Nonlinearity of root trait relationships and the root economics spectrum

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Май 17, 2019

The root economics spectrum (RES), a common hypothesis postulating tradeoff between resource acquisition and conservation traits, is being challenged by conflicting relationships diameter, tissue density (RTD) nitrogen concentration (RN). Here, we analyze global trait dataset of absorptive roots for over 800 plant species. For woody species (but not non-woody species), find nonlinear diameter RTD RN, which stem from the allometric relationship stele cortical tissues. These explain how sampling bias different ends curves can result in relationships. Further, shape varies depending on evolutionary context mycorrhizal affiliation. Importantly, observed do support RES predictions. Allometry-based nonlinearity improves our understanding ecology, physiology evolution roots.

Язык: Английский

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Linking root exudation to belowground economic traits for resource acquisition

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 233(4), С. 1620 - 1635

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2021

The concept of a root economics space (RES) is increasingly adopted to explore trait variation and belowground resource-acquisition strategies. Much progress has been made on interactions morphology mycorrhizal symbioses. However, exudation, with significant carbon (C) cost (c. 5-21% total photosynthetically fixed C) enhance resource acquisition, remains missing link in this RES. Here, we argue that incorporating exudation into the structure RES key holistic understanding soil nutrient acquisition. We highlight different functional roles exudates phosphorus (P) nitrogen (N) Thereafter, synthesize emerging evidence illustrates how interacts symbioses at level species individual plant contrasting patterns evolved P-impoverished vs N-limited environments. Finally, propose new conceptual framework, integrating three groups traits better capture complexity Such deeper integrated dynamic morphology, will provide valuable insights mechanisms underlying coexistence for sustainable managed systems.

Язык: Английский

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Sampling roots to capture plant and soil functions

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 31(8), С. 1506 - 1518

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2017

Summary Roots vary in anatomy, morphology and physiology, both spatially (different parts of the same root system) temporally (plastic changes, ageing), suggesting that trait measurements are strongly affected by sampling categories. In this context, it is urgent to clarify functional significance current categories (e.g. fine roots first order, three orders, ≤1 mm or ≤2 mm), establish guidelines for choosing between methods revise ontology account differences traits measured on distinct Here, we used a worldwide database fine‐root test hypothesis values – with link functions were generally different We observed indeed clear break first‐order all other categories, smaller but substantial orders category, demonstrating globally methodologies capture roots. Our synthesis suggests present advantages pitfalls no single method can appropriately tackle main challenge ecology: i.e. linking plant ecosystem truly comparable way across plants. argue instead small set complementary standardized necessary linkages forms functions. To assist experimenters selecting adequate developed decision table following logical questions: (i) what function must be addressed; (ii) involved (iii) should these Challenging, strengthening expending such common reference framework would step towards wider comparability future datasets. A lay summary available article.

Язык: Английский

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Global forest carbon uptake due to nitrogen and phosphorus deposition from 1850 to 2100

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 23(11), С. 4854 - 4872

Опубликована: Май 17, 2017

Spatial patterns and temporal trends of nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P) deposition are important for quantifying their impact on forest carbon (C) uptake. In a first step, we modeled historical future change in the global distributions atmospheric N P from dry wet aerosols gases containing P. Future projections were compared between two scenarios with contrasting aerosol emissions. Modeled fields concentration evaluated using globally distributed situ measurements. peaked around 1990 European forests 2010 East Asian forests, both increased sevenfold relative to 1850. South 3.5-fold second estimated C storage due fertilization by deposited (∆Cν dep ), based retention nutrients, allocation within plants, C:N C:P stoichiometry. ∆Cν 1997-2013 was be 0.27 ± 0.13 Pg year-1 0.054 0.10 P, contributing 9% 2% terrestrial sink, respectively. Sensitivity tests show that uncertainty larger than N, mainly fraction is fixed soil. ∆CPdep exceeded ∆CNdep over 1960-2007 large area West faster growth Our results suggest significant contribution anthropogenic storage, additional sources needed support some tropical where rate even N.

Язык: Английский

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Open Science principles for accelerating trait-based science across the Tree of Life

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 4(3), С. 294 - 303

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2020

Synthesizing trait observations and knowledge across the Tree of Life remains a grand challenge for biodiversity science. Species traits are widely used in ecological evolutionary science, new data methods have proliferated rapidly. Yet accessing integrating disparate sources considerable challenge, slowing progress toward global synthesis to integrate organisms. Trait science needs vision achieving integration all Here, we outline how adoption key Open Science principles—open data, open source methods—is transforming increasing transparency, democratizing access accelerating synthesis. To enhance widespread these principles, introduce Traits Network (OTN), global, decentralized community welcoming researchers institutions pursuing collaborative goal standardizing We demonstrate adherence principles is OTN five activities that can accelerate Life, thereby facilitating rapid advances address scientific inquiries environmental issues. Lessons learned along path will provide framework addressing similarly complex informatics challenges. A introduced aims standardize species organismal groups, based on Science.

Язык: Английский

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Root exudation as a major competitive fine‐root functional trait of 18 coexisting species in a subtropical forest

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 229(1), С. 259 - 271

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2020

Summary Root exudation stimulates microbial decomposition and enhances nutrient availability to plants. It remains difficult measure predict this carbon flux in natural conditions, especially for mature woody Based on a known conceptual framework of root functional traits coordination, we proposed that may exudation. We measured other seven morphological/chemical/physiological 18 coexisting species deciduous‐evergreen mixed forest subtropical China. exudation, respiration, diameter nitrogen (N) concentration all exhibited significant phylogenetic signals. found positively correlated with competitive (root N concentration) negatively conservative trait tissue density). Furthermore, these relationships were independent A principal component analysis showed morphological loaded two perpendicular axes. is multidimensional fine‐root coordination. The metabolic dimension which was relatively the dimension, indicating increasing by might be complementary strategy plant acquisition. positive relationship between respiration promising approach future prediction

Язык: Английский

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Root traits explain rhizosphere fungal community composition among temperate grassland plant species

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 229(3), С. 1492 - 1507

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2020

Summary While it is known that interactions between plants and soil fungi drive many essential ecosystem functions, considerable uncertainty exists over the drivers of fungal community composition in rhizosphere. Here, we examined roles plant species identity, phylogeny functional traits shaping rhizosphere communities tested robustness these relationships to environmental change. We conducted a glasshouse experiment consisting 21 temperate grassland grown under three different treatments characterised within plants. found phylogenetic relatedness all affected composition. Trait with were primarily driven by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, root stronger predictors than leaf traits. These patterns independent under. Our results showcase key role traits, especially diameter, nitrogen specific length, driving composition, demonstrating potential for be used predictive frameworks plant–fungal relationships. Furthermore, highlight how limitations our understanding function may obscure previously unmeasured interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Tree functional traits, forest biomass, and tree species diversity interact with site properties to drive forest soil carbon

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2022

Abstract Forests constitute important ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. However, how trees and environmental conditions interact to determine amount of organic stored forest soils is a hotly debated subject. In particular, tree species influence soil (SOC) remains unclear. Based on compilation data, we show that functional traits standing biomass explain half local variability SOC. The effects SOC depended climatic with strongest effect observed under boreal climate acidic, poor, coarse-textured soils. Mixing forests also favours storage SOC, provided over-yielding occurs mixed forests. We propose sink can be optimised by (i) increasing biomass, (ii) richness, (iii) choosing composition based according conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Global root traits (GRooT) database

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 30(1), С. 25 - 37

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2020

Abstract Motivation Trait data are fundamental to the quantitative description of plant form and function. Although root traits capture key dimensions related responses changing environmental conditions effects on ecosystem processes, they have rarely been included in large‐scale comparative studies global models. For instance, remain absent from nearly all that define spectrum Thus, overcome conceptual methodological roadblocks preventing a widespread integration trait into analyses we created Global Root (GRooT) Database. GRooT provides ready‐to‐use by combining expertise ecologists with mobilization curation. Specifically, (a) determined set core relevant function based an assessment experts, (b) maximized species coverage through standardization within among traits, (c) implemented quality checks. Main types variables contained contains 114,222 records 38 continuous traits. Spatial location grain arid, continental, polar, temperate tropical biomes. Data were derived experimental field studies. Time period recorded between 1911 2019. Major taxa level measurement includes for which taxonomic information is available. vary their resolution, subspecies or varieties being highest genera lowest resolution It 184 varieties, 6,214 species, 1,967 254 families. Owing variation sources, database include both individual observations mean values. Software format two csv files. A GitHub repository files script R query database.

Язык: Английский

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Physical and Functional Constraints on Viable Belowground Acquisition Strategies

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2019

Since their emergence onto land, terrestrial plants have developed diverse strategies to acquire soil resources. However, we lack a framework that adequately captures how these vary among species. Observations from around the world now allow us quantify variation observed in commonly-measured fine-root traits but it is unclear root are interrelated and whether they fall along an "economic" spectrum of acquisitive conservative strategies. We assessed trait mycorrhizal colonization rates by leveraging largest global database (the Fine-Root Ecology Database; FRED). also heuristic model explore role fungi defining belowground exploration efficiency across gradient thin- thick-diameter roots. In support expectations "root economic spectrum," found diameter was negatively related specific length (Pearson's r=-0.76). unexpected negative relationship between tissue density r = -0.40), further nitrogen content largely unrelated other traits. Mycorrhizal most closely associated with 0.62) nitrogen. The demonstrated while thinner roots inherently greater capacity encounter resources based on higher surface area per unit mass, potential for increased associations thicker roots, combined hyphal growth, can result equally both thick Taken together, our assessments variation, trade-offs fungi, broader connections longevity allowed propose series fundamental constraints resource acquisition Physical tradeoffs construction (i.e., traits) functional limitations combine limit two-dimensional space. Within this space there remains diversity additional facilitates wide range

Язык: Английский

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