Risk of autoimmune diseases in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study

EClinicalMedicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 56, С. 101783 - 101783

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticles and its impact on the efficacy of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 55(10), С. 2085 - 2096

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2023

Abstract Several studies have utilized a lipid nanoparticle delivery system to enhance the effectiveness of mRNA therapeutics and vaccines. However, these nanoparticles are recognized as foreign materials by body stimulate innate immunity, which in turn impacts adaptive immunity. Therefore, it is crucial understand specific type immune response triggered nanoparticles. This article provides an overview immunological body, explores how activate system, examines adverse effects immunogenicity-related development pathways associated with Finally, we highlight explore strategies for regulating immunogenicity

Язык: Английский

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Autoimmune post-COVID vaccine syndromes: does the spectrum of autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome expand?

Clinical Rheumatology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 41(5), С. 1603 - 1609

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and Hyper-Inflammation as Major Drivers of Severe COVID-19 and Long COVID: Implications for the Benefit of High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2022

Oxidative stress is a pivotal point in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and presumably also Long-COVID. Inflammation oxidative are mutually reinforcing each other, thus contributing to systemic hyperinflammatory state coagulopathy which cardinal pathological mechanisms severe stages. patients, like other critically ill patients e.g. with pneumonia, very often show deficiency antioxidant vitamin C. So far, it has not been investigated how long this lasts or whether COVID symptoms suffer from deficiencies. A C deficit serious consequences because one most effective antioxidants, but co-factor many enzymatic processes that affect immune nervous system, blood circulation energy metabolism. Because its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, endothelial-restoring, immunomodulatory effects supportive intravenous (iv) use supraphysiological doses so far 12 controlled observational studies altogether 1578 inpatients COVID-19. In these an improved oxygenation, decrease inflammatory markers faster recovery were observed. addition, early treatment iv high dose seems reduce risks courses disease such as pneumonia mortality. Persistent inflammation, thrombosis dysregulated response (auto-immune phenomena and/or persistent viral load) seem be major contributors inflammation involved development progression fatigue neuro-psychiatric various diseases by disrupting tissue (e.g. autoantibodies), flow thrombosis) neurotransmitter metabolism excitotoxicity). oncological diseases, infections autoimmune associated fatigue, cognitive disorders, pain depression similar Long-COVID, was shown significantly relieve symptoms. Supportive acute might therefore risk

Язык: Английский

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Risk of autoimmune diseases following COVID-19 and the potential protective effect from vaccination: a population-based cohort study

EClinicalMedicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 63, С. 102154 - 102154

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2023

Case reports suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to immune dysregulation and trigger autoimmunity while COVID-19 vaccination is effective against severe outcomes. We aim examine the association between development of autoimmune diseases (ADs), potential protective effect on such an association.A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Hong Kong 1 April 2020 15 November 2022. confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen test. Cox proportional hazard regression with inverse probability treatment weighting applied estimate risk incident ADs following COVID-19. vaccinated population compared unvaccinated new ADs.The included 1,028,721 3,168,467 non-COVID individuals. Compared controls, patients presented increased developing pernicious anaemia [adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR): 1.72; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.12-2.64]; spondyloarthritis [aHR: 1.32 (95% CI: 1.03-1.69)]; rheumatoid arthritis 1.29 1.09-1.54)]; other 1.43 1.33-1.54)]; psoriasis 1.42 1.13-1.78)]; pemphigoid 2.39 1.83-3.11)]; Graves' disease 1.30 1.10-1.54)]; anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome 2.12 1.47-3.05)]; mediated thrombocytopenia 2.1 1.82-2.43)]; multiple sclerosis 2.66 1.17-6.05)]; vasculitis 1.46 1.04-2.04)]. Among patients, completion two doses vaccine shows a decreased pemphigoid, disease, syndrome, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, systemic lupus erythematosus arthritis.Our findings suggested associated various be attenuated vaccination. Future studies investigating pathology mechanisms would valuable interpreting our findings.Supported RGC Collaborative Research Fund (C7154-20GF).

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences

Pathology - Research and Practice, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 246, С. 154497 - 154497

Опубликована: Май 3, 2023

Worldwide there have been over 760 million confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, and 13 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses administered as of April 2023, according to the World Health Organization. An infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead an disease, i.e. COVID-19, but also a post-acute (PACS, "long COVID"). Currently, side effects vaccines are increasingly being noted studied. Here, we summarise currently available indications discuss our conclusions that (i) these specific similarities differences PACS, (ii) new term should be used refer (post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome, PCVS, colloquially "post-COVIDvac-syndrome"), (iii) is need distinguish between (ACVS) (PACVS) - in analogy PACS ("long Moreover, address mixed forms caused by natural SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We explain why it important for medical diagnosis, care research use terms (PCVS, ACVS PACVS) order avoid confusion misinterpretation underlying causes enable optimal therapy. do not recommend "Post-Vac-Syndrome" imprecise. The article serves current problem "medical gaslighting" relation PCVS raising awareness among professionals supplying appropriate terminology disease.

Язык: Английский

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Autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions after COVID-19 vaccination. New case reports and updated literature review

Journal of Autoimmunity, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 132, С. 102898 - 102898

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2022

Язык: Английский

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IgG4 Antibodies Induced by Repeated Vaccination May Generate Immune Tolerance to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(5), С. 991 - 991

Опубликована: Май 17, 2023

Less than a year after the global emergence of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, novel vaccine platform based on mRNA technology was introduced to market. Globally, around 13.38 billion COVID-19 doses diverse platforms have been administered. To date, 72.3% total population has injected at least once with vaccine. As immunity provided by these vaccines rapidly wanes, their ability prevent hospitalization and severe disease in individuals comorbidities recently questioned, increasing evidence shown that, as many other vaccines, they do not produce sterilizing immunity, allowing people suffer frequent re-infections. Additionally, recent investigations found abnormally high levels IgG4 who were administered two or more injections vaccines. HIV, Malaria, Pertussis also reported induce higher-than-normal synthesis. Overall, there are three critical factors determining class switch antibodies: excessive antigen concentration, repeated vaccination, type used. It suggested that an increase could protecting role preventing immune over-activation, similar occurring during successful allergen-specific immunotherapy inhibiting IgE-induced effects. However, emerging suggests detected vaccination may be protective mechanism; rather, it constitutes tolerance mechanism spike protein promote unopposed SARS-CoV2 infection replication suppressing natural antiviral responses. Increased synthesis due concentrations cause autoimmune diseases, cancer growth myocarditis susceptible individuals.

Язык: Английский

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Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) in 2023

Autoimmunity Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(5), С. 103287 - 103287

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2023

In 2011, a syndrome entitled ASIA (Autoimmune/inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants; Shoenfeld's syndrome) was first described. aimed to organize under single umbrella, the existing evidence regarding certain environmental factors which possess immune stimulatory properties, in order shed light on common pathway of autoimmune pathogenesis. Such stimulators, or adjuvants, include among others: aluminum salts as vaccines, various medical implants, well infectious agents. After launch syndrome, expansion and recognition this different researchers from countries began. During past decades, had been accumulating that (auto)immune symptoms can be triggered exposure act an adjuvant genetically susceptible individuals. A panoply unexplained subjective autonomic-related has reported patients with syndrome. The current review summarizes updates accumulated knowledge describing new adjuvants- (e.g. polypropylene meshes) vaccine- HPV COVID vaccines) induced ASIA. Furthermore, direct association between inflammatory/autoimmune diseases will discussed. Recent cases strengthen some criteria depicted such clear improvement removal adjuvants silicone breast implants) body patients. Finally, we introduce additional included for as: (1) dysregulated non-classical autoantibodies directed against G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) autonomic nervous system (2)) small fiber neuropathy (SFN), both might explain, at least part, development 'dysautonomia' many

Язык: Английский

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Excess mortality across countries in the Western World since the COVID-19 pandemic: ‘Our World in Data’ estimates of January 2020 to December 2022

BMJ Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2(1), С. e000282 - e000282

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Introduction Excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic has been substantial. Insight into excess death rates in years following WHO’s declaration is crucial for government leaders and policymakers to evaluate their health crisis policies. This study explores Western World from 2020 until 2022. Methods All-cause reports were abstracted countries using ‘Our Data’ database. assessed as a deviation between reported number of deaths country certain week or month 2022 expected that period under normal conditions. For baseline deaths, Karlinsky Kobak’s estimate model was used. uses historical data 2015 2019 accounts seasonal variation year-to-year trends mortality. Results The total 47 3 098 456 1 January 31 December documented 41 (87%) 2020, 42 (89%) 2021 43 (91%) In year onset implementation containment measures, records present 033 122 (P-score 11.4%). 2021, which both measures vaccines used address virus spread infection, highest reported: 256 942 13.8%). 2022, when most lifted continued, preliminary 808 392 8.8%). Conclusions remained high three consecutive years, despite vaccines. raises serious concerns. Government need thoroughly investigate underlying causes persistent

Язык: Английский

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