Plant hydraulics accentuates the effect of atmospheric moisture stress on transpiration

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(7), С. 691 - 695

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Fire and tree death: understanding and improving modeling of fire-induced tree mortality

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 13(11), С. 113004 - 113004

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2018

Each year wildland fires kill and injure trees on millions of forested hectares globally, affecting plant animal biodiversity, carbon storage, hydrologic processes, ecosystem services. The underlying mechanisms fire-caused tree mortality remain poorly understood, however, limiting the ability to accurately predict develop robust modeling applications, especially under novel future climates. Virtually all post-fire prediction systems are based same empirical model described in Ryan Reinhardt (1988 Can. J. For. Res. 18 1291–7), which was developed from a limited number species, stretching assumptions beyond intended limits. We review current understanding fire-induced mortality, provide recommended standardized terminology, describe applications limitations, conclude with key knowledge gaps directions for research. suggest two-pronged approach research: (1) continued improvements evaluations models quantify uncertainty incorporate new regions species (2) acceleration basic, physiological research proximate ultimate causes processes death into models. Advances both process will allow creation hybrid that could advance how fire injures kills trees, while improving accuracy fire-driven feedbacks ecosystems landscapes, particularly conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Why is Tree Drought Mortality so Hard to Predict?

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 36(6), С. 520 - 532

Опубликована: Март 2, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Self‐Densification of Highly Mesoporous Wood Structure into a Strong and Transparent Film

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 32(42)

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2020

In the native wood cell wall, cellulose microfibrils are highly aligned and organized in secondary wall. A new preparation strategy is developed to achieve individualization of within wall structure without introducing mechanical disintegration. The resulting mesoporous has a high specific surface area 197 m2 g-1 when prepared by freeze-drying using liquid nitrogen, 249 supercritical drying. These values 5 7 times higher than conventional delignified (36 ) dried Such with individualized maintaining their natural alignment organization can be processed into aerogels porosity compressive strength. addition, strong film tensile strength 449.1 ± 21.8 MPa Young's modulus 51.1 5.2 GPa along fiber direction obtained simply air drying owing self-densification driven elastocapillary forces upon water evaporation. self-densified also shows optical transmittance (80%) haze (70%) interesting biaxial light scattering behavior microfibrils.

Язык: Английский

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Root hydraulic phenotypes impacting water uptake in drying soils

Plant Cell & Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 45(3), С. 650 - 663

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2022

Soil drying is a limiting factor for crop production worldwide. Yet, it not clear how soil impacts water uptake across different soils, species, and root phenotypes. Here we ask (1) what phenotypes improve the use from soils? (2) hydraulic properties impact flow soil-plant continuum? The main objective to propose framework investigate interplay between on uptake. We collected highly resolved data transpiration, leaf potential 11 crops 10 contrasting textures. In drop in at soil-root interface resulted rapid decrease conductance, especially higher transpiration rates. analysis reveals that was limited by within wide range of (-6 -1000 kPa), depending both textures phenotype with low long roots and/or dense hairs postpones limitation soils. consequence these discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Wood density and hydraulic traits influence species’ growth response to drought across biomes

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(12), С. 3871 - 3882

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2022

Tree species display a wide variety of water-use strategies, growth rates and capacity to tolerate drought. However, if we want forecast cope with increasing aridity drought, need identify which measurable traits confer resilience drought across species. Here, use global tree ring network (65 species; 1931 site series ring-width indices-RWI) evaluate the relationship long-term growth-drought sensitivity (RWI-SPEI index relationship) short-term response extreme episodes (resistance, recovery indices) functional related leaf, wood hydraulic properties. Furthermore, assess influence climate (temperature, precipitation climatic water deficit) on these trait-growth relationships. We found close correspondence between RWI SPEI resistance severe episodes. Species displaying stronger RWI-SPEI low high tended have higher density (WD) more negative leaf minimum potential (Ψmin). Such associations were largely maintained when accounting for direct effects. Our results indicate that, at cross-species level scale, explain species' responses short- scales. These relationships can improve our understanding withstand change inform models better predict effects forest ecosystem dynamics.

Язык: Английский

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Enhanced Solar Evaporation Using a Scalable MoS₂‐Based Hydrogel for Highly Efficient Solar Desalination

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 61(37)

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2022

Interfacial photo-vapor conversion has been suggested as a cost-effective and sustainable technology for seawater desalination. However, the performance was still limited by some drawbacks, like salt accumulation poor mechanical stability. Herein, scalable MoS2 -based porous hydrogel (SMoS2 -PH) with good stability resistance successfully constructed through crosslinking foaming polymerization method. With high porosity (92.63 %), SMoS2 -PH performed an impressive evaporation rate of 3.297 kg m-2 h-1 photothermal efficiency 93.4 % under 1-sun illumination. Most importantly, could maintain stable properties 15 days on surface seawater. We believe that excellent resistance, efficiency, ease scale preparation method available commercial make promising device full-scale

Язык: Английский

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Salt Stress—Regulation of Root Water Uptake in a Whole-Plant and Diurnal Context

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(9), С. 8070 - 8070

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2023

This review focuses on the regulation of root water uptake in plants which are exposed to salt stress. Root is not considered isolation but viewed context other potential tolerance mechanisms plants—tolerance relate relations and gas exchange. Plants spend between one third half their lives dark, stress does stop with sunset, nor it start sunrise. Surprisingly, how deal during dark has received hardly any attention, yet growth response over days, weeks, months years integrative result perform numerous, consecutive day/night cycles. As we will show, dealing night a prerequisite coping day. We hope highlight this so much what know, do know; relates often some rather basic questions.

Язык: Английский

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Functional Status of Xylem Through Time

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 70(1), С. 407 - 433

Опубликована: Март 1, 2019

Water transport in vascular plants represents a critical component of terrestrial water cycles and supplies the needed for exchange CO2 atmosphere photosynthesis. Yet, many fundamental principles are difficult to assess given scale location plant xylem. Here we review mechanistic that underpin long-distance plants, with focus on woody species. We also discuss recent development noninvasive tools study functional status xylem networks planta. Limitations current methods detect drought-induced blockages (e.g., embolisms) quantify corresponding declines sap flow, coordination hydraulic dysfunction other physiological processes assessed. Future avenues research focused cross-validation hydraulics discussed, as well proposed shift theory methodology used characterize measure use.

Язык: Английский

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Fire effects on tree physiology

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 223(4), С. 1728 - 1741

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2019

Summary Heat injuries sustained in a fire can initiate cascade of complex mechanisms that affect the physiology trees after fires. Uncovering exact physiological and relating specific to whole‐plant ecosystem functioning is focus intense current research. Recent studies have made critical steps forward our understanding tree processes fires, suggested by which may interact with disturbances such as drought, insects pathogens. We outline conceptual framework unifies involved processes, their interconnections, possible feedbacks, contextualizes these responses existing hypotheses for disturbance effects on plants ecosystems. By focusing carbon water currencies plant functioning, we demonstrate fire‐induced cambium/phloem necrosis xylem damage be main effects. The resulting starvation hydraulic dysfunction are linked drought insect impacts. Evaluating precise process relationships will crucial fully how fires functionality, help improve risk assessment mortality model predictions. Especially considering future climate‐driven increases frequency intensity, knowledge important better estimate postfire dynamics interactions climate disturbances.

Язык: Английский

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