Global patterns of vascular plant alpha diversity

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2022

Global patterns of regional (gamma) plant diversity are relatively well known, but whether these hold for local communities, and the dependence on spatial grain, remain controversial. Using data 170,272 georeferenced assemblages, we created global maps alpha (local species richness) vascular plants at three different grains, forests non-forests. We show that is consistently high across grains in some regions (for example, Andean-Amazonian foothills), 'scaling anomalies' (deviations from positive correlation) exist elsewhere, particularly Eurasian temperate with disproportionally higher fine-grained richness many African tropical coarse-grained richness. The influence climatic, topographic biogeographical variables also varies grains. Our multi-grain return a nuanced understanding biodiversity complements classic hotspots will improve predictions change effects biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats

Journal of Vegetation Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 32(4)

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2021

Abstract Aims Understanding fine‐grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of richness values Palaearctic open habitats vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens complete vegetation (i.e., sum former three groups). Location biogeographic realm. Methods We used 126,524 plots eight standard grain sizes from database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 1,000 m 2 calculated mean deviations, as well maximum, minimum, median, first third quartiles each combination size, taxonomic group, biome, region, type phytosociological class. Results Patterns plant in types biomes differ groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi‐natural) grasslands natural are richest type. The open‐access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” web tool “GrassPlot Explorer” now available online ( https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer ) more insights into species habitats. Conclusions Benchmarks high‐quality data on habitat Palaearctic. These benchmark can be ecology, macroecology, conservation quality checking. While amount underlying database their coverage smaller than other extensive vegetation‐plot databases, recordings average complete, making it a valuable complementary source macroecology.

Язык: Английский

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Estimating Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Diversity Through Deep Learning

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2022

The reliable mapping of species richness is a crucial step for the identification areas high conservation priority, alongside other value and threat considerations. This commonly done by overlapping range maps individual species, which requires dense availability occurrence data or relies on assumptions about presence in unsampled deemed suitable environmental niche models. Here, we present deep learning approach that directly estimates richness, skipping estimating ranges. We train neural network model based lists from inventory plots, provide ground truth supervised machine learning. learns to predict spatially associated variables, including climatic geographic predictors, as well counts available records online databases. assess empirical utility our producing independently verifiable alpha, beta, gamma plant diversity at spatial resolutions Australia, continent with highly heterogeneous patterns. Our framework provides powerful flexible new biodiversity patterns, constituting forward toward automated assessments.

Язык: Английский

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The relationship between spectral and plant diversity: Disentangling the influence of metrics and habitat types at the landscape scale

Remote Sensing of Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 293, С. 113591 - 113591

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of landscape patterns on plant species diversity at a global scale

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 896, С. 165193 - 165193

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Diversity and distribution of Raunkiær's life forms in European vegetation

Journal of Vegetation Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 35(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Aims The Raunkiær's system classifies vascular plants into life forms based on the position of renewal buds during periods unfavourable for plant growth. Despite importance ecological research, a study exploring diversity and distribution continental scale is missing. We aim to (i) map in European vegetation (ii) test effects bioclimatic variables while controlling habitat‐specific responses. Location Europe. Methods used data 8883 species recorded 546,501 plots different habitats (forest, grassland, scrub wetland). For each plot, we calculated: proportion form richness evenness forms. mapped these plot‐level metrics averaged across 50 km × grid cells modelled their response variables. Results Hemicryptophytes were most widespread form, especially temperate zone Central Conversely, therophyte chamaephyte more common Mediterranean as well dry regions. Moreover, chamaephytes also boreal arctic zones. Higher proportions phanerophytes found Mediterranean. Overall, higher was at lower latitudes showed spatially heterogeneous patterns. Habitat type main discriminator responses analysed, but several moisture‐related predictors still marked effect therophytes chamaephytes. Conclusions Our maps can be tool future biogeographic macro‐ecological research scale. conditions are key regulating forms, with concomitant consequences functional global environmental changes.

Язык: Английский

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Grasslands of the Palaearctic Biogeographic Realm: Introduction and Synthesis

Elsevier eBooks, Год журнала: 2020, Номер unknown, С. 617 - 637

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The use of GEDI canopy structure for explaining variation in tree species richness in natural forests

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(4), С. 045003 - 045003

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2022

Variables describing the abiotic environment (e.g. climate, topography or biogeographic history) have a long tradition of use as predictors tree species richness patterns. However, these variables may capture variations in related to but not those that are soil type forest disturbance. Canopy structure has previously been shown provide information on variation richness, with generally increasing larger canopy heights and denser foliage. The is increasingly relevant availability such data from Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI), lidar mission onboard International Space Station. In this analysis we show GEDI explains up 66% natural forests without history recent disturbance across globe. portion overlaps (up 80%) explained by environmental biogeographical variables. Our results relationships between one side climate other straightforward initially expected, should be further investigated both disturbed forests.

Язык: Английский

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Projected climate and canopy change lead to thermophilization and homogenization of forest floor vegetation in a hotspot of plant species richness

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Mountain forests are plant diversity hotspots, but changing climate and increasing forest disturbances will likely lead to far‐reaching community change. Projecting future change, however, is challenging for understory plants, which respond structure composition as well climate. Here, we jointly assessed the effects of both including wind bark beetle disturbances, using process‐based simulation model iLand in a protected landscape northern Alps (Berchtesgaden National Park, Germany), asking: (1) How do communities 21st‐century change topographically complex mountain landscape, representing hotspot species richness? (2) important climatic changes (i.e., direct effects) versus indirect recovery from past land use) driving responses at scales? Stacked individual distribution models fit with climate, forest, soil predictors (248 currently present derived 150 field plots stratified by elevation development, overall area under receiving operator characteristic curve = 0.86) were driven projected (RCP4.5 RCP8.5) modeled variables predict Nearly all persisted 2050, on average 8% pool was lost end century. By 2100, mean richness cover declined (−13% −8%, respectively), warm‐adapted increasingly dominated thermophilization, +12%), plot‐level turnover high (62%). Subalpine experienced greatest declines (−16%), most thermophilization (+17%), highest (67%), resulting homogenization across zones. Climate rather than dominant driver responses. The magnitude unabated erode hotspot, calling stronger conservation mitigation efforts.

Язык: Английский

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A European map of groundwater pH and calcium

Earth system science data, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(3), С. 1089 - 1105

Опубликована: Март 17, 2021

Abstract. Water resources and associated ecosystems are becoming highly endangered due to ongoing global environmental changes. Spatial ecological modelling is a promising toolbox for understanding the past, present future distribution diversity patterns in groundwater-dependent ecosystems, such as fens, springs, streams, reed beds or wet grasslands. Still, lack of detailed water chemistry maps prevents use reasonable models be applied on continental scales. Being major determinants biological composition groundwater pH calcium utmost importance. Here we developed an up-to-date European map Ca, based 7577 measurements near-surface distributed across Europe. In comparison existing maps, included several times more sites, especially regions rich spring fen habitats, filled apparent gaps eastern southeastern We used random forest regression kriging create continuous at scale, which freely available also raster (Hájek et al., 2020b; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4139912). Lithology had higher importance than climate both calcium. The previously recognised latitudinal altitudinal gradients were rediscovered with much refined regional patterns, bedrock variation. For many terrestrial our new field suitable soil pH, mirror not only but vegetation-dependent processes.

Язык: Английский

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