Ecological speciation by sympatric host shifts in a clade of herbivorous sea slugs, with introgression and localized mitochondrial capture between species

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 174, С. 107523 - 107523

Опубликована: Май 16, 2022

Host shifting in insect-plant systems was historically important to the development of ecological speciation theory, yet surprisingly few studies have examined whether host drives diversification marine herbivores. When small-bodied consumers feed and also mate on a preferred host, disruptive selection can split population into races despite gene flow. Support for shifts is notably lacking invertebrates associated with macroalgae, where scale dispersal by planktonic larvae often far exceeds grain patchiness, adults are typically less specialized than terrestrial Here, we present candidate example clade sea slugs that primarily consume green algae genus Caulerpa, including highly invasive species. Ancestral character state reconstructions supported ‘sea grapes’ (C. racemosa, C. lentillifera) as ancestral tropical radiation 12 Elysia spp., one shift onto alternative Caulerpa spp. Indo-Pacific. A Caribbean three species included symaptric Rhipocephalus brevicaulis ancestor E. pratensis Ortea & Espinosa, 1996, prolifera hamanni Krug, Vendetti Valdes 2016, plus niche expansion range subornata Verrill, 1901. All broadly sympatric across but host-partitioned at fine grain, distinct morphology nuclear loci. However, non-recombining mtDNA revealed history flow between subornata: COI haplotypes from were 10.4% divergent four sites, closely related all sampled six Bahamian islands, indicating historical introgression localized “mitochondrial capture.” Disruptive selective likely fueled divergence adaptation environments, may be an under-appreciated driver herbivores well epibionts other resource specialists.

Язык: Английский

---

Ecological adaptation in cod and herring and possible consequences of future climate change in the Baltic Sea

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10

Опубликована: Март 15, 2023

The Atlantic herring and cod are two marine fish species that have successfully adapted to the brackish Baltic Sea, former is able spawn in near-freshwater conditions inner Gulf of Bothnia. Here, we review state current knowledge concerning ecological adaptation make an attempt predict how they will be cope with future climate change. Previous whole genome sequencing studies revealed hundreds genetic loci underlying adaptation, including several show very strong associations variation salinity temperature. These results suggest existence standing available for a changing environment. However, although probably has potential adapt, its status also depends on change affect plankton production competing species, such as sprat three-spined stickleback. In cod, situation challenging, there only one true population, spawning east Bornholm then dispersing towards north. This population threatened by overfishing, low oxygen levels benthic waters generally bad physiological condition individual fish, addition being completely isolated from gene flow nearby populations at entrance Sea.

Язык: Английский

---

Ancestral Sperm Ecotypes Reveal Multiple Invasions of a Non-Native Fish in Northern Europe

Cells, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(7), С. 1743 - 1743

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2021

For externally fertilising organisms in the aquatic environment, abiotic fertilisation medium can be a strong selecting force. Among bony fishes, sperm are adapted to function narrow salinity range. A notable exception is family Gobiidae, where several species reproduce across wide The also contains wide-spread invasive species. To better understand how these fishes tolerate such varying conditions, we measured performance relation from freshwater and brackish population within their ancestral Ponto-Caspian region of round goby, Neogobius melanostomus. These two populations were then compared nine additional invaded sites northern Europe, both terms traits by using genomic SNP markers. Our results show clear patterns adaptations salinities performance. Population analyses that ecotypes have generally established themselves environments fit adaptations. Sites close ports with intense shipping outbreeding admixture affect given salinity. Rapid adaptation local conditions supported at some sites. Historical contemporary evolution goby cells tightly linked seascape genomics as well biogeographic processes fishes. Since risk establishing an area related genotype environment match, port connectivity ancestry likely useful for predicting spread.

Язык: Английский

---

The ecology and fishery of the vendace (Coregonus albula) in the Baltic Sea

Journal of Fish Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 103(6), С. 1463 - 1475

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2023

Brackish water ecosystems often have high primary production, intermediate salinities, and fluctuating physical conditions therefore provide challenging environments for many of their inhabitants. This is especially true the Baltic Sea, which a large body brackish under strong anthropogenic influence. One freshwater species that able to cope these in northern Sea vendace (Coregonus albula), small salmonid fish. Here, we review current knowledge its ecology fishery this environment. The literature shows that, by competing resources with other planktivores being an important prey range larger species, C. albula plays notable role ecosystem. It also sustains significant fisheries coastal waters Sweden Finland. We identify need better understand populations terms predator-prey interactions, distributions anadromous sea spawning putative (eco)morphs, extent gene exchange between populations, effects climate change on future. In regard, recommend strengthening albula-related research management efforts improved collaboration coordination institutions, governmental agencies, fishers, as well harmonization policies across national borders.

Язык: Английский

---

Host-associated genetic differentiation in the face of ongoing gene flow: ecological speciation in a pathogenic parasite of freshwater fish

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2024

Abstract Adaptation to varying environments, leading population divergence, is one of the key processes natural selection. However, its effectiveness amidst ongoing gene flow remains controversial. Our study explores this phenomenon by focusing on a tapeworm parasite ( Ligula intestinalis ), which capable parasitising wide spectrum fish species, overcoming their immunological defence and having highly pathogenic impact. We analysed genetic structure, degree flow, level genomic divergence between sympatrically occurring parasites from different cyprinid hosts. Utilising genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) transcriptome data, we investigated whether individual host species impose selection pressures populations. Genetic clustering analyses indicated infecting breams those in roaches, bleaks rudds. Historical demography modelling suggested that most plausible scenario for isolation with continuous flow. Selection analysis identified 896 SNPs under selection, exhibiting higher nucleotide diversity compared neutral loci. Transcriptome profiling corroborated these results, revealing distinct expression profiles two An in-depth examination selected differentially expressed genes revealed specific physiological functions, as candidates molecular mechanisms immune evasion and, thus, driving ecological speciation parasite. This showcases interplay specificity, disruptive speciation. By dissecting factors at play, gain better understanding facilitating presence

Язык: Английский

---

Connectivity and population structure in a marginal sea – a review

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2024

Abstract The current biodiversity crisis calls for conservation measures that limit the negative human impact on important habitats and sensitive wild populations. To effectively protect at all levels, including intraspecific diversity, should be aligned with connectivity genetic structure of In this review, we synthesise scientific literature population marine species in Skagerrak – a marginal sea northeast Atlantic Ocean. We discuss results relation to management practices region, as well general transferability our findings. is one most intensively studied regions within research field, findings show overall adjacent seas high, but asymmetric, species. Simultaneously, have populations distinct from both each other, those seas. Most associated convoluted coastline common among coastal between offshore many mobile species, multiple are temporally sympatric certain areas, retain their divergence through natal homing or other barriers gene flow. presence despite high challenge area-based protection measures, flexible also monitors diversity timescales.

Язык: Английский

---

Differential Effects of Food Restriction and Warming in the Two-Spotted Goby: Impaired Reproductive Performance and Stressed Offspring

Fishes, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(4), С. 194 - 194

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2022

Climate change is a growing threat to marine organisms and ecosystems, it already modifying ocean properties by, for example, increasing temperature decreasing pH. Increasing water may also lead an impairment of primary productivity overall depletion available zooplankton. Understanding how the crossover between warming zooplankton availability impacts fish populations has paramount implications conservation mitigation strategies. Through cross factorial design test effects food in temperate teleost, Pomatochistus flavescens, we showed that hindered feeding impacted sheltering avoidance behaviour. Also, low impaired reproduction, particularly male as expression cyp11b1, gene with pivotal role synthesis most important androgen, 11-ketotestosterone, was significantly reduced under regime. In contrast, alone did not affect reproductive success, but offspring increased saturated fatty acid content (embryos) lipid peroxidation (larvae). Altogether, had stronger effect on fitness, showing coping elevated temperatures, ability be expected shallow-water fish, can indirectly impacted, or even overwhelmed, by downstream ecological processes.

Язык: Английский

---

Pipefish Locally Adapted to Low Salinity in the Baltic Sea Retain Phenotypic Plasticity to Cope With Ancestral Salinity Levels

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9

Опубликована: Март 25, 2021

Genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity facilitate the migration into new habitats enable organisms to cope with a rapidly changing environment. In contrast genetic that spans multiple generations as an evolutionary process, allows acclimation within life-time of organism. are usually studied in isolation, however, only by including their interactive impact, we can understand nature. We aimed explore contribution coping abiotic (salinity) biotic ( Vibrio bacteria) stressor using six different populations broad-nosed pipefish Syngnathus typhle originated from either high [14–17 Practical Salinity Unit (PSU)] or low (7–11 PSU) saline environments along German coastline Baltic Sea. exposed wild caught animals, (15 (7 salinity, representing native novel salinity conditions allowed animals mate. After male pregnancy, offspring was split each half one two salinities infected alginolyticus bacteria were evolved at fully reciprocal design. investigated life-history traits fathers expression 47 target genes mothers offspring. Pregnant males originating highly susceptible opportunistic fungi infections resulting decreased size number. contrast, no signs fungal infection identified suggesting has potential overcome challenges encountered salinity. Offspring parents origin survived better addition, gene analyses juveniles indicated patterns local adaptation, trans -generational developmental plasticity. conclusion, our study suggests locally adapted environment, they retaining plasticity, which them also ancestral levels prevailing pathogens.

Язык: Английский

---

Ten years of marine evolutionary biology—Challenges and achievements of a multidisciplinary research initiative

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(2), С. 530 - 541

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2022

Abstract The Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology (CeMEB) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, was established in 2008 through a 10‐year research grant 8.7 m€ to team senior researchers. Today, CeMEB members have contributed >500 scientific publications, 30 PhD theses and organised 75 meetings courses, including 18 three‐day four conferences. What are footprints CeMEB, how will centre continue play national international role as an important node marine evolutionary research? In this perspective article, we first look back over 10 years activities briefly survey some many achievements CeMEB. We furthermore compare initial goals, formulated application, with what has been achieved, discuss challenges milestones along way. Finally, bring forward general lessons that can be learnt from funding type, also ahead, discussing CeMEB’s used springboard future biology.

Язык: Английский

---

Molecular, behavioural and morphological comparisons of sperm adaptations in a fish with alternative reproductive tactics

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(2), С. 338 - 353

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2022

In species with alternative reproductive tactics, there is much empirical support that parasitically spawning males have larger testes and greater sperm numbers as an evolved response to a higher degree of competition, but for performance (motility, longevity speed) by such inconsistent. We used the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus) test whether differed between breeding-coloured (small testes, large mucus-filled sperm-duct glands; build nests lined sperm-containing mucus, provide care) parasitic sneaker-morph (no breeding colouration, rudimentary no nest, care). compared motility (per cent motile sperm), velocity, sperm, gene expression morphometrics two morphs. also tested if gland contents affected performance. found clear difference in male morphs 109 transcripts differentially expressed Notably, several mucin genes were upregulated ATP-related males. There was partial evidence velocity males, motility. Presence significantly increased nonsignificantly tended increase motility, equally so The has remarkably long-lived only small or decline over time (5 min vs. 22 h), again, this true both Sperm length (head, flagella, total flagella-to-head ratio) did not differ correlate either morph. Thus, other than expression, we modest differences morphs, confirming previous findings adaptation competition primary target evolution.

Язык: Английский

---