Adjustments and coordination of hydraulic, leaf and stem traits along a water availability gradient

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 223(2), С. 632 - 646

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2019

Trait variability in space and time allows plants to adjust changing environmental conditions. However, we know little about how this is distributed coordinated at different organizational levels. For six dominant tree species northeastern Spain (three Fagaceae three Pinaceae) quantified the inter- intraspecific of a set traits along water availability gradient. We measured leaf mass per area (LMA), nitrogen (N) concentration, carbon isotope composition leaves (δ13 C), stem wood density, Huber value (Hv, ratio cross-sectional sapwood area), sapwood-specific leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity, vulnerability xylem embolism (P50 ) turgor loss point (Ptlp ). Differences between families explained largest amount for most traits, although was also relevant. Species occupying wetter sites showed higher N, P50 Ptlp , lower LMA, δ13 C Hv. when trait relationships with were assessed within they held only Hv . Overall, our results indicate that adjustments gradient relied primarily on changes resource allocation relations.

Язык: Английский

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Arctic tundra shrubification: a review of mechanisms and impacts on ecosystem carbon balance

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 16(5), С. 053001 - 053001

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2021

Abstract Vegetation composition shifts, and in particular, shrub expansion across the Arctic tundra are some of most important widely observed responses high-latitude ecosystems to rapid climate warming. These changes vegetation potentially alter ecosystem carbon balances by affecting a complex set soil–plant–atmosphere interactions. In this review, we synthesize literature on (a) expansion, (b) key climatic environmental controls mechanisms that affect (c) impacts balance, (d) research gaps future directions improve process representations land models. A broad range evidence, including in-situ observations, warming experiments, remotely sensed indices have shown increases growth abundance woody plants, particularly tall deciduous shrubs, advancing shrublines circumpolar Arctic. This recent is affected several interacting factors warming, accelerated nutrient cycling, changing disturbance regimes, local variation topography hydrology. Under warmer conditions, shrubs can be more competitive than other plant functional types because their taller maximum canopy heights often dense structure. Competitive abilities vs herbaceous plants also controlled traits investments retention strategies leaves, stems, roots. Overall, may enhancing uptake altering respiration, through feedback snowpack dynamics, permafrost degradation, surface energy litter inputs. Observed projected subsequent effects feedbacks system. Land models, those integrated Earth System Models, need account for differences control interactions accurately predict decadal- centennial-scale dynamics.

Язык: Английский

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How adaptable is the hydraulic system of European beech in the face of climate change‐related precipitation reduction?

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 210(2), С. 443 - 458

Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2015

Summary Climate warming will increase the drought exposure of many forests world‐wide. It is not well understood how trees adapt their hydraulic architecture to a long‐term decrease in water availability. We examined 23 traits characterizing and growth rate branches dependent foliage mature European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) along precipitation gradient (855–594 mm yr −1 on uniform soil. A main goal was identify that are associated with xylem efficiency, safety growth. Our data demonstrate for first time linear embolism resistance climatic aridity (by 10%) across populations within species. Simultaneously, vessel diameter declined by 7% pit membrane thickness T m increased 15%. Although specific conductivity did change, leaf‐specific 40% decreasing precipitation. Of eight plant commonly resistance, only density combination pathway redundancy were related. confirm widely assumed trade‐off between efficiency but obtained evidence support positive relationship conclude branch system has distinct adaptive potential respond reduction as result environmental control resistance.

Язык: Английский

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Incorporating local adaptation into forecasts of species’ distribution and abundance under climate change

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 25(3), С. 775 - 793

Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2018

Abstract Populations of many species are genetically adapted to local historical climate conditions. Yet most forecasts species’ distributions under change have ignored adaptation (LA), which may paint a false picture how will respond across their geographic ranges. We review recent studies that incorporated intraspecific variation, potential proxy for LA, into distribution forecasts, assess strengths and weaknesses, make recommendations improve in the face LA. The three methods used so far (species models, response functions, mechanistic models) reflect trade‐off between data availability ability rigorously demonstrate LA climate. identify key considerations incorporating currently missing from published studies, including testing spatial scale pattern confounding effects nonclimatic or biotic drivers, need incorporate empirically based dispersal gene flow processes. suggest approaches better evaluate these aspects on species‐level forecasts. In particular, we highlight demographic dynamic evolutionary models as promising integrate emphasize importance independent model validation. Finally, urge closer examination alter responses central vs. marginal populations allow stronger generalizations about changes abundance

Язык: Английский

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Drought timing and local climate determine the sensitivity of eastern temperate forests to drought

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 24(6), С. 2339 - 2351

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2018

Abstract Projected changes in temperature and drought regime are likely to reduce carbon (C) storage forests, thereby amplifying rates of climate change. While such reductions often presumed be greatest semi‐arid forests that experience widespread tree mortality, the consequences may also important temperate mesic Eastern North America ( ENA ) if growth is significantly curtailed by drought. Investigations environmental conditions determine sensitivity critically needed accurately predict ecosystem feedbacks We matched site factors with responses 10,753 trees across , representing 24 species 346 stands, broad‐scale drivers for dominant . Here we show two factors—the timing drought, atmospheric demand water (i.e., local potential evapotranspiration; PET )—are stronger than soil stand characteristics. Drought‐induced were when droughts occurred during early‐season peaks radial growth, especially growing warmest, driest regions highest ). Further, mean trait values (rooting depth ψ 50 poor predictors sensitivity, as intraspecific variation was equal or greater interspecific 17 species. From a general circulation model ensemble, find future increases exacerbate these effects, potentially offset gains C uptake owing other global change factors.

Язык: Английский

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Pragmatic hydraulic theory predicts stomatal responses to climatic water deficits

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 212(3), С. 577 - 589

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2016

Ecosystem models have difficulty predicting plant drought responses, partially from uncertainty in the stomatal response to water deficits soil and atmosphere. We evaluate a 'supply-demand' theory for water-limited behavior that avoids typical scaffold of empirical functions. The premise is canopy demand regulated proportion threat supply posed by xylem cavitation drying. was implemented trait-based soil-plant-atmosphere model. model predicted transpiration (E), diffusive conductance (G), pressure (Pcanopy ) potential (Psoil vapor deficit (D). Modeled responses D Psoil were consistent with functions, but controlling parameters hydraulic traits rather than coefficients. Maximum conductances vulnerability loss dictated sensitivity hence iso- anisohydric spectrum regulation. matched wide fluctuations G Pcanopy across nine data sets seasonally dry tropical forest piñon-juniper woodland < 26% mean error. Promising initial performance suggests could be useful improving ecosystem models. Better understanding variation properties along root-stem-leaf continuum will simplify parameterization.

Язык: Английский

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Plant hydraulics accentuates the effect of atmospheric moisture stress on transpiration

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(7), С. 691 - 695

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Widespread drought‐induced tree mortality at dry range edges indicates that climate stress exceeds species' compensating mechanisms

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 25(11), С. 3793 - 3802

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2019

Drought-induced tree mortality is projected to increase due climate change, which will have manifold ecological and societal impacts including the potential weaken or reverse terrestrial carbon sink. Predictions of remain limited, in large part because within-species variations ecophysiology plasticity adaptation ecosystem adjustments could buffer dry locations. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis 50 studies spanning >100 woody plant species globally quantify how populations within vary vulnerability drought whether functional traits mediate patterns. We find that predominantly occurs drier this pattern more pronounced with xylem can tolerate highly negative water potentials, typically considered be an adaptive trait for regions, experience higher variability stress. Our results indicate stress has exceeded physiological ecosystem-level tolerance compensating mechanisms by triggering extensive at range edges provides foundation future projections empirical distribution mechanistic vegetation models.

Язык: Английский

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Multi-sensor remote sensing for drought characterization: current status, opportunities and a roadmap for the future

Remote Sensing of Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 256, С. 112313 - 112313

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Limits to post‐fire vegetation recovery under climate change

Plant Cell & Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 44(11), С. 3471 - 3489

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2021

Abstract Record‐breaking fire seasons in many regions across the globe raise important questions about plant community responses to shifting regimes (i.e., changing frequency, severity and seasonality). Here, we examine impacts of climate‐driven shifts on vegetation communities, likely coinciding with severe drought, heatwaves and/or insect outbreaks. We present scenario‐based conceptual models how overlapping disturbance events interact differently limit post‐fire resprouting recruitment capacity. demonstrate that, although communities will remain resilient short‐term, longer‐term changes structure, demography species composition are likely, a range subsequent effects ecosystem function. Resprouting be most regimes. However, even these susceptible if exposed repeated short‐interval combination other stressors. Post‐fire is highly vulnerable increased particularly as climatic limitations propagule availability intensify. Prediction under climate change greatly improved by addressing knowledge gaps disturbances change‐induced regime affect resprouting, recruitment, growth rates, species‐level adaptation

Язык: Английский

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