Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 19, 2025
ABSTRACT
Age‐associated
B
cells
(ABCs),
initially
identified
in
aged
mice,
are
a
distinct
cell
subset
that
plays
crucial
roles
autoimmune
diseases
through
the
production
of
autoantibodies,
proinflammatory
cytokines,
and
antigen
presentation.
Although
definitive
set
markers
for
identifying
ABCs
has
not
yet
been
established,
they
commonly
characterized
by
expression
CD11c,
CD11b,
transcription
factor
T‐bet,
along
with
reduced
levels
CD21,
either
alone
or
combination.
ABC
differentiation
is
driven
Toll‐like
receptor
7
(TLR7)
signaling
conjunction
cytokines
such
as
interleukin‐21
(IL‐21)
interferon‐gamma
(IFNγ).
Importantly,
expand
blood
inflamed
tissues
exhibit
pathogenic
functions
various
systemic
lupus
erythematosus,
rheumatoid
arthritis,
Sjögren's
syndrome,
Crohn's
disease,
axial
spondyloarthritis,
Grave's
multiple
sclerosis.
Recently,
have
implicated
neuromyelitis
optica
spectrum
disorder
(NMOSD),
chronic
inflammatory
astrocytopathy
mediated
anti‐AQP4
antibody‐producing
relapses
remissions.
In
acute
phase,
CD21
lo
can
differentiate
into
both
cerebrospinal
fluid
blood.
an
increased
frequency
CD11c
hi
correlates
neurological
damage
brain
injury.
T
peripheral
helper
type
1
cells,
which
produce
IFNγ
IL‐21,
may
support
phases.
This
review
explores
role
NMOSD,
highlighting
key
studies
link
subsets
to
disease
pathology.
Understanding
ABC‐mediated
mechanisms
NMOSD
open
avenues
novel
therapeutic
strategies.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2022
Autoimmunity
is
a
common
phenomenon
reported
in
many
globally
relevant
infections,
including
malaria
and
COVID-19.
These
other
highly
inflammatory
diseases
have
been
associated
with
the
presence
of
autoantibodies.
The
role
that
these
autoantibodies
play
during
infection
has
an
emerging
topic
interest.
vast
numbers
studies
reporting
range
targeting
cellular
antigens,
such
as
dsDNA
lipids,
but
also
immune
molecules,
cytokines,
malaria,
COVID-19
underscore
importance
autoimmunity
can
infection.
During
both
COVID-19,
correlated
pathologies
malarial
anemia
severe
Additionally,
high
levels
Atypical/Autoimmune
B
cells
(ABCs
atypical
cells)
observed
diseases.
growing
literature
autoimmune
cells,
age-associated
Systemic
Lupus
erythematosus
(SLE)
disorders
identified
recent
mechanistic
targets
could
explain
development
new
findings
establish
link
between
responses
disorders,
highlighting
shared
insights.
In
this
review,
we
focus
on
evidence
autoantibody
generation
infectious
their
potential
pathological
role,
exploring
possible
mechanisms
may
infections.
Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 19, 2025
ABSTRACT
Age‐associated
B
cells
(ABCs),
initially
identified
in
aged
mice,
are
a
distinct
cell
subset
that
plays
crucial
roles
autoimmune
diseases
through
the
production
of
autoantibodies,
proinflammatory
cytokines,
and
antigen
presentation.
Although
definitive
set
markers
for
identifying
ABCs
has
not
yet
been
established,
they
commonly
characterized
by
expression
CD11c,
CD11b,
transcription
factor
T‐bet,
along
with
reduced
levels
CD21,
either
alone
or
combination.
ABC
differentiation
is
driven
Toll‐like
receptor
7
(TLR7)
signaling
conjunction
cytokines
such
as
interleukin‐21
(IL‐21)
interferon‐gamma
(IFNγ).
Importantly,
expand
blood
inflamed
tissues
exhibit
pathogenic
functions
various
systemic
lupus
erythematosus,
rheumatoid
arthritis,
Sjögren's
syndrome,
Crohn's
disease,
axial
spondyloarthritis,
Grave's
multiple
sclerosis.
Recently,
have
implicated
neuromyelitis
optica
spectrum
disorder
(NMOSD),
chronic
inflammatory
astrocytopathy
mediated
anti‐AQP4
antibody‐producing
relapses
remissions.
In
acute
phase,
CD21
lo
can
differentiate
into
both
cerebrospinal
fluid
blood.
an
increased
frequency
CD11c
hi
correlates
neurological
damage
brain
injury.
T
peripheral
helper
type
1
cells,
which
produce
IFNγ
IL‐21,
may
support
phases.
This
review
explores
role
NMOSD,
highlighting
key
studies
link
subsets
to
disease
pathology.
Understanding
ABC‐mediated
mechanisms
NMOSD
open
avenues
novel
therapeutic
strategies.
