Global patterns of vascular plant alpha diversity

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2022

Global patterns of regional (gamma) plant diversity are relatively well known, but whether these hold for local communities, and the dependence on spatial grain, remain controversial. Using data 170,272 georeferenced assemblages, we created global maps alpha (local species richness) vascular plants at three different grains, forests non-forests. We show that is consistently high across grains in some regions (for example, Andean-Amazonian foothills), 'scaling anomalies' (deviations from positive correlation) exist elsewhere, particularly Eurasian temperate with disproportionally higher fine-grained richness many African tropical coarse-grained richness. The influence climatic, topographic biogeographical variables also varies grains. Our multi-grain return a nuanced understanding biodiversity complements classic hotspots will improve predictions change effects biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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Global models and predictions of plant diversity based on advanced machine learning techniques

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 237(4), С. 1432 - 1445

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2022

Summary Despite the paramount role of plant diversity for ecosystem functioning, biogeochemical cycles, and human welfare, knowledge its global distribution is still incomplete, hampering basic research biodiversity conservation. Here, we used machine learning (random forests, extreme gradient boosting, neural networks) conventional statistical methods (generalized linear models generalized additive models) to test environment‐related hypotheses broad‐scale vascular gradients model predict species richness phylogenetic worldwide. To this end, 830 regional inventories including c . 300 000 predictors past present environmental conditions. Machine showed a superior performance, explaining up 80.9% 83.3% richness, illustrating great potential such techniques disentangling complex interacting associations between environment diversity. Current climate heterogeneity emerged as primary drivers, while conditions left only small but detectable imprints on Finally, combined predictions from multiple modeling (ensemble predictions) reveal patterns centers at resolutions down 7774 km 2 Our predictive maps provide accurate estimates available grain sizes relevant conservation macroecology.

Язык: Английский

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Assessing and improving the transferability of current global spatial prediction models

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(3), С. 356 - 368

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2023

Abstract Aim Global‐scale maps of the environment are an important source information for researchers and decision makers. Often, these created by training machine learning algorithms on field‐sampled reference data using remote sensing as predictors. Since field samples often sparse clustered in geographic space, model prediction requires a transfer trained to regions where no available. However, recent studies question feasibility predictions far beyond location data. Innovation We propose novel workflow spatial predictive mapping that leverages developments this combines them innovative ways with aim improved transferability performance assessment. demonstrate, evaluate discuss from recently published global environmental maps. Main conclusions Reducing predictors those relevant leads increase map accuracy without decrease quality areas high sampling density. Still, reliable gap‐free were not possible, highlighting their evaluation hampered limited availability

Язык: Английский

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Transnational conservation to anticipate future plant shifts in Europe

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(3), С. 454 - 466

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

Abstract To meet the COP15 biodiversity framework in European Union (EU), one target is to protect 30% of its land by 2030 through a resilient transnational conservation network. The Alps are key hub this network hosting some most extensive natural areas and hotspots Europe. Here we assess robustness current reserve safeguard Alps’ flora 2080 using semi-mechanistic simulations. We first highlight that needs strong readjustments as it does not capture patterns well our Overall, predict shift need time along latitudes, from lower higher elevations plants migrate upslope shrink their distribution. While increasing species, trait evolutionary diversity, migration could also threaten 70% resident flora. In face global changes, future will ensure elevation latitudinal connections complementarily multifaceted beyond national borders.

Язык: Английский

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Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(48)

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2023

How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering management this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate distributions drivers different levels taxonomic phylogenetic fungi their ecological groups. We show impact precipitation temperature interactions on local species richness (alpha diversity) climates. Our findings reveal how drives compositional turnover (beta diversity, linking them with regional (gamma diversity). integrate into principles global biodiversity distribution present detailed maps for conservation modeling processes.

Язык: Английский

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Global diversity and biogeography of potential phytopathogenic fungi in a changing world

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2023

Phytopathogenic fungi threaten global food security but the ecological drivers of their diversity and biogeography remain unknown. Here, we construct analyse a atlas potential phytopathogenic from 20,312 samples across all continents major oceanic island regions, eleven land cover types, twelve habitat types. We show peak in mid-latitude contrast to latitudinal gradients observed aboveground organisms. Our study identifies climate as an important driver distribution fungi, our models suggest that invasion will increase globally by 2100. Importantly, phytopathogen largely forest (37.27-79.12%) cropland (34.93-82.51%) ecosystems, this becomes more pronounced under fossil-fuelled industry dependent future scenarios. Thus, recommend improved biomonitoring forests croplands, optimised sustainable development approaches reduce threats fungi.

Язык: Английский

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Climate-trait relationships exhibit strong habitat specificity in plant communities across Europe

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2023

Abstract Ecological theory predicts close relationships between macroclimate and functional traits. Yet, global climatic gradients correlate only weakly with the trait composition of local plant communities, suggesting that important factors have been ignored. Here, we investigate consistency climate-trait for communities in European habitats. Assuming are better accounted more narrowly defined habitats, assigned > 300,000 vegetation plots to hierarchically classified habitats modelled effects climate on community-weighted means four key traits using generalized additive models. We found predictive power increased from broadly specific leaf area root length, but not height seed mass. Although generally predicted distribution all traits, its varied, habitat-specificity increasing toward conclude is an determinant terrestrial future predictions must consider how defined.

Язык: Английский

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Double stress of waterlogging and drought drives forest–savanna coexistence

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(33)

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2023

Forest-savanna boundaries are ecotones that support complex ecosystem functions and sensitive to biotic/abiotic perturbations. What drives their distribution today how it may shift in the future open questions. Feedbacks among climate, fire, herbivory, land use known drivers. Here, we show alternating seasonal drought waterlogging stress favors dominance of savanna-like ecosystems over forests. We track water-table depth as an indicator water when too deep oxygen shallow map forest/savanna occurrence within this double-stress space neotropics. find under a given annual precipitation, savannas favored landscape positions experiencing double stress, which is more common dry season strengthens (climate driver) but only found waterlogged lowlands (terrain driver). further hydrological changes at end century expose some flooded forests savanna expansion, affecting biodiversity soil carbon storage. Our results highlight importance hydrology understanding/predicting forest-savanna transitions changing world.

Язык: Английский

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Mycorrhizal feedbacks influence global forest structure and diversity

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2023

One mechanism proposed to explain high species diversity in tropical systems is strong negative conspecific density dependence (CDD), which reduces recruitment of juveniles proximity adult plants. Although evidence shows that plant-specific soil pathogens can drive CDD, trees also form key mutualisms with mycorrhizal fungi, may counteract these effects. Across 43 large-scale forest plots worldwide, we tested whether ectomycorrhizal tree exhibit weaker CDD than arbuscular species. We further for conmycorrhizal (CMDD) test benefit from shared mutualists. found the strength varies systematically type, exhibiting higher sapling densities increasing Moreover, positive CMDD both types. Collectively, findings indicate interactions likely play a foundational role global patterns and structure.

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of landscape patterns on plant species diversity at a global scale

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 896, С. 165193 - 165193

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2023

Язык: Английский

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