plant phosphorus-acquisition and -use strategies affect soil carbon cycling

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 36(10), С. 899 - 906

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Tradeoffs among microbial life history strategies influence the fate of microbial residues in subtropical forest soils

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 153, С. 108112 - 108112

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Regenerative Agriculture—A Literature Review on the Practices and Mechanisms Used to Improve Soil Health

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(3), С. 2338 - 2338

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2023

Conventional farming practices can lead to soil degradation and a decline in productivity. Regenerative agriculture (RA) is purported by advocates as solution these issues that focuses on health carbon sequestration. The fundamental principles of RA are keep the covered, minimise disturbance, preserve living roots year round, increase species diversity, integrate livestock, limit or eliminate use synthetic compounds (such herbicides fertilisers). overall objectives rejuvenate land provide environmental, economic, social benefits wider community. Despite RA, vast majority growers reluctant adopt due lack empirical evidence claimed profitability. We examined reported mechanisms associated with against available scientific data. literature suggests agricultural such minimum tillage, residue retention, cover cropping improve carbon, crop yield, certain climatic zones types. Excessive chemicals biodiversity loss ecosystem degradation. Combining livestock agroforestry same landscape several co-benefits. However, vary among different agroecosystems may not necessarily be applicable across multiple agroecological regions. Our recommendation implement rigorous long-term system trials compare conventional order build knowledge regional scales. This will policy-makers an base from which make informed decisions about adopting realise their economic achieve resilience climate change.

Язык: Английский

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Increasing contribution of microbial residues to soil organic carbon in grassland restoration chronosequence

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 170, С. 108688 - 108688

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Depth‐dependent drivers of soil microbial necromass carbon across Tibetan alpine grasslands

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 28(3), С. 936 - 949

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2021

Microbial necromass carbon (C) has been considered an important contributor to persistent soil C pool. However, there still lacks large-scale systematic observations on microbial in different layers, particularly for alpine ecosystems. Besides, it is unclear whether the relative importance of biotic and abiotic variables such as plant input mineral properties regulating would change with depth. Based combination sampling along a ~2200 km transect across Tibetan grasslands biomarker analysis, together global data synthesis grassland ecosystems, we observed relatively low proportion microbial-derived compared (topsoil: 45.4% vs. 58.1%; subsoil: 41.7% 53.7%). We also found that major determinants depended In topsoil, both protection exerted dominant effects C. subsoil, physico-chemical provided by clay particles, iron-aluminum oxides, exchangeable calcium dominantly facilitated preservation The differential drivers over between depths should be Earth system models accurately forecasting dynamics its potential feedback warming.

Язык: Английский

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Microbial Necromass in Soils—Linking Microbes to Soil Processes and Carbon Turnover

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2021

The organic matter of living plants is the precursor material stored in terrestrial soil ecosystems. Although a great deal knowledge exists on carbon turnover processes plant material, some (SOM) formation, particular from microbial necromass, are still not fully understood. Recent research showed that larger part original converted into biomass, while remaining modified by extracellular enzymes microbes. At end its life, biomass contributes to molecular imprint SOM as necromass with specific properties. Next appropriate environmental conditions, heterotrophic microorganisms require energy-containing substrates C, H, O, N, S, P, and many other elements for growth, which provided nutrients contained SOM. As easily degradable often scarce resources soil, we can hypothesize microbes optimize their energy use. Presumably, able mobilize building blocks (mono oligomers fatty acids, amino sugars, nucleotides) stoichiometry This contrast mobilizing only consuming new synthesis primary metabolites tricarboxylic acid cycle after complete degradation substrates. Microbial thus an important resource SOM, mining could be life strategy contributing priming effects providing growth cycles. Due needs microorganisms, conclude formation through depends flux. However, details variability use decay cycles yet understood linked fields science. Here, summarize current gain, use, decay, relevant processes, e. g. pump, C storage, stabilization. We highlight factors controlling contribution implications efficiency (CUE) identify process-based modelling understanding these various types under different climates.

Язык: Английский

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Persistent soil carbon enhanced in Mollisols by well-managed grasslands but not annual grain or dairy forage cropping systems

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 119(7)

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2022

Intensive crop production on grassland-derived Mollisols has liberated massive amounts of carbon (C) to the atmosphere. Whether minimizing soil disturbance, diversifying rotations, or re-establishing perennial grasslands and integrating livestock can slow reverse this trend remains highly uncertain. We investigated how these management practices affected organic (SOC) accrual distribution between particulate (POM) mineral-associated (MAOM) matter in a 29-y-old field experiment North Central United States assessed microbial traits were related changes. Compared conventional continuous maize monocropping with annual tillage, systems reduced diversified rotations cover crops legumes, manure addition did not increase total SOC storage MAOM-C, whereas pastures managed rotational grazing accumulated more MAOM-C (18 29% higher) than all cropping after 29 y management. These results align meta-analysis data from published studies comparing efficacy health worldwide. Incorporating legumes into enhanced POM-C, biomass, C-use efficiency but significantly necromass accumulation, storage. Diverse, rotationally grazed pasture potential persistent C Mollisols, highlighting key role well-managed climate-smart agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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