ACS Nano,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
15(9), С. 14522 - 14534
Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2021
M2-tumor
associated
macrophages
(TAMs)
play
an
important
role
in
tumor
genesis,
progression,
and
metastasis,
repolarizing
M2-TAMs
to
immune-promoting
M1
type
is
increasingly
recognized
as
a
promising
strategy
against
the
clinically
intractable
carcinomas.
It
observed
that
M2
have
high
tropism
hypoxic
area,
with
their
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER)
stress-associated
IRE1-XBP1
pathway
activated
inhibit
cell
glycolysis,
promote
oxidative
phosphorylation
(OXPHOS),
facilitate
intracellular
lipid
accumulation,
which
turn
shapes
typical
phenotypes
of
M2-TAMs,
suggesting
manipulating
ER
stress
response
might
stand
breakthrough
for
antitumor
therapy.
However,
current
attempts
repolarize
cells
remain
limited
are
greatly
challenged
by
nature
tumors.
Also,
level
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
microenvironment
(TME)
favorable
polarization
M2-TAMs.
Here,
we
encapsulated
KIRA6,
inhibitor
pathway,
into
reductive
nanoemulsion
containing
α-tocopherol.
Our
α-T-K
had
dual
inhibitory
effects
on
stress.
Both
vitro
vivo
experiments
suggested
effectively
reprogrammed
even
under
hypoxia,
achieved
increasing
glycolysis
suppressing
fatty
acid
oxidation
(FAO).
In
addition,
our
data
revealed
not
only
delayed
growth
but
elevated
curative
effect
PD-1
antibody.
research
demonstrated
simultaneous
inhibition
could
filled
gap
regulating
biological
repolarization
hypoxia
provided
meaningful
reference
clinical
immunotherapy
sensitized
anti-PD-1.
Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
15(1), С. 123 - 147
Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2019
Macrophages
are
a
diverse
set
of
cells
present
in
all
body
compartments.
This
diversity
is
imprinted
by
their
ontogenetic
origin
(embryonal
versus
adult
bone
marrow-derived
cells);
the
organ
context;
activation
or
deactivation
various
signals
contexts
microbial
invasion,
tissue
damage,
and
metabolic
derangement;
polarization
adaptive
T
cell
responses.
Classic
responses
macrophages
include
tolerance,
priming,
wide
spectrum
states,
including
M1,
M2,
M2-like.
Moreover,
can
retain
long-term
imprinting
encounters
(trained
innate
immunity).
Single-cell
analysis
mononuclear
phagocytes
health
disease
has
added
new
dimension
to
our
understanding
macrophage
differentiation
activation.
Epigenetic
landscapes,
transcription
factors,
microRNA
networks
underlie
adaptability
different
environmental
cues.
Macrophage
plasticity,
an
essential
component
chronic
inflammation,
its
involvement
human
diseases,
most
notably
cancer,
discussed
here
as
paradigm.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
9
Опубликована: Май 16, 2018
Immune
cell
function
and
metabolism
are
closely
linked.
Many
studies
have
now
clearly
demonstrated
that
alterations
in
cellular
influence
immune
that,
conversely,
determines
the
metabolic
state.
Less
well
understood,
however,
effects
of
systemic
or
whole
organism
nutritional
status
on
metabolism.
Several
undernutrition
is
associated
with
immunosuppression,
which
leads
to
both
increased
susceptibility
infection
protection
against
several
types
autoimmune
disease,
whereas
overnutrition
low-grade,
chronic
inflammation
increases
risk
cardiovascular
promotes
autoreactivity,
disrupts
protective
immunity.
Here,
we
review
immunity
highlight
nutrition
circulating
cytokines
populations
human
mouse
models.
As
T
cells
critical
members
system,
direct
overall
response,
will
focus
this
function.
hormones
been
identified
mediate
through
expression
action
key
regulatory
signaling
proteins.
Understanding
how
sensitive
inadequate
overabundant
nutrients
may
enhance
our
ability
target
alter
malnutrition
obesity.
Respiratory Research,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
19(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2018
Idiopathic
pulmonary
fibrosis
(IPF)
is
a
prototype
of
lethal,
chronic,
progressive
interstitial
lung
disease
unknown
etiology.
Over
the
past
decade,
macrophage
has
been
recognized
to
play
significant
role
in
IPF
pathogenesis.
Depending
on
local
microenvironments,
macrophages
can
be
polarized
either
classically
activated
(M1)
or
alternatively
(M2)
phenotypes.
In
general,
M1
are
responsible
for
wound
healing
after
alveolar
epithelial
injury,
while
M2
designated
resolve
processes
terminate
inflammatory
responses
lung.
pathological
consequence
resulted
from
altered
response
persistent
injury.
this
review,
we
intend
summarize
current
state
knowledge
regarding
process
polarization
and
its
mediators
pathogenesis
fibrosis.
Our
goal
update
understanding
mechanisms
underlying
initiation
progression
IPF,
by
which,
expect
provide
help
developing
effective
therapeutic
strategies
clinical
settings.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2021
Macrophages
are
crucial
innate
immune
cells
that
maintain
tissue
homeostasis
and
defend
against
pathogens;
however,
their
infiltration
into
tumors
has
been
associated
with
adverse
outcomes.
Tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs)
represent
a
significant
component
of
the
inflammatory
infiltrate
in
breast
tumors,
extensive
TAMs
linked
to
poor
prognosis
cancer.
Here,
we
detail
how
impede
productive
tumor
immunity
cycle
by
limiting
antigen
presentation
reducing
activation
cytotoxic
T
lymphocytes
(CTLs)
while
simultaneously
supporting
cell
survival,
angiogenesis,
metastasis.
There
is
an
urgent
need
overcome
TAM-mediated
suppression
for
durable
anti-tumor
To
date,
failure
fully
characterize
TAM
biology
classify
multiple
subsets
hindered
advancement
therapeutic
targeting.
In
this
regard,
complexity
recently
taken
center
stage
owing
subset
diversity
tightly
regulated
molecular
metabolic
phenotypes.
review,
reveal
major
gaps
our
knowledge
functional
phenotypic
characterization
cancer,
before
after
treatment.
Future
work
subsets,
location,
crosstalk
neighboring
will
be
critical
counteract
pro-tumor
functions
identify
novel
TAM-modulating
strategies
combinations
likely
enhance
current
therapies
chemo-
immuno-therapy
resistance.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Март 23, 2022
Iron
is
a
critical
element
for
living
cells
in
terrestrial
life.
Although
iron
metabolism
strictly
controlled
the
body,
disturbance
of
homeostasis
under
certain
type
condition
leads
to
innate
and
adaptive
immune
response.
In
immunity,
regulates
macrophage
polarizations,
neutrophils
recruitment,
NK
activity.
had
an
effect
on
activation
differentiation
Th1,
Th2,
Th17
CTL,
antibody
response
B
cells.
this
review,
we
focused
regulation
listed
specific
role
polarization,
T-cell
activation,
B-cells
addition,
correlations
between
several
diseases
such
as
cancer
aging
degenerative
some
therapeutic
strategies
targeting
those
are
also
discussed.
