bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2023
Zymoseptoria
tritici
incites
Septoria
blotch,
a
disease
causing
significant
annual
yield
losses
in
wheat.
To
investigate
infection
phase-specific
gene
expression
the
pathogen
we
analyzed
during
of
susceptible
(Taichung
29)
and
resistant
(Veranopolis
Israel
493)
wheat
cultivars,
plus
non-host
species
barley
at
1,
3,
6,
10,
17
23
days
post-inoculation
(DPI).
There
were
dramatic
differences
10
DPI
compatible
compared
to
both
incompatible
interactions.
The
largest
occurred
3
interactions
interaction.
Thirty-one
putative
effectors
had
early
Subsequent
subcellular
localization
studies
using
Agrobacterium
-mediated
transient
Nicotiana
benthamiana
revealed
that
most
candidate
localized
nucleus
cytosol,
two
mobile
cytosolic
bodies,
suggesting
involvement
intracellular
signaling
or
host
regulation.
Mycgr3109710,
which
belongs
non-plant
PR-1-like
protein
family
implicated
virulence
other
pathogens.
Comparison
hosts,
an
initial
colonization
is
established,
versus
species,
allowed
us
identify
genes
involved
establishing
infection.
identified
transition
from
biotrophic
necrotrophic
growth
DPI.
In
addition,
contribute
understanding
are
activated
might
be
plant
immunity
suppression.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2024
Melatonin,
a
multifunctional
class
of
natural
products,
has
demonstrated
antifungal
activity,
making
it
promising
candidate
for
developing
agents.
The
mitogen-activated
protein
kinase
(Mps1)
within
fungal
pathogens
target
inhibitory
effect
melatonin
in
fungi.
We
use
virtual
screening
strategy
to
design
derivatives
based
on
the
melatonin-Mps1
targeting
model.
Of
these,
multiflorane-substitution
compound
M-12
emerges
as
potent
agent,
exhibiting
broad-spectrum
efficacy
against
eight
phytopathogenic
species,
and
effectively
reduces
severity
tomato
gray
mold,
Fusarium
head
blight
wheat,
Sclerotinia
stem
rot
rape,
peach
brown
rot.
half-maximal
effective
concentration
values
(5.50
μM
Botrytis
cinerea,
5.21
graminearum,
10.6
Rhizoctonia
solani,
9.02
sclerotiorum)
are
better
than
those
commercial
fungicide
azoxystrobin
(55.0,
23.2,
46.5,
17.7
μM,
respectively).
Antifungal
activity
enantiomer
(S)-M-12
(5.02
μM)
is
significantly
greater
its
(R)-enantiomer
(23.6
B.
cinerea.
Molecular
docking
transcriptome
analysis
reveal
that
achieves
effects
by
inhibiting
Mps1
kinase,
thereby
suppressing
growth
virulence.
Journal of Fungi,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
11(4), С. 308 - 308
Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2025
Fusarium
wilt
caused
by
oxysporum
f.
sp.
cubense
tropical
race
4
(Foc
TR4)
is
the
most
destructive
disease
of
banana.
Effectors
play
a
crucial
role
in
Foc
TR4–banana
interaction;
however,
only
few
effectors
have
been
functionally
characterized.
Our
previous
secretome
studies
on
TR4
highlighted
an
uncharacterized
protein
without
any
conserved
domains
(named
FoUpe9),
which
was
predicted
to
be
candidate
effector.
Herein,
bioinformatics
analysis
showed
that
FoUpe9
highly
among
species.
induced
during
early
infection
stages
A
yeast
signal
sequence
trap
assay
secretory
protein.
could
inhibit
cell
death
and
ROS
accumulation
triggered
BAX
through
Agrobacterium-mediated
Nicotiana
benthamiana
expression
system.
Subcellular
location
located
nucleus
cytoplasm
N.
cells.
Deletion
gene
did
not
affect
mycelial
growth,
conidiation,
sensitivity
cell-wall
integrity,
or
osmotic
oxidative
stress,
but
significantly
attenuated
fungal
virulence.
deletion
diminished
colonization
production
SA-related
defense
genes
banana
plants.
These
results
suggest
enhances
virulence
inhibiting
host
immune
responses
provide
new
insights
into
functions
proteins,
further
enhancing
our
understanding
effector-mediated
pathogenesis.
Abstract
Poplar
canker,
caused
by
the
fungus
Cytospora
chrysosperma
,
results
in
tremendous
losses
poplar
plantations
China.
Although
NADPH
oxidases
(NOXs)
play
important
roles
development
and
pathogenicity
of
several
pathogenic
fungi,
their
C.
remain
unclear.
In
this
study,
we
characterized
three
NOX
genes
(
CcNox1
CcNox2
CcNoxR
)
.
All
were
highly
upregulated
during
branch
infection,
deletion
any
them
severely
reduced
virulence
on
branches.
Furthermore,
either
or
resulted
a
significant
increase
endogenous
reactive
oxygen
species
production
hyphae,
enhanced
influx
Ca
2+
disruption
redox
homeostasis
compromised
mitochondrial
integrity.
Moreover,
biosynthesis
secretion
known
factor
oxalic
acid
was
obviously
defective
exogenous
supplementation
rescued
mutants.
Taken
together,
our
findings
reveal
that
NOXs
homeostasis,
integrity
Abstract
Background
The
fungus
Parastagonospora
nodorum
causes
septoria
blotch
(SNB)
of
wheat
(
Triticum
aestivum
)
and
is
a
model
species
for
necrotrophic
plant
pathogens.
genome
assembly
reference
isolate
Sn15
was
first
reported
in
2007.
P.
infection
promoted
by
its
production
proteinaceous
effectors,
three
which
are
characterised
–
ToxA,
Tox1
Tox3.
Results
A
chromosome-scale
Australian
Sn15,
combined
long
read
sequencing,
optical
mapping
manual
curation,
produced
23
chromosomes
with
21
possessing
both
telomeres.
New
transcriptome
data
were
fungal-specific
gene
prediction
techniques
curation
to
produce
high-quality
predicted
annotation
dataset,
comprises
13,869
high
confidence
genes,
an
additional
2534
lower
genes
retained
assist
pathogenicity
effector
discovery.
Comparison
panel
31
internationally-sourced
isolates
identified
multiple
hotspots
within
the
mutation
or
presence-absence
variation,
used
enhance
subsequent
prediction.
Effector
resulted
257
candidates,
98
higher-ranked
candidates
selected
in-depth
analysis
revealed
wealth
functions
related
pathogenicity.
Additionally,
11
out
also
exhibited
orthology
conservation
patterns
that
suggested
lateral
transfer
other
cereal-pathogenic
fungal
species.
Analysis
pan-genome
indicated
smallest
chromosome
0.4
Mbp
length
be
accessory
(AC23).
AC23
notably
absent
from
avirulent
predominated
increase
non-synonymous
mutations
relative
chromosomes.
Surprisingly,
deficient
but
contained
several
redundant
pathogenicity-related
functions.
Conclusions
We
present
updated
series
genomic
resources
important
necrotroph
comprehensive
survey
content.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2021
To
successfully
colonize
the
plants,
pathogenic
microbes
secrete
a
mass
of
effector
proteins
which
manipulate
host
immunity.
Apple
valsa
canker
is
destructive
disease
caused
by
weakly
parasitic
fungus
Valsa
mali.
A
previous
study
indicated
that
V.
mali
protein
1
(VmEP1)
an
essential
virulence
factor.
However,
mechanism
VmEP1
in
remains
poorly
understood.
In
this
study,
we
found
apple
(Malus
domestica)
pathogenesis-related
10
(MdPR10)
are
target
using
yeast
two-hybrid
screening.
By
bimolecular
fluorescence
(BiFC)
and
coimmunoprecipitation
(Co-IP),
confirmed
interacts
with
MdPR10
vivo.
Silencing
notably
enhanced
infection,
overexpression
markedly
reduced
its
corroborates
positive
role
plant
immunity
against
Furthermore,
showed
co-expression
compromised
MdPR10-mediated
resistance
to
Taken
together,
our
results
revealed
suppresses
immune
responses
interfering
during
infection.
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
36(12), С. 779 - 795
Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2023
Fungal
effectors
play
critical
roles
in
manipulating
plant
immune
responses
and
promoting
colonization.
Sphaerulina
musiva
is
a
heterothallic
ascomycete
fungus
that
causes
Septoria
leaf
spot
stem
canker
disease
poplar
(Populus
spp.)
plantations.
This
can
result
premature
defoliation,
branch
breakage,
increased
mortality,
plantation
failure.
However,
little
known
about
the
interaction
between
S.
poplar.
Previous
work
predicted
142
candidate
secreted
effector
proteins
(SmCSEPs),
19
of
which
were
selected
for
further
functional
characterization
this
study.
SmCSEP3
induced
cell
death
Nicotiana
benthamiana,
while
8
out
tested
SmCSEPs
suppressed
death.
The
signal
peptides
these
eight
exhibited
secretory
activity
yeast
sequence
trap
assay.
Confocal
microscopy
revealed
four
target
both
cytoplasm
nucleus,
whereas
predominantly
localize
to
discrete
punctate
structures.
Pathogen
challenge
assays
N.
benthamiana
demonstrated
transient
expression
six
promoted
Fusarium
proliferatum
infection.
SmCSEP
genes
during
SmCSEP2,
SmCSEP13,
SmCSEP25
chitin-triggered
reactive
oxygen
species
burst
callose
deposition
benthamiana.
multiple
compartments
modulate
different
pattern-triggered
immunity
pathways.
[Formula:
see
text]
author(s)
have
dedicated
public
domain
under
Creative
Commons
CC0
"No
Rights
Reserved"
license
by
waiving
all
his
or
her
rights
worldwide
copyright
law,
including
related
neighboring
rights,
extent
allowed
2023.
Phytopathology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
110(7), С. 1319 - 1325
Опубликована: Март 10, 2020
Poplar
Cytospora
canker,
which
is
mainly
caused
by
chrysosperma,
one
of
the
most
destructive
and
widespread
tree
diseases
worldwide.
Although
oxalic
acid
(OA)
demonstrated
as
an
important
virulence
determinant
in
several
necrotrophic
fungi,
specific
functions
OA
during
pathogenesis
remain
controversial.
Here,
we
identified
three
genes
(CcOah,
CcOdc1,
CcOdc2)
directly
involved
biosynthesis
catabolism
C.
chrysosperma.
We
that
CcOah
required
for
biogenesis.
All
were
found
to
be
highly
upregulated
early
infection
stages
poplar
stem.
The
deletion
any
led
obvious
reduction
pycnidial
production
but
no
abnormality
hyphal
growth
morphology.
Furthermore,
individual
strain
exhibited
significantly
limited
lesion
sizes
on
twigs
leaves.
Exogenous
application
or
citric
can
complement
defects
ΔCcOah
ΔCcOdc1
strains.
further
strongly
promoted
reactive
oxygen
species
burst
leaves
infection.
Finally,
induced
secretion
was
observed
monitoring
color
change
plates
after
stem
extracts
added
cultures;
however,
failed
quantify
concentration
high-performance
liquid
chromatography.
Taken
together,
present
results
provide
insights
into
function
acting
factor
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
22(2), С. 552 - 552
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2021
Fungal
effectors
play
important
roles
in
host–pathogen
interactions.
Botryosphaeria
dothidea
is
an
ascomycetous
fungus
that
responsible
for
the
diseases
of
hundreds
woody
plant
species,
including
apple
ring
rot,
which
seriously
affects
apples
worldwide.
However,
little
known
about
B.
dothidea.
In
this
study,
we
analyzed
genome
and
predicted
320
candidate
effector
genes,
124
were
successfully
amplified
cloned.
We
investigated
effects
these
genes
on
cell
death
Nicotiana
benthamiana
while
using
a
transient
expression
system.
Twenty-four
hours
after
initial
inoculation
with
Agrobacterium
tumefaciens
cells
carrying
effectors,
infiltrated
leaves
challenged
A.
BAX
gene.
total,
116
completely
inhibited,
one
partially
programmed
(PCD)
N.
induced
by
BAX,
whereas
seven
had
no
effect.
then
further
tested
able
to
suppress
BAX-triggered
PCD
(BT-PCD)
found
they
all
inhibited
triggered
elicitors
INF1,
MKK1,
NPK1.
This
result
suggests
activated
order
pathogen-associated
molecular
pattern-triggered
immunity.
The
signal
peptides
exhibited
secretory
activity
yeast
(pSUC2
vector).
Moreover,
respective
deletion
Bdo_11198
Bdo_12090
significantly
reduced
virulence
These
results
suggest
interaction
its
hosts.
Conserved
effectors
produced
by
phytopathogens
play
critical
roles
in
plant-microbe
interactions.
NIS1-like
proteins
represent
a
newly
identified
family
of
distributed
multiple
fungal
species.
However,
their
biological
functions
majority
pathogenic
fungi
remain
largely
elusive
and
require
further
investigation.
In
this
study,
we
characterized
two
VmNIS1
VmNIS2
from
Valsa
mali,
the
causal
agent
apple
canker.
Both
these
were
predicted
to
be
secreted.
Using
agroinfiltration,
found
that
induced
intense
cell
death,
whereas
suppressed
INF1
elicitin-triggered
death
Nicotiana
benthamiana.
Treatment
N.
benthamiana
with
recombinant
protein
Escherichia
coli
activated
series
immune
responses
enhanced
plant
disease
resistance
against
Phytophthora
capsici.
contrast,
promoted
P.
capsici
infection
when
transiently
expressed
shown
highly
at
late
stage
V.
mali
infection.
By
individually
knocking
out
genes
however,
only
was
required
for
pathogen
virulence
as
well
tolerance
oxidative
stress.
Notably,
showed
C-terminal
extension
essential
recognition
may
escape
detection
via
sequence
truncation.
Our
data
collectively
indicate
distinct
virulence,
which
provided
new
insights
into
function