Analyses of a chromosome-scale genome assembly reveal the origin and evolution of cultivated chrysanthemum

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2023

Abstract Chrysanthemum ( morifolium Ramat.) is a globally important ornamental plant with great economic, cultural, and symbolic value. However, research on chrysanthemum challenging due to its complex genetic background. Here, we report near-complete assembly annotation for C. comprising 27 pseudochromosomes (8.15 Gb; scaffold N50 of 303.69 Mb). Comparative evolutionary analyses reveal whole-genome triplication (WGT) event shared by species approximately 6 million years ago (Mya) the possible lineage-specific polyploidization 3 Mya. Multilevel evidence suggests that likely segmental allopolyploid. Furthermore, combination genomics transcriptomics approaches demonstrate genome can be used identify genes underlying key traits. Phylogenetic analysis CmCCD4a traces flower colour breeding history cultivated chrysanthemum. Genomic resources generated from this study could help accelerate improvement.

Язык: Английский

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A second update to the checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 158(2), С. 297 - 340

Опубликована: Март 3, 2024

Critical and updated alien species inventories are crucial to properly manage contrast biological invasions. After 6 years, a second update the inventory of vascular flora Italy is presented. It provides details on occurrence at administrative regional level and, for first time, floristic data San Marino. The checklist includes 1782 taxa (1673 species, 28 subspecies, 69 hybrids 12 cultivar groups not attributable specific binomial), distributed in 786 genera 159 families; 2 lycophytes, 13 ferns fern allies, 37 gymnosperms 1730 angiosperms. Among these, 154 archaeophytes 1628 neophytes. currently established 899 (649 naturalized 250 invasive), while 796 casual aliens, 1 assessed, 38 have been confirmed recent times, 4 considered extinct or possibly country, 40 doubtfully occurring Italy, unknown distribution 110 reported by mistake be excluded national level. This allows establish an up-to-date number (10,023) constituting whole (either native alien) Italian flora.

Язык: Английский

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Chrysanthemum morifolium as a traditional herb: A review of historical development, classification, phytochemistry, pharmacology and application

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 330, С. 118198 - 118198

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2024

Язык: Английский

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A chromosome-level genome sequence of Chrysanthemum seticuspe, a model species for hexaploid cultivated chrysanthemum

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2021

Abstract Chrysanthemums are one of the most industrially important cut flowers worldwide. However, their segmental allopolyploidy and self-incompatibility have prevented application genetic analysis modern breeding strategies. We thus developed a model strain, Gojo-0 ( Chrysanthemum seticuspe ), which is diploid self-compatible pure line. Here, we present 3.05 Gb chromosome-level reference genome sequence, covered 97% C. genome. The contained more than 80% interspersed repeats, retrotransposons accounted for 72%. identified recent duplication retrotransposon expansion in , contributing to arelatively large size. Furthermore, family, SbdRT, was enriched gene-dense regions had experienced very transposition burst. also demonstrated that sequence facilitates positional cloning . obtained here can greatly contribute as chrysanthemum front-line including editing.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative and phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast genomes of four commonly used medicinal cultivars of Chrysanthemums morifolium

BMC Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 22, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The haplotype‐resolved genome of diploid Chrysanthemum indicum unveils new acacetin synthases genes and their evolutionary history

The Plant Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 119(3), С. 1336 - 1352

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024

SUMMARY Acacetin, a flavonoid compound, possesses wide range of pharmacological effects, including antimicrobial, immune regulation, and anticancer effects. Some key steps in its biosynthetic pathway were largely unknown flowering plants. Here, we present the first haplotype‐resolved genome Chrysanthemum indicum , whose dried flowers contain abundant flavonoids have been utilized as traditional Chinese medicine. Various phylogenetic analyses revealed almost equal proportion three tree topologies among species ( C. nankingense lavandulifolium ), indicating that frequent gene flow or incomplete lineage sorting due to rapid speciation might contribute conflict topologies. The expanded families associated with oxidative functions. Through comprehensive candidate screening, identified five O‐methyltransferase (FOMT) candidates, which highly expressed expressional levels significantly correlated content acacetin. Further experiments validated two FOMTs (CI02A009970 CI03A006662) capable catalyzing conversion apigenin into acacetin, these genes are possibly responsible acacetin accumulation disc florets young leaves, respectively. Furthermore, combined ancestral chromosome reconstruction trees distinct evolutionary fates FOMT genes. Our study provides new insights compounds Asteraceae family offers model for tracing origin routes single These findings will facilitate vitro production through cellular metabolic engineering expedite molecular breeding cultivars.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative analysis of complete chloroplast genomes of Synotis species (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) for identification and phylogenetic analysis

BMC Genomics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2024

The Synotis (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen is an ecologically important genus of the tribe Senecioneae, family Asteraceae. Because most species bear similar morphology, traditional morphological identification methods are very difficult to discriminate them. Therefore, it essential develop a reliable and effective method for species. In this study, complete chloroplast (cp.) genomes four species, S. cavaleriei (H.Lév.) Y.L. Chen, duclouxii (Dunn) nagensium (C.B. erythropappa (Bureau Franch.) had been sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology reported here.

Язык: Английский

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Phylogenomic and comparative analyses of Rheum (Polygonaceae, Polygonoideae)

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 60(6), С. 1229 - 1240

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2021

Abstract Species of Rheum have high medicinal value, with the center diversity in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) and adjacent regions. However, phylogenetic relationships are still unclear due to fragment markers providing insufficient informative loci. Here, we sequenced annotated plastomes nine species, compared genome structure among novel species along three published species. Comparative analyses revealed that share a relatively conserved structure. Five highly divergent regions ( accD , ccsA matK ndhF ndhH ) can be used as valuable molecular for further delimitation population genetic studies. Twenty‐two accessions representing 17 were analysis, which generated robust tree two major clades within . Phylogenetic results showed glasshouse structures cushions parallel evolution during adaptation similar environments. Inconsistent topology between concatenated coalescent methods was detected, implying incomplete lineage sorting hybridization may occurred evolutionary history Divergence time estimation based on fossil calibrations secondary Miocene middle Oligocene origin Our study provides genomic resources medicinally important genus while gaining helpful insights into its systematics evolution.

Язык: Английский

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Cytogenetic diversity of the diploid Korean wild Chrysanthemum (Asteraceae) inferred from genome size variations and chromosomal distributions of 5 S and 18 S rDNAs

BMC Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2025

The genus Chrysanthemum (Asteraceae) consists of a series polyploids, ranging from diploid (2x) to decaploid (10x), with basic chromosome number x = 9. They vary widely within and among species owing natural hybridization polyploidization in habitats, this has made recognizing the taxonomic boundaries them difficult. Karyotype analysis been played powerful methodology investigate cytogenetic difference plant but it was not applicable define boundary discuss their relationship Korean because unstable karyotypes species. In study, 28 populations Chrysanthemum, which were identified based on morphological characteristics, collected habitats understand relationships at level. We measured genome size compared karyotype distribution pattern two ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs) using FISH (fluorescence situ hybridization). results confirmed that C. zawadskii had smaller 1 C values than boreale indicum did even for infraspecific variations. showed 5 S 18 rDNA genes present one pairs (cytotype I) regardless differences observed individual karyotypes. contrast, pair commonly different chromosomes boreale, indicum, intermediate-type populations. case genes, major types three or four short arms (cytotypes II IV), an additional signal detected few individuals III). total, five cytotypes including cytotype V, only colocalized signals 4. Consequently, we concluded white ray flowers cytogenetically distinguished whereas there no distinctive features between yellow flowers.

Язык: Английский

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The Maternal Donor of Chrysanthemum Cultivars Revealed by Comparative Analysis of the Chloroplast Genome

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2022

Chrysanthemum ( morifolium Ramat) is an important floricultural crop and medicinal herb. Modern chrysanthemum cultivars have complex genetic backgrounds because of multiple cycles hybridization, polyploidization, prolonged cultivation. Understanding the background hybrid origin modern can provide pivotal information for improvement breeding. By now, cultivated chrysanthemums remains unclear. In this study, 36 common from across world wild relatives were studied to identify maternal donor chrysanthemum. Chloroplast (cp) genomes assembled compared with those relatives. The structure cp was highly conserved among Phylogenetic analyses based on showed that all grouped together shared 64 substitutions distinct their These results indicated a diverged lineage genus , which most likely extinct or un-sampled species/population, provided source cultivars. findings insights into cultivars, valuable markers breeding programs.

Язык: Английский

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