Roles of NADPH oxidases in regulating redox homeostasis and pathogenesis of the poplar canker fungus Cytospora chrysosperma

Stress Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Май 8, 2025

Abstract Poplar canker, caused by the fungus Cytospora chrysosperma , results in tremendous losses poplar plantations China. Although NADPH oxidases (NOXs) play important roles development and pathogenicity of several pathogenic fungi, their C. remain unclear. In this study, we characterized three NOX genes ( CcNox1 CcNox2 CcNoxR ) . All were highly upregulated during branch infection, deletion any them severely reduced virulence on branches. Furthermore, either or resulted a significant increase endogenous reactive oxygen species production hyphae, enhanced influx Ca 2+ disruption redox homeostasis compromised mitochondrial integrity. Moreover, biosynthesis secretion known factor oxalic acid was obviously defective exogenous supplementation rescued mutants. Taken together, our findings reveal that NOXs homeostasis, integrity

Язык: Английский

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Chromosome-level genome assembly and manually-curated proteome of model necrotroph Parastagonospora nodorum Sn15 reveals a genome-wide trove of candidate effector homologs, and redundancy of virulence-related functions within an accessory chromosome

BMC Genomics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Май 25, 2021

Abstract Background The fungus Parastagonospora nodorum causes septoria blotch (SNB) of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) and is a model species for necrotrophic plant pathogens. genome assembly reference isolate Sn15 was first reported in 2007. P. infection promoted by its production proteinaceous effectors, three which are characterised – ToxA, Tox1 Tox3. Results A chromosome-scale Australian Sn15, combined long read sequencing, optical mapping manual curation, produced 23 chromosomes with 21 possessing both telomeres. New transcriptome data were fungal-specific gene prediction techniques curation to produce high-quality predicted annotation dataset, comprises 13,869 high confidence genes, an additional 2534 lower genes retained assist pathogenicity effector discovery. Comparison panel 31 internationally-sourced isolates identified multiple hotspots within the mutation or presence-absence variation, used enhance subsequent prediction. Effector resulted 257 candidates, 98 higher-ranked candidates selected in-depth analysis revealed wealth functions related pathogenicity. Additionally, 11 out also exhibited orthology conservation patterns that suggested lateral transfer other cereal-pathogenic fungal species. Analysis pan-genome indicated smallest chromosome 0.4 Mbp length be accessory (AC23). AC23 notably absent from avirulent predominated increase non-synonymous mutations relative chromosomes. Surprisingly, deficient but contained several redundant pathogenicity-related functions. Conclusions We present updated series genomic resources important necrotroph comprehensive survey content.

Язык: Английский

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A Valsa mali Effector Protein 1 Targets Apple (Malus domestica) Pathogenesis-Related 10 Protein to Promote Virulence

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2021

To successfully colonize the plants, pathogenic microbes secrete a mass of effector proteins which manipulate host immunity. Apple valsa canker is destructive disease caused by weakly parasitic fungus Valsa mali. A previous study indicated that V. mali protein 1 (VmEP1) an essential virulence factor. However, mechanism VmEP1 in remains poorly understood. In this study, we found apple (Malus domestica) pathogenesis-related 10 (MdPR10) are target using yeast two-hybrid screening. By bimolecular fluorescence (BiFC) and coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP), confirmed interacts with MdPR10 vivo. Silencing notably enhanced infection, overexpression markedly reduced its corroborates positive role plant immunity against Furthermore, showed co-expression compromised MdPR10-mediated resistance to Taken together, our results revealed suppresses immune responses interfering during infection.

Язык: Английский

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Small secreted effector protein from Fusarium sacchari suppresses host immune response by inhibiting ScPi21‐induced cell death

Molecular Plant Pathology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Fusarium sacchari is one of the primary pathogens causing pokkah boeng disease, which impairs yield and quality sugarcane around world. Understanding molecular mechanisms F. effectors that regulate plant immunity great importance for development novel strategies persistent control disease. In a previous study, Fs00367 was identified to inhibit BAX-induced cell death. this Fs00367nsp (without signal peptide) found suppress death, reactive oxygen species bursts callose accumulation. The amino acid region 113-142 functional region. Gene mutagenesis indicated important full virulence sacchari. A yeast two-hybrid assay revealed an interaction between ScPi21 in further confirmed using bimolecular fluorescence complementation, pull-down co-immunoprecipitation. can induce immunity, but effect could be blunted by Fs00367nsp. These results suggest core pathogenicity factor suppresses through inhibiting ScPi21-induced findings study provide new insights into regulating immunity.

Язык: Английский

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Mps1–Targeted Molecular Design of Melatonin for Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Agent Discovery

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2024

Melatonin, a multifunctional class of natural products, has demonstrated antifungal activity, making it promising candidate for developing agents. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (Mps1) within fungal pathogens target inhibitory effect melatonin in fungi. We use virtual screening strategy to design derivatives based on the melatonin-Mps1 targeting model. Of these, multiflorane-substitution compound M-12 emerges as potent agent, exhibiting broad-spectrum efficacy against eight phytopathogenic species, and effectively reduces severity tomato gray mold, Fusarium head blight wheat, Sclerotinia stem rot rape, peach brown rot. half-maximal effective concentration values (5.50 μM Botrytis cinerea, 5.21 graminearum, 10.6 Rhizoctonia solani, 9.02 sclerotiorum) are better than those commercial fungicide azoxystrobin (55.0, 23.2, 46.5, 17.7 μM, respectively). Antifungal activity enantiomer (S)-M-12 (5.02 μM) is significantly greater its (R)-enantiomer (23.6 B. cinerea. Molecular docking transcriptome analysis reveal that achieves effects by inhibiting Mps1 kinase, thereby suppressing growth virulence.

Язык: Английский

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DsEcp2-1 is a polymorphic effector that restricts growth of Dothistroma septosporum in pine

Fungal Genetics and Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 135, С. 103300 - 103300

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Secreted Effector Proteins of Poplar Leaf Spot and Stem Canker Pathogen Sphaerulina musiva Manipulate Plant Immunity and Contribute to Virulence in Diverse Ways

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 36(12), С. 779 - 795

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2023

Fungal effectors play critical roles in manipulating plant immune responses and promoting colonization. Sphaerulina musiva is a heterothallic ascomycete fungus that causes Septoria leaf spot stem canker disease poplar (Populus spp.) plantations. This can result premature defoliation, branch breakage, increased mortality, plantation failure. However, little known about the interaction between S. poplar. Previous work predicted 142 candidate secreted effector proteins (SmCSEPs), 19 of which were selected for further functional characterization this study. SmCSEP3 induced cell death Nicotiana benthamiana, while 8 out tested SmCSEPs suppressed death. The signal peptides these eight exhibited secretory activity yeast sequence trap assay. Confocal microscopy revealed four target both cytoplasm nucleus, whereas predominantly localize to discrete punctate structures. Pathogen challenge assays N. benthamiana demonstrated transient expression six promoted Fusarium proliferatum infection. SmCSEP genes during SmCSEP2, SmCSEP13, SmCSEP25 chitin-triggered reactive oxygen species burst callose deposition benthamiana. multiple compartments modulate different pattern-triggered immunity pathways. [Formula: see text] author(s) have dedicated public domain under Creative Commons CC0 "No Rights Reserved" license by waiving all his or her rights worldwide copyright law, including related neighboring rights, extent allowed 2023.

Язык: Английский

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Oxalic Acid Metabolism Contributes to Full Virulence and Pycnidial Development in the Poplar Canker Fungus Cytospora chrysosperma

Phytopathology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 110(7), С. 1319 - 1325

Опубликована: Март 10, 2020

Poplar Cytospora canker, which is mainly caused by chrysosperma, one of the most destructive and widespread tree diseases worldwide. Although oxalic acid (OA) demonstrated as an important virulence determinant in several necrotrophic fungi, specific functions OA during pathogenesis remain controversial. Here, we identified three genes (CcOah, CcOdc1, CcOdc2) directly involved biosynthesis catabolism C. chrysosperma. We that CcOah required for biogenesis. All were found to be highly upregulated early infection stages poplar stem. The deletion any led obvious reduction pycnidial production but no abnormality hyphal growth morphology. Furthermore, individual strain exhibited significantly limited lesion sizes on twigs leaves. Exogenous application or citric can complement defects ΔCcOah ΔCcOdc1 strains. further strongly promoted reactive oxygen species burst leaves infection. Finally, induced secretion was observed monitoring color change plates after stem extracts added cultures; however, failed quantify concentration high-performance liquid chromatography. Taken together, present results provide insights into function acting factor

Язык: Английский

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Candidate Effectors from Botryosphaeria dothidea Suppress Plant Immunity and Contribute to Virulence

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(2), С. 552 - 552

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2021

Fungal effectors play important roles in host–pathogen interactions. Botryosphaeria dothidea is an ascomycetous fungus that responsible for the diseases of hundreds woody plant species, including apple ring rot, which seriously affects apples worldwide. However, little known about B. dothidea. In this study, we analyzed genome and predicted 320 candidate effector genes, 124 were successfully amplified cloned. We investigated effects these genes on cell death Nicotiana benthamiana while using a transient expression system. Twenty-four hours after initial inoculation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells carrying effectors, infiltrated leaves challenged A. BAX gene. total, 116 completely inhibited, one partially programmed (PCD) N. induced by BAX, whereas seven had no effect. then further tested able to suppress BAX-triggered PCD (BT-PCD) found they all inhibited triggered elicitors INF1, MKK1, NPK1. This result suggests activated order pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity. The signal peptides exhibited secretory activity yeast (pSUC2 vector). Moreover, respective deletion Bdo_11198 Bdo_12090 significantly reduced virulence These results suggest interaction its hosts.

Язык: Английский

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Two NIS1-like proteins from apple canker pathogen (Valsa mali) play distinct roles in plant recognition and pathogen virulence

Stress Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2022

Conserved effectors produced by phytopathogens play critical roles in plant-microbe interactions. NIS1-like proteins represent a newly identified family of distributed multiple fungal species. However, their biological functions majority pathogenic fungi remain largely elusive and require further investigation. In this study, we characterized two VmNIS1 VmNIS2 from Valsa mali, the causal agent apple canker. Both these were predicted to be secreted. Using agroinfiltration, found that induced intense cell death, whereas suppressed INF1 elicitin-triggered death Nicotiana benthamiana. Treatment N. benthamiana with recombinant protein Escherichia coli activated series immune responses enhanced plant disease resistance against Phytophthora capsici. contrast, promoted P. capsici infection when transiently expressed shown highly at late stage V. mali infection. By individually knocking out genes however, only was required for pathogen virulence as well tolerance oxidative stress. Notably, showed C-terminal extension essential recognition may escape detection via sequence truncation. Our data collectively indicate distinct virulence, which provided new insights into function

Язык: Английский

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