Many
people,
and
particularly
individuals
with
Attention
Deficit
(Hyperactivity)
Disorder
(AD(H)D),
find
it
difficult
to
maintain
attention
during
classroom
learning.
However,
traditional
paradigms
used
evaluate
do
not
capture
the
complexity
dynamic
nature
of
real-life
classrooms.
Using
a
novel
Virtual
Reality
platform,
coupled
measurement
neural
activity,
eye-gaze
skin
conductance,
here
we
studied
neurophysiological
manifestations
distractibility,
under
realistic
learning
conditions.
Individuals
AD(H)D
exhibited
higher
responses
irrelevant
sounds
reduced
speech
tracking
teacher,
relative
controls.
Additional
measures,
such
power
alpha-oscillations
frequency
gaze-shifts
away
from
contributed
explaining
variance
in
self-reported
symptoms
across
sample.
These
ecologically-valid
findings
provide
critical
insight
into
mechanisms
underlying
individual
differences
capacity
for
sustained
proneness
distraction
mind-wandering,
experienced
situations.
Virtual Reality,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
27(4), С. 3545 - 3564
Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2023
Abstract
Virtual
reality
(VR)
shows
great
potential
in
treating
and
managing
various
mental
health
conditions.
This
includes
using
VR
for
training
or
rehabilitation
purposes.
For
example,
is
being
used
to
improve
cognitive
functioning
(e.g.
attention)
among
children
with
attention/deficit-hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD).
The
aim
of
the
current
review
meta-analysis
evaluate
effectiveness
immersive
VR-based
interventions
improving
deficits
ADHD,
investigate
moderators
effect
size
assess
treatment
adherence
safety.
included
seven
randomised
controlled
trials
(RCTs)
ADHD
comparing
controls
waiting
list,
medication,
psychotherapy,
training,
neurofeedback
hemoencephalographic
biofeedback)
on
measures
cognition.
Results
indicated
large
sizes
favour
outcomes
global
functioning,
attention,
memory.
Neither
intervention
length
nor
participant
age
moderated
functioning.
Control
group
type
(active
vs
passive
control
group),
diagnostic
status
(formal
vs.
informal)
novelty
technology
were
not
significant
Treatment
was
similar
across
groups
there
no
adverse
effects.
should
be
cautiously
interpreted
given
poor
quality
studies
small
sample.
The British Journal of Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
224(4), С. 127 - 131
Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024
Background
There
are
increasing
calls
for
neurodivergent
peoples’
involvement
in
research
into
neurodevelopmental
conditions.
So
far,
however,
this
has
tended
to
be
achieved
only
through
membership
of
external
patient
and
public
(PPI)
panels.
The
Regulating
Emotions
–
Strengthening
Adolescent
Resilience
(RE-STAR)
programme
is
building
a
new
participatory
model
translational
that
places
young
people
with
diagnoses
attention-deficit
hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD)
autism
at
the
heart
team
so
they
can
contribute
shaping
delivering
its
plan.
Aims
To
outline
principles
on
which
RE-STAR
based
describe
practical
implementation
benefits,
especially
concerning
central
role
members
Youth
Researcher
Panel
(Y-RPers).
Method
presented
culmination
24-month
process
during
Y-RPers
moved
from
advisors
co-researchers
integrated
within
RE-STAR.
It
shaped
by
co-intentionality.
account
here
was
agreed
following
multiple
iterative
cycles
collaborative
discussion
between
academic
researchers,
other
stakeholders.
Results
Based
our
collective
reflections
we
offer
general
guidance
how
effectively
integrate
ADHD
and/or
core
process.
We
also
specific
theoretical,
methodological
analytical
benefits
Y-RPer
Conclusions
Although
infancy,
demonstrated
model's
potential
enrich
science
way
change
understanding
relationship
autism,
mental
health.
When
appropriately
adapted
believe
applied
types
neurodivergence
health
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 106022 - 106022
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Social
cognition
is
a
crucial
capacity
for
social
functioning.
The
last
decades
have
seen
plethora
of
research
in
neurodevelopmental
conditions,
foremost
autism
and,
to
lesser
extent,
ADHD,
both
characterized
by
challenges.
multifaceted
construct
comprising
various
overlapping
subdomains,
such
as
Theory
Mind/mentalizing,
emotion
recognition,
and
perception.
Mechanisms
underpinning
are
complex,
including
implicit
explicit,
cognitive
affective,
hyper-
hypo-social
information
processing.
This
review
explores
the
intricacies
context
ADHD.
Research
indicates
altered
performance
on
tests
autism,
compared
neurotypical
groups,
with
alterations
having
small
but
robust
effect
defining
features
autism.
nature
appears
primarily
relation
ADHD
groups
show
intermediate
performance,
appearing
be
influenced
executive
function
difficulties.
varies
intellectual
verbal
abilities
seems
improve
age
skills
interventions
stimulant
medication
been
shown
test
while
mentalizing
training
effects
less
conclusive.
A
limitation
field
that
constructs
not
well
delineated.
Further,
most
has
embedded
nativist
approach
rather
than
constructivist
approach.
former
questioned
ignoring
environmental
contributions,
especially
dimension
mutual
miscommunication
between
neurodivergent
individuals.
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2024
The
diagnosis
of
attention-deficit
hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD)
is
based
on
the
presence
pervasive,
persistent
symptoms
inattention
and/or
hyperactivity/impulsivity
typically
emerging
early
in
life
and
resulting
significant
functional
impairment.
In
contrast
to
a
worldwide
epidemiological
prevalence
approximately
5%
children
2–3%
adults,
there
are
variations
administrative
ADHD
diagnoses
medication
use.
We
assert
that
order
explore
underlying
dynamics
this
phenomenon,
thorough
understanding
construct
necessary.
contend
not
natural
entity
unfolds
within
an
individual
can
be
understood
independent
from
societal
environmental
factors,
but
rather
as
better
conceptualized
valid
pragmatically
useful
social
construct.
Decisions
diagnose
treat
should
follow
person-centered
approach
focused
impairment
socially
constructed,
context-dependent
environmentally
contingent
model.
Frontiers in Psychology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024
The
medical
and
social
definitions
of
neurodivergence
have
become
a
common
topic
discussion
in
recent
years,
the
ways
that
we
define,
measure
report
on
conditions
within
neurodivergent
umbrella
are
changing.
objective
this
study
was
to
analyze
differences
mental
health
symptom
presentation
at
intake
compare
treatment
outcomes
among
three
groups:
clients
with
an
affirming
diagnosis,
without
neurotypical
clients.
Journal of Experimental Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
Volume 16, С. 13 - 24
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Background:
Viloxazine
ER
(viloxazine
extended-release
capsules;
Qelbree
®
),
a
nonstimulant
attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD)
treatment,
has
known
activity
as
norepinephrine
(NE)
transporter
(NET)
inhibitor.
In
vitro
studies
have
also
shown
direct
pharmacological
effects
on
specific
serotonin
(5-HT)
receptors,
but
not
the
(SERT).
An
in
vivo
microdialysis
study
rats
showed
viloxazine
(50
mg/kg
i.p.)
increased
extracellular
5-HT,
NE,
and
dopamine
(DA)
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC),
key
brain
region
ADHD
pathology.
This
evaluated
whether
these
occur
at
clinically
relevant
concentrations.
Methods:
Microdialysis
experiments
were
conducted
freely-moving,
Sprague-Dawley
(males,
8
weeks).
(1,
3,
10,
30
mg/kg)
was
administered
intraperitoneally
to
establish
dose
range
which
plasma
concentrations
aligned
with
those
of
individuals
therapeutic
doses
ER.
Concentrations
unbound
viloxazine,
DA,
NE
5-HT
metabolites
(3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycol
[DHPG]
5-hydroxyindoleacetic
acid
[5-HIAA])
measured
PFC
interstitial
fluid.
After
identifying
therapeutically
(30
mg/kg),
experiment
repeated
using
50
(as
DA
prior
studies).
Results:
(free
drug)
comparable
free
drug
taking
effective
(based
validated
population
PK
models).
significantly
levels
compared
vehicle.
Concomitant
decreases
DHPG,
5-HIAA,
support
inhibitory
effect
NET
SERT.
Conclusion:
At
concentrations,
increases
5-HT.
Prefrontal
augmentation
does
appear
result
from
reuptake
inhibition
may
be
related
activation
neurons.
The
potential
role
serotonergic
treatment
merits
further
exploration.
Plain
Language
Summary:
(Qelbree
)
is
non-stimulant,
FDA-approved
for
children
adults.
other
medications
are
thought
work
by
increasing
two
signaling
molecules,
called
dopamine,
area
cortex.
important
it
helps
control
impulsive
behavior,
attention,
hyperactivity,
learning.
A
third
molecule
ADHD.
Previous
that
norepinephrine,
To
better
understand
how
if
increase
occurs
same
used
treat
ADHD,
we
did
another
rats.
Our
humans.
We
neuron
where
molecules
blocking
way
they
recycled
back
into
nerve
space.
However,
block
recycling
mechanism,
meaning
works
differently
than
selective
inhibitor
(SSRI)
(often
depression).
Additional
needed
determine
exactly
this
plays
treating
These
additional
will
help
us
acts
medications.
Keywords:
microdialysis,
cortex,
serotonin,
NET,
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Июль 12, 2024
Abstract
Research
demonstrates
the
important
role
of
genetic
factors
in
attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD).
DNA
sequencing
families
provides
a
powerful
approach
for
identifying
de
novo
(spontaneous)
variants,
leading
to
discovery
hundreds
clinically
informative
risk
genes
other
childhood
neurodevelopmental
disorders.
This
has
yet
be
extensively
leveraged
ADHD.
We
conduct
whole-exome
152
families,
comprising
child
with
ADHD
and
both
biological
parents,
demonstrate
significant
enrichment
rare
ultra-rare
gene-damaging
mutations
cases
compared
unaffected
controls.
Combining
these
results
large
independent
case-control
cohort
(3206
5002
controls),
we
identify
lysine
demethylase
5B
(
KDM5B)
as
high-confidence
gene
estimate
that
1057
contribute
risk.
Using
our
list
harboring
damaging
show
overlap
previously
reported
neuropsychiatric
conditions
are
enriched
several
canonical
pathways,
suggesting
early
underpinnings
work
insight
into
biology
potential
larger
parent-child
trio
cohorts.
