Shaping oral and intestinal microbiota and the immune system during the first 1,000 days of life

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

The first 1, 000 days of life, from the fetal stage a woman's pregnancy to 2 years age after baby is born, critical period for microbial colonization body and development immune system. system microbiota exhibit great plasticity at this play crucial role in subsequent future health. Two-way communication interaction between helpful maintain human microecological balance homeostasis. Currently, there growing interest important newborn, it believed that absence or dysbiosis commensal early life can have lasting health consequences. Thus, paper summarizes research advances establishment oral intestinal microbiome emphasizing substantial impact diversity prenatal postnatal periods, maternal microbes, mode delivery, feeding practices, antibiotics, probiotics, environment shape infants their association with

Язык: Английский

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Inflammatory mechanisms of preterm labor and emerging anti-inflammatory interventions

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 78, С. 50 - 63

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2024

Preterm birth is a major public health concern, requiring deeper understanding of its underlying inflammatory mechanisms and to develop effective therapeutic strategies. This review explores the complex interaction between inflammation preterm labor, highlighting pivotal role dysregulation in triggering premature delivery. The immunological environment pregnancy, characterized by fragile balance immune tolerance resistance, disrupted leading pathological response. Feto-maternal infections, among other pro-inflammatory stimuli, trigger activation toll-like receptors production mediators, promoting uterine contractility cervical ripening. Emerging anti-inflammatory therapeutics offer promising approaches for prevention targeting key pathways. From TLR-4 antagonists chemokine interleukin receptor antagonists, these interventions aim modulate prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. In conclusion, comprehensive labor crucial development targeted hope reducing incidence improving neonatal

Язык: Английский

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The role of Th17 and Treg cells in normal pregnancy and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA): New insights into immune mechanisms

Placenta, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 142, С. 18 - 26

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2023

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) has various causes, including chromosomal abnormalities, a prethrombotic state, and abnormal uterine anatomical factors. However, in about 50% of cases, the cause remains unknown is referred to as unexplained recurrent (URSA). The fetus protected from rejection by maternal system, acting an allogeneic gene, immune tolerance serves crucial mechanism. Th17/Treg cell paradigm's emergence new subpopulation CD4+ T cells, interacting with one another, plays essential role microenvironment body's defense system. This model helps explain pathology miscarriage that could not be accounted for original mechanism based on Th1/Th2 model. Furthermore, plasticity Th17 Treg cells holds innovative significance autoimmunity abortion. paper reviews cellular response maintaining normal pregnancy understanding

Язык: Английский

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Differentiation of inflammatory stages: prepartum blood data patterns detect at least five inflammatory stages that differ in their birth-related adverse outcomes

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Inflammation is a multi-stage process that affects all humans. While differentiating inflammatory stages may have broad medical applications, no real-time, easily implemented method currently differentiates early (or acute) from late chronic) stages. Here, an algorithm expected to detect unlimited phases and associated outcomes was explored within reproductive health –a large field lacks personalized prognostics. Maternal (pre-partum) blood data were utilized prognosticate adverse birth outcomes: low weight pre-term (double risks). Immunological and/or clinical non-overlapping patterns distinguished five stages: ‘early inflammation’ (one neutrophil-predominant subset, double risks), ‘late (two mononuclear-predominant subsets, one with 16.6%, the other 83.3% ‘no lymphocyte-predominant subsets Because construct, internal, external statistical validity aspects documented, this support earlier interventions of pregnancies at risk. To end, prospective studies should determine its generalizability.

Язык: Английский

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Morphofunctional Characteristics of the Placenta in Experimental Preeclampsia

Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1), С. 21 - 28

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2025

The aim was to characterize morphological and functional changes in the placenta midpregnancy when modeling experimental preeclampsia evaluate model for validity. Material methods . study conducted on 12–14-week-old mice of inbred CBA, DBA/2, Balb/c lines. Uncomplicated pregnancy modeled using ♀CBA×♂Balb/c combination, reproduced by ♀CBA×♂DBA/2 combination introduction 0.1 ml 0.9% NaCl solution beta-heptylglycoside muramyl dipeptide (C7MDP) intraperitoneally at dose 25 μg per 1 animal days 5 7 gestation (DG). On day 14 gestation, frequency fetal resorption level proteinuria were determined, placentas dissected. Placenta preparations stained with hematoxylin eosin. Freshly isolated also examined scanning electron microscopy, homogenate used measure ex vivo cytokine production flow cytofluorimetry. After birth offspring, fetuses weighed 1st life crown-rump length measured. obtained results statistically processed Sigma Stat 3.5 program. Results (0.0; 0.1) g/l cases uncomplicated 1.0 (1.0; 3.0) complicated preeclampsia. 14th pregnancy, rate group 12.9%, we revealed 39.34% ones. Morphometric showed intrauterine growth retardation group. Our cytokines estimating placental homogenates that accompanied significant increase proinflammatory IL-1, as well decrease pleiotropic IL-4 IL-6 anti-inflammatory IL-10. Using light microscopy found reflecting signs insufficiency. Conclusion observed allow us classify considered one most adequate present. Having high reproducibility validity, it can contribute search new diagnostic therapeutic targets this complication.

Язык: Английский

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In utero priming of fetal immune activation: Myths and mechanisms

Journal of Reproductive Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 157, С. 103922 - 103922

Опубликована: Март 2, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Obesity and recurrent miscarriage: The interconnections between adipose tissue and the immune system

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 90(3)

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2023

Abstract Currently, obesity is considered a global public health problem. It the main risk factor for noncommunicable diseases and reproductive complications, such as recurrent miscarriage (RM). RM affects approximately 1% of couples age, recent studies suggest that its prevalence increasing. Immunological abnormalities may be responsible significant number cases unexplained RM. Obesity recognized chronic low‐grade inflammatory condition. The accumulation fat in obese adipose tissue promotes changes local systemic immune response. Adipokines, exosomes, micro‐RNAs, lipids, other factors released or secreted by are interconnection between system. Obesity‐induced dysregulation innate acquired response also involved immunopathology pregnancy loss patients with Therefore, understanding communication pathways maternal women living an important objective. Thus, diagnostic tools new immunomodulatory therapies proposed management concurrent

Язык: Английский

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Roles of TGF-β1 in Viral Infection during Pregnancy: Research Update and Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(7), С. 6489 - 6489

Опубликована: Март 30, 2023

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic factor playing various roles in the human body including cell and development. More functions of TGF-β1 have been discovered, especially its viral infection. abundant at maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy plays an important function immune tolerance, essential key for success. It some critical infection pregnancy, such as effects on replication cytomegalovirus syncytiotrophoblasts. Interestingly, role enhancement Zika virus (ZIKV) first-trimester trophoblasts has recently reported. The above up-to-date findings opened one promising approaches to studying mechanisms with links corresponding congenital syndromes. In this article, we review our current recent advances understanding Our discussion focuses first trimester. We highlight mutual specific contexts possible Smad pathway infection, special note ZIKV addition, discuss performing further studies topic.

Язык: Английский

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Investigating the progression of preeclampsia through a comprehensive analysis of genes associated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(4), С. 444 - 453

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2024

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals utilized in the production of various products that possess water dirt-repellent properties. Exposure to PFAS has been linked numerous diseases, such as cancer preeclampsia (PE). However, whether contributes advancement PE remains uncertain. In this study, we conducted an extensive bioinformatics analysis using Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, leading us discover a connection between four specific PFAS. Moreover, further examination revealed six genes associated with exhibited significant diagnostic potential for individuals PE. By employing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, our PFAS-related gene-based nomogram model demonstrated outstanding predictive efficacy diagnosing Immune infiltration showed were significantly level immune cell infiltration. The expression patients was confirmed by collecting clinical samples. This research offered fresh perspectives on comprehending impact PE, drawing attention environmental factors risks development

Язык: Английский

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Associations between genetically predicted concentrations of circulating inflammatory cytokines and the risk of ten pregnancy-related adverse outcomes: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Cytokine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 180, С. 156661 - 156661

Опубликована: Май 24, 2024

Язык: Английский

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