Mechanisms of Thermal Tolerance in Reef-Building Corals across a Fine-Grained Environmental Mosaic: Lessons from Ofu, American Samoa

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 4

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2018

Environmental heterogeneity gives rise to phenotypic variation through a combination of plasticity and fixed genetic effects. For reef-building corals, understanding the relative roles acclimatization adaptation in generating thermal tolerance is fundamental predicting future response coral populations climate change. The temperature mosaic lagoon Ofu Island, American Samoa, represents an ideal natural laboratory for studying corals. Two adjacent back-reef pools 500 meters apart have different profiles: highly variable (HV) pool experiences temperatures that range from 24.5°C 35°C, whereas moderately (MV) ranges 25°C 32°C. Standardized heat stress tests shown corals native HV consistently higher levels bleaching resistance than those MV pool. In this review, we summarize research into mechanisms underlying resistance, focusing on important genus Acropora. Both occur strongly define differences between pools. Most individual shift physiology become more resistant when moved warmer Lab based show these shifts begin as little week are equally sparked by exposure periodic high constant temperatures. Genome-wide data gene expression wide variety genes co-regulated modules change after experimental stress, acclimatization, even short term environmental fluctuations. Population scans associations corals' its alleles at 100s 1000s nuclear no single confers strong effects within or species. Symbionts also tend differ species, reflection host genotype specific symbiont types. We conclude review placing work context parallel going other reefs ecosystems around world broader framework reef resilience face near

Язык: Английский

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The future is now: Amplicon sequencing and sequence capture usher in the conservation genomics era

Molecular Ecology Resources, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 19(4), С. 795 - 803

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2019

The genomics revolution has initiated a new era of population genetics where genome-wide data are frequently used to understand complex patterns structure and selection. However, the application genomic tools inform management conservation been somewhat rare outside few well studied species. Fortunately, two recently developed approaches, amplicon sequencing sequence capture, have potential significantly advance field genomics. Here, refers highly multiplexed PCR followed by high-throughput (e.g., GTseq), capture using probes isolate loci from reduced-representation libraries Rapture). Both approaches allow thousands individuals at relatively low costs, do not require any specialized equipment for library preparation, generate that can be analyzed without sophisticated computational infrastructure. we discuss advantages disadvantages each method provide decision framework geneticists who looking integrate these methods into their research programme. While it will always important consider specifics biological question system, believe is best suited projects aiming genotype <500 on many (>1,500) or species continued monitoring anticipated long-term pedigrees). Sequence other hand, applied including fewer >500 required. techniques should smooth transition traditional genetic genomics, helping usher in era.

Язык: Английский

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Recent advances in conservation and population genomics data analysis

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 11(8), С. 1197 - 1211

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2018

Abstract New computational methods and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) approaches have enabled the use of thousands or hundreds genetic markers to address previously intractable questions. The massive marker sets present both new data analysis challenges opportunities visualize, understand, apply population conservation genomic in novel ways. large scale complexity NGS also increases expertise effort required thoroughly thoughtfully analyze interpret data. To aid this endeavor, a recent workshop entitled “Population Genomic Data Analysis,” known as “ConGen 2017,” was held at University Montana. ConGen brought 15 instructors together with knowledge wide range topics including filtering, genome assembly, monitoring effective size, migration modeling, detecting adaptive variation, genomewide association analysis, inbreeding depression, landscape genomics. Here, we summarize major themes important take‐home points that were offered students throughout. We emphasize increasing participation by women genomics vital step for advancement science. Some emerged during included need visualization its importance finding problematic data, effects filtering choices on downstream analyses, availability whole‐genome sequencing, it presents. Our goal here is help motivate educate worldwide audience improve interpretation, thereby advance contribution molecular ecology, evolutionary biology, especially biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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Will human influences on evolutionary dynamics in the wild pervade the Anthropocene?

BMC Biology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2018

The five most pervasive anthropogenic threats to biodiversity are over-exploitation, habitat changes, climate change, invasive species, and pollution. Since all of these can affect intraspecific biodiversity—including genetic variation within populations—humans have the potential induce contemporary microevolution in wild populations. We highlight recent empirical studies that explored effects wild. conclude it is critical we move towards a predictive framework integrates better understanding multiple forecast fate natural populations changing world.

Язык: Английский

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Genomics and conservation units: The genetic basis of adult migration timing in Pacific salmonids

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 11(9), С. 1518 - 1526

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2018

It is now routinely possible to generate genomics-scale datasets for nonmodel species; however, many questions remain about how best use these data conservation and management. Some recent genomics studies of anadromous Pacific salmonids have reported a strong association between alleles at one or very few genes key life history trait (adult migration timing) that has played an important role in defining units. Publication results already spurred legal challenge the existing framework managing species, which was developed under paradigm most phenotypic traits are controlled by small effect, parallel evolution common. But what if can only be expressed specific allele present? Does current need modified account new results, as some propose? Although this real-world example focuses on salmonids, issues regarding inform us genetic basis traits, means applied conservation, much more general. In perspective, we consider outline general process used help types additional information would needed make informed decisions adequacy management frameworks.

Язык: Английский

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Copy number variants outperform SNPs to reveal genotype–temperature association in a marine species

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 29(24), С. 4765 - 4782

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2020

Abstract Copy number variants (CNVs) are a major component of genotypic and phenotypic variation in genomes. To date, our knowledge evolution has largely been acquired by means single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) analyses. Until recently, the adaptive role structural (SVs) particularly that CNVs overlooked wild populations, partly due to their challenging identification. Here, we document usefulness Rapture, derived reduced‐representation shotgun sequencing approach, detect investigate copy alongside SNPs American lobster ( Homarus americanus ) populations. We conducted comparative study examine potential local adaptation 1,141 lobsters from 21 sampling sites within southern Gulf St. Lawrence, which experiences highest yearly thermal variance Canadian marine coastal waters. Our results demonstrated account for higher genetic differentiation than SNP markers. Contrary SNPs, no significant genetic–environment association was found, 48 CNV candidates were significantly associated with annual sea surface temperature, leading clustering locations despite geographic separation. Altogether, provide strong empirical case putatively contribute species unveil stronger spatial signal population structure SNPs. provides nonmodel highlights importance considering enhance understanding ecological evolutionary processes shaping structure.

Язык: Английский

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Latitudinal biodiversity gradients at three levels: Linking species richness, population richness and genetic diversity

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 29(5), С. 770 - 788

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2020

Abstract Motivation Theory describing biodiversity gradients has focused on species richness with less conceptual synthesis outlining expectations for intraspecific diversity gradients, that is, broad‐scale population and genetic diversity. Consequently, there is a need diversity–gradient complements Review methods Species are the number of different or populations in an area, respectively. Population can be totalled across species, within averaged species. Genetic summed all area individual Using these definitions, we apply historical, ecological evolutionary frameworks to formulate predictions gradients. conclusions All suggest higher average at high latitudes, but similar total latitudes. Predictions patterns not consistent New analysis range size tends increase latitude, so used empirical data from c. 900 vertebrate test hypotheses relating was positively associated its species‐specific Furthermore, positive linear relationship supported between richness, only weakly richness. Overall conclusion Through lens theories, our identifies uncoupling many instances due historical contemporary factors. Range taxonomic differences appear play large role moderating We encourage further analyses jointly assess theory levels towards better understanding Earth’s distribution refining conservation.

Язык: Английский

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Spatially varying selection between habitats drives physiological shifts and local adaptation in a broadcast spawning coral on a remote atoll in Western Australia

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(17)

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2022

At the Rowley Shoals in Western Australia, prominent reef flat becomes exposed on low tide and stagnant water shallow atoll lagoons heats up, creating a natural laboratory for characterizing mechanisms of coral resilience to climate change. To explore these Acropora tenuis, we collected samples from lagoon slope habitats combined whole-genome sequencing, ITS2 metabarcoding, experimental heat stress, transcriptomics. Despite high gene flow across atoll, identified clear shifts allele frequencies between at relatively small linked genomic islands. Common garden stress assays showed corals be more resistant bleaching, RNA sequencing revealed marked differences baseline levels expression habitats. Our results provide new insight into complex change highlight potential spatially varying selection seascapes drive pronounced ecological divergence climate-related traits.

Язык: Английский

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Aquatic connectivity: challenges and solutions in a changing climate

Journal of Fish Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 105(2), С. 392 - 411

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2024

The challenge of managing aquatic connectivity in a changing climate is exacerbated the presence additional anthropogenic stressors, social factors, and economic drivers. Here we discuss these issues context structural functional for biodiversity, specifically fish, both freshwater marine realms. We posit that adaptive management strategies consider shifting baselines socio-ecological implications change will be required to achieve objectives. role renewable energy expansion, particularly hydropower, critically examined its impact on connectivity. advocate strategic spatial planning incorporates nature-positive solutions, ensuring mitigation efforts are harmonized with biodiversity conservation. underscore urgency integrating robust scientific modelling stakeholder values define clear, Finally, call innovative monitoring predictive decision-making tools navigate uncertainties inherent climate, goal resilience sustainability ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms of thermal adaptation and evolutionary potential of conspecific populations to changing environments

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 27(3), С. 659 - 674

Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2017

Heterogeneous and ever-changing thermal environments drive the evolution of populations species, especially when extreme conditions increase selection pressure for traits influencing fitness. However, projections biological diversity under scenarios climate change rarely consider evolutionary adaptive potential natural species. In this study, we tested mechanistic evidence adaptation among ecologically divergent redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) in cardiorespiratory function, cellular response genomic variation. a common garden environment, fish from an desert had significantly higher critical maximum (p < .05) broader optimum window aerobic scope (>3°C) than cooler montane climate. addition, population highest heart rate during warming (20% greater populations), indicating improved capacity to deliver oxygen internal tissues. acute heat stress, distinct sets cardiac genes were induced ecotypes, which helps explain differences function. Candidate markers underlying these physiological adaptations also pinpointed, such as involved stress metabolic activity (hsp40, ldh-b camkk2). These developed into multivariate model that not only accurately predicted maxima, but limit specific relative expected This study demonstrates mechanisms limitations aquatic species evolve changing can be incorporated advanced models predict ecological consequences organisms.

Язык: Английский

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