Scientists' warning on climate change and insects

Ecological Monographs, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 93(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2022

Abstract Climate warming is considered to be among the most serious of anthropogenic stresses environment, because it not only has direct effects on biodiversity, but also exacerbates harmful other human‐mediated threats. The associated consequences are potentially severe, particularly in terms threats species preservation, as well preservation an array ecosystem services provided by biodiversity. Among affected groups animals insects—central components many ecosystems—for which climate change pervasive from individuals communities. In this contribution scientists' warning series, we summarize effect gradual global surface temperature increase insects, physiology, behavior, phenology, distribution, and interactions, increased frequency duration extreme events such hot cold spells, fires, droughts, floods these parameters. We warn that, if no action taken better understand reduce will drastically our ability build a sustainable future based healthy, functional ecosystems. discuss perspectives relevant ways conserve insects face change, offer several key recommendations management approaches that can adopted, policies should pursued, involvement general public protection effort.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of water temperature on freshwater macroinvertebrates: a systematic review

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 98(1), С. 191 - 221

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2022

ABSTRACT Water temperature is one of the main abiotic factors affecting structure and functioning aquatic ecosystems its alteration can have important effects on biological communities. Macroinvertebrates are excellent bio‐indicators been used for decades to assess status as a result environmental stresses; however, their responses poorly documented not systematically evaluated. The aims this review are: ( i ) collate summarize freshwater macroinvertebrates different conditions, comparing results experimental theoretical studies; ii understand how focus research has changed during last 51 years; iii identify gaps regarding responses, ecosystem types, organism groups, spatiotemporal scales, geographical regions suggest possible directions. We performed comparative assessment 223 publications that specifically consider address temperature. Short‐term studies in laboratory focusing insects exposed range temperatures dominated. Field were carried out mainly Europe, at catchment scale almost exclusively rivers; they investigated water thermal regime community scale. most frequent tested growth rate, fecundity time length emergence, whereas ecological involved composition, richness, distribution. Thermal undergone shift since 2000s when involving extended scales investigating global warming first appeared. In addition, recent considered genetic evolutionary scales. Our revealed manifold with implications levels, from genes However, community‐level physiological, phenological fitness individuals or populations should be studied more detail given macroecological likely enhanced by climate warming. field regional air proxy temperature; obtaining accurate data future will allow proper consideration spatial heterogeneity bodies any macroinvertebrate distribution patterns. Finally, we found an uneven number across geographic areas, lentic outside West underrepresented. It also crucial include high‐altitude tropical areas work because these groups vulnerable multiple reasons. Further temperature–macroinvertebrate relationships needed fill current facilitate appropriate conservation strategies anthropogenic‐driven era.

Язык: Английский

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Glacier retreat reorganizes river habitats leaving refugia for Alpine invertebrate biodiversity poorly protected

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(6), С. 841 - 851

Опубликована: Май 4, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Hydrological, thermal and chemical influence of an intact rock glacier discharge on mountain stream water

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 876, С. 162777 - 162777

Опубликована: Март 10, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Surface heat fluxes at coarse blocky Murtèl rock glacier (Engadine, eastern Swiss Alps)

˜The œcryosphere, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(4), С. 2103 - 2139

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2024

Abstract. We estimate the surface energy balance (SEB) of Murtèl rock glacier, a seasonally snow-covered permafrost landform with ventilated coarse blocky active layer (AL) located in eastern Swiss Alps. focus on parameterisation turbulent heat fluxes. Seasonally contrasting atmospheric conditions occur cirque, downslope katabatic jets winter and strongly unstable atmosphere over heated summer. use novel comprehensive sensor array both above ground AL to track rapid coupling by convective moisture fluxes between atmosphere, snow cover, for time period September 2020–September 2022. The situ includes sonic anemometer eddy-covariance flux above-ground sub-surface long-wave radiation measurements natural cavity blocks. During thaw seasons, suggest an efficient (∼ 90 %) export available net sensible latent fluxes, thereby limiting melting ice. Turbulent drawn from permeable contributes well-known insulating effect partly explains climate resiliency glaciers. This self-cooling capacity is counteracted early melt-out date, exposing low-albedo intense June–July insolation causing reduced evaporative cooling due exacerbated scarcity near-surface during dry spells. With change, earlier snowmelt increased frequency, duration, intensity waves droughts are projected. Regarding we estimated year-round using modified Louis (1979) scheme. monthly SEB closed within 20 W m−2 except months under drainage winds winter. Detected nocturnal ventilation processes, although potentially important mechanism, our uncertainty because nighttime wind speeds low. Wintertime needed be scaled close SEB, which hints at limits parameterisations based Monin–Obukhov similarity theory complex mountain terrain winds. present work process understanding sensitivity landforms.

Язык: Английский

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Contrasting physical and chemical conditions of two rock glacier springs

Hydrological Processes, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 35(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2021

Abstract Rock glaciers are increasingly influencing the hydrology and water chemistry of Alpine catchments. During three consecutive summers (2017–2019), we monitored by recording probes fortnightly/monthly field campaigns physical chemical conditions two rock glacier springs (ZRG, SRG) in Zay Solda/Sulden catchments (Eastern Italian Alps). The have contrasting hydrological with ZRG emerging evident ponding (pond‐like), SRG being a typical high‐elevation seep (stream‐like). Water temperature was constantly low (mean 1.2°C, standard deviation 0.1°C) at both springs. Concentrations major ions (dominated SO 4 2− , HCO 3 − Ca 2+ Mg ) trace elements (As, Sr, Ba, U, Rb) increased, became more enriched heavy stable isotopes (δ 18 O, δ 2 H) towards autumn. This solute isotopic enrichment had an asymptotic trend SRG, unimodal pattern ZRG, where peaks occurred 60–80 days after snowmelt end. Wavelet analysis electrical conductivity (EC) records revealed daily cycles only significant weekly/biweekly fluctuations attributable to oscillations meteorological conditions. Several rainfall events triggered transient (0.5–2 h) EC drop (of 5–240 μS cm −1 rise 0.2–1.4°C) (dilution warming), whereas intense occasionally increased (by 15–85 (solute thermal buffering), long‐lasting effect (6–48 h). Building on previous research, suggest that differing flow conditions, is, stream‐like pond‐like, parameters different timescales. Thus, for pond‐like springs, EC/solute concentrations might indicate seasonal window permafrost thaw. Our quantitative description hydrochemical seasonality outflows response precipitation provides relevant information management mountain areas under climate change.

Язык: Английский

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Geodiversity of proglacial areas and implications for geosystem services: A review

Geomorphology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 421, С. 108517 - 108517

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Rock Glacier Movement and Debris Transport Over Annual to Multi‐Millennial Timescales

Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 129(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract Rock glaciers are common in alpine landscapes, but their evolution over time and significance as agents of debris transport not well‐understood. Here, we assess the movement an ice‐cemented rock glacier a range timescales using GPS surveying, satellite‐based radar, cosmogenic 10 Be surface‐exposure dating. InSAR measurements indicate that moved at average rate ∼10 cm yr −1 recent years. Sampled boulders on have ages from 1.2 to ka, indicating they been exposed since beginning Holocene. Exposure increase linearly with distance downslope, suggesting slower long‐term mean surface velocity 3 ± 0.3 . Our findings suggest behavior this may be dominated by episodes dormancy punctuated intervals relatively rapid both short long timescales. also show volume corresponds m material stripped headwall during These first constrain North American glacier, together satellite radar measurements, reveal effective geomorphic dynamic multi‐millennial histories.

Язык: Английский

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Vanishing permanent glaciers: climate change is threatening a European Union habitat (Code 8340) and its poorly known biodiversity

Biodiversity and Conservation, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 30(7), С. 2267 - 2276

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2021

Язык: Английский

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The need for stewardship of lands exposed by deglaciation from climate change

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(2)

Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2021

Abstract Alpine glaciers worldwide will lose most of their volume by the end 21st century, placing alpine ecosystems and human populations at risk. The new lands that emerge from retreating provide a host challenges for ecological adaptation to climate change. In these novel proglacial landscapes, succession natural hazards interplay with local agriculture, hydroelectric production, mining activities, tourism. Research has emphasized importance understanding around socio‐environmental systems, but regional global management efforts support initiatives connect landscapes ecological, social, cultural conservation opportunities are rare nascent. characteristics emerging reflect nexus socio‐political histories. Often overlooked in glacial‐influenced systems interdependencies, feedbacks, tradeoffs between biophysical populations. There is no coordinated strategy manage anticipate shifting dynamics, while affirming practices contexts. an opportunity initiate conversation co‐create governance structure develop framework suitable Anthropocene era. This article first synthesizes rapid changes occurring landscapes. Second, we consider need integrating “bottom‐up” “top‐down” approaches sustainable Finally, propose establishing transdisciplinary initiative policy‐related goals further dialogues We call increased cooperation actors, sectors, regions, favoring multiscale integrated approaches. categorized under: Climate, Ecology, Conservation > Strategies

Язык: Английский

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