Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 19, 2025

ABSTRACT Age‐associated B cells (ABCs), initially identified in aged mice, are a distinct cell subset that plays crucial roles autoimmune diseases through the production of autoantibodies, proinflammatory cytokines, and antigen presentation. Although definitive set markers for identifying ABCs has not yet been established, they commonly characterized by expression CD11c, CD11b, transcription factor T‐bet, along with reduced levels CD21, either alone or combination. ABC differentiation is driven Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) signaling conjunction cytokines such as interleukin‐21 (IL‐21) interferon‐gamma (IFNγ). Importantly, expand blood inflamed tissues exhibit pathogenic functions various systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, Crohn's disease, axial spondyloarthritis, Grave's multiple sclerosis. Recently, have implicated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), chronic inflammatory astrocytopathy mediated anti‐AQP4 antibody‐producing relapses remissions. In acute phase, CD21 lo can differentiate into both cerebrospinal fluid blood. an increased frequency CD11c hi correlates neurological damage brain injury. T peripheral helper type 1 cells, which produce IFNγ IL‐21, may support phases. This review explores role NMOSD, highlighting key studies link subsets to disease pathology. Understanding ABC‐mediated mechanisms NMOSD open avenues novel therapeutic strategies.

Язык: Английский