Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2010,
Номер
107(40), С. 17240 - 17245
Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2010
Nitrification
plays
a
central
role
in
the
global
nitrogen
cycle
and
is
responsible
for
significant
losses
of
fertilizer,
atmospheric
pollution
by
greenhouse
gas
nitrous
oxide,
nitrate
groundwaters.
Ammonia
oxidation,
first
step
nitrification,
was
thought
to
be
performed
autotrophic
bacteria
until
recent
discovery
archaeal
ammonia
oxidizers.
Autotrophic
oxidizers
have
been
cultivated
from
marine
thermal
spring
environments,
but
relative
importance
archaea
soil
nitrification
unclear
it
believed
that
may
use
organic
carbon,
rather
than
growing
autotrophically.
In
this
microcosm
study,
stable
isotope
probing
used
demonstrate
incorporation
13
C-enriched
carbon
dioxide
into
genomes
thaumarchaea
possessing
two
functional
genes:
amoA
,
encoding
subunit
monooxygenase
catalyses
oxidation;
hcd
key
gene
3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate
cycle,
which
has
found
so
far
only
archaea.
accompanied
increases
abundance
changes
diversity,
no
change
observed
bacterial
genes.
Archaeal,
not
bacterial,
genes
were
also
detected
C-labeled
DNA,
demonstrating
inorganic
CO
2
fixation
archaeal,
oxidation
further
supported
coordinate
DNA.
The
results
therefore
provide
direct
evidence
growth
oxidizing
soil.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2011,
Номер
108(20), С. 8420 - 8425
Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2011
Genes
of
archaea
encoding
homologues
ammonia
monooxygenases
have
been
found
on
a
widespread
basis
and
in
large
amounts
almost
all
terrestrial
marine
environments,
indicating
that
oxidizing
(AOA)
might
play
major
role
nitrification
Earth.
However,
only
one
pure
isolate
this
group
from
environment
has
so
far
obtained,
demonstrating
archaeal
oxidation
coupled
with
autotrophic
growth
similar
to
the
bacterial
counterparts.
Here
we
describe
cultivation
isolation
an
AOA
soil.
It
grows
or
urea
as
energy
source
is
capable
using
higher
concentrations
than
isolate,
Nitrosopumilus
maritimus
.
Surprisingly,
although
it
able
grow
chemolithoautotrophically,
considerable
rates
strain
are
obtained
upon
addition
low
pyruvate
when
grown
coculture
bacteria.
Our
findings
expand
recognized
metabolic
spectrum
help
explain
controversial
results
past
activity
carbon
assimilation
these
globally
distributed
organisms.
FEMS Microbiology Reviews,
Год журнала:
2015,
Номер
39(5), С. 729 - 749
Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2015
The
continuous
increase
of
the
greenhouse
gas
nitrous
oxide
(N2O)
in
atmosphere
due
to
increasing
anthropogenic
nitrogen
input
agriculture
has
become
a
global
concern.
In
recent
years,
identification
microbial
assemblages
responsible
for
soil
N2O
production
substantially
advanced
with
development
molecular
technologies
and
discoveries
novel
functional
guilds
new
types
metabolism.
However,
few
practical
tools
are
available
effectively
reduce
situ
flux.
Combating
negative
impacts
fluxes
poses
considerable
challenges
will
be
ineffective
without
successfully
incorporating
microbially
regulated
processes
into
ecosystem
modeling
mitigation
strategies.
Here,
we
synthesize
latest
knowledge
(i)
key
pathways
regulating
consumption
terrestrial
ecosystems
critical
environmental
factors
influencing
their
occurrence,
(ii)
relative
contributions
major
biological
emissions
by
analyzing
natural
isotopic
signatures
using
stable
isotope
enrichment
inhibition
techniques.
We
argue
that
it
is
urgently
necessary
incorporate
traits
biogeochemical
order
estimation
reliability
emissions.
further
propose
methodology
oriented
framework
from
gene
scales
more
robust
prediction
future
Current Opinion in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2011,
Номер
14(3), С. 300 - 306
Опубликована: Май 7, 2011
Thaumarchaeota
range
among
the
most
abundant
archaea
on
Earth.
Initially
classified
as
'mesophilic
Crenarchaeota',
comparative
genomics
has
recently
revealed
that
they
form
a
separate
and
deep-branching
phylum
within
Archaea.
This
novel
comprises
in
16S
rRNA
gene
trees
not
only
all
known
archaeal
ammonia
oxidizers
but
also
several
clusters
of
environmental
sequences
representing
microorganisms
with
unknown
energy
metabolism.
Ecophysiological
studies
ammonia-oxidizing
suggest
adaptation
to
low
concentrations
an
autotrophic
or
possibly
mixotrophic
lifestyle.
Extrapolating
from
wide
substrate
copper-containing
membrane-bound
monooxygenases,
which
thaumarchaeal
monooxygenases
belong,
use
substrates
other
than
for
generating
by
some
members
seems
likely.
Annual Review of Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2012,
Номер
66(1), С. 83 - 101
Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2012
The
discovery
of
ammonia-oxidizing
archaea
(AOA),
now
generally
recognized
to
exert
primary
control
over
ammonia
oxidation
in
terrestrial,
marine,
and
geothermal
habitats,
necessitates
a
reassessment
the
nitrogen
cycle.
In
particular,
unusually
high
affinity
marine
terrestrial
AOA
for
indicates
that
this
group
may
determine
state
available
associated
micro-
macrobiota,
altering
our
current
understanding
trophic
interactions.
Initial
comparative
genomics
physiological
studies
have
revealed
novel,
as
yet
unresolved,
primarily
copper-based
pathway
respiration
distinct
from
known
bacteria
possibly
relevant
production
atmospherically
active
oxides.
Comparative
also
provide
compelling
evidence
lineage
Archaea
with
which
affiliate
is
sufficiently
divergent
justify
creation
novel
phylum,
Thaumarchaeota.
