Killing softly: a roadmap of Botrytis cinerea pathogenicity

Trends in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(2), С. 211 - 222

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2022

Botrytis cinerea, a widespread plant pathogen with necrotrophic lifestyle, causes gray mold disease in many crops. Massive secretion of enzymes and toxins was long considered to be the main driver infection, but recent studies have uncovered rich toolbox for B. cinerea pathogenicity. The emerging picture is multilayered infection process governed by exchange factors that collectively contribute development. No shows complete resistance against pattern-triggered immune responses potential significantly reduce progression, opening new possibilities producing cinerea-tolerant plants. We examine current models, highlight knowledge gaps, suggest directions future studies.

Язык: Английский

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Multiple knockout mutants reveal a high redundancy of phytotoxic compounds contributing to necrotrophic pathogenesis of Botrytis cinerea

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(3), С. e1010367 - e1010367

Опубликована: Март 3, 2022

Botrytis cinerea is a major plant pathogen infecting more than 1400 species. During invasion, the fungus rapidly kills host cells, which believed to be supported by induction of programmed cell death. To comprehensively evaluate contributions most currently known death inducing proteins (CDIPs) and metabolites for necrotrophic infection, an optimized CRISPR/Cas9 protocol was established allowed perform serial marker-free mutagenesis generate multiple deletion mutants lacking up 12 CDIPs. Whole genome sequencing 6x 12x mutant revealed low number off-target mutations were unrelated Cas9-mediated cleavage. Secretome analyses confirmed loss secreted encoded deleted genes. Infection tests with successive decrease in virulence increasing numbers mutated genes, varying effects knockouts on different plants. Comparative analysis significant roles two polygalacturonases (PG1, PG2) phytotoxic botrydial botcinins but no or only weak other Nicotiana benthamiana plants silenced coreceptors pattern recognition receptors, SOBIR1 BAK1, showed similar susceptibility as control infection B. wild type mutant. These results raise doubts about role manipulation these defence regulators infection. Despite compounds, planta secretomes retained substantial activity, proving that further, yet unknown CDIPs contribute necrosis virulence. Our study has addressed first time systematically functional redundancy fungal factors, demonstrates releases highly redundant cocktail achieve wide variety

Язык: Английский

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AlphaFold-Multimer predicts cross-kingdom interactions at the plant-pathogen interface

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2023

Abstract Adapted plant pathogens from various microbial kingdoms produce hundreds of unrelated small secreted proteins (SSPs) with elusive roles. Here, we used AlphaFold-Multimer (AFM) to screen 1879 SSPs seven tomato for interacting six defence-related hydrolases tomato. This 11,274 protein pairs identified 15 non-annotated that are predicted obstruct the active site chitinases and proteases an intrinsic fold. Four were experimentally verified be inhibitors pathogenesis-related subtilase P69B, including extracellular protein-36 (Ecp36) secreted-into-xylem-15 (Six15) fungal Cladosporium fulvum Fusarium oxysporum , respectively. Together a P69B inhibitor bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas perforans Kazal-like oomycete Phytophthora infestans emerges as effector hub targeted by different kingdoms, consistent diversification orthologs paralogs. study demonstrates power artificial intelligence predict cross-kingdom interactions at plant-pathogen interface.

Язык: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas with ribonucleoprotein complexes and transiently selected telomere vectors allows highly efficient marker-free and multiple genome editing in Botrytis cinerea

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 16(8), С. e1008326 - e1008326

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2020

CRISPR/Cas has become the state-of-the-art technology for genetic manipulation in diverse organisms, enabling targeted changes to be performed with unprecedented efficiency. Here we report on first establishment of robust editing important necrotrophic plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea based introduction optimized Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) into protoplasts. Editing yields were further improved by development a novel strategy that combines RNP delivery cotransformation transiently stable vectors containing telomeres, which allowed temporary selection and convenient screening marker-free events. We demonstrate this approach provides superior rates compared existing CRISPR/Cas-based methods filamentous fungi, including model Magnaporthe oryzae. Genome sequencing edited strains revealed very few additional mutations no evidence RNP-mediated off-targeting. The high performance telomere vector-mediated was demonstrated random mutagenesis codon 272 sdhB gene, major determinant resistance succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides bulk replacement codons encoding all 20 amino acids. All exchanges found at similar frequencies absence but SDHI identification acid substitutions conferred differential levels towards different fungicides. increased efficiency easy handling RNP-based is expected accelerate molecular research B. other fungi.

Язык: Английский

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The Destructive Fungal Pathogen Botrytis cinerea—Insights from Genes Studied with Mutant Analysis

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(11), С. 923 - 923

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2020

Botrytis cinerea is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens affecting numerous plant hosts, including many important crop species. As a molecularly under-studied organism, its genome was only sequenced at beginning this century and it recently updated with improved gene annotation completeness. In review, we summarize key molecular studies on B. developmental pathogenesis processes, specifically genes studied comprehensively mutant analysis. Analyses these have unveiled in biological processes pathogen, hyphal growth, sclerotial formation, conidiation, pathogenicity melanization. addition, our synthesis has uncovered gaps present knowledge regarding development virulence mechanisms. We hope review will serve to enhance mechanisms behind notorious pathogen.

Язык: Английский

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The Botrytis cinerea Crh1 transglycosylase is a cytoplasmic effector triggering plant cell death and defense response

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2021

Crh proteins catalyze crosslinking of chitin and glucan polymers in fungal cell walls. Here, we show that the BcCrh1 protein from phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea acts as a cytoplasmic effector elicitor plant defense. is localized vacuoles endoplasmic reticulum during saprophytic growth. However, upon infection, accumulates infection cushions; it then secreted to apoplast translocated into cells, where induces death defense responses. Two regions 53 35 amino acids are sufficient for uptake induction, respectively. mutant variants unable dimerize lack transglycosylation activity, but still able induce death. Furthermore, Arabidopsis lines expressing bccrh1 gene exhibit reduced sensitivity B. cinerea, suggesting potential use immunization against this necrotrophic pathogen.

Язык: Английский

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Plant–microbe interactions in the apoplast: Communication at the plant cell wall

The Plant Cell, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 34(5), С. 1532 - 1550

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2022

The apoplast is a continuous plant compartment that connects cells between tissues and organs one of the first sites interaction plants microbes. cell wall occupies most composed polysaccharides associated proteins ions. This dynamic part constitutes an essential physical barrier source nutrients for microbe. At same time, serves important functions in interkingdom detection, recognition, response to other organisms. Thus, both microbe modify its environment versatile ways benefit from interaction. We discuss here crucial processes occurring at during contact communication plant. Finally, we argue these local changes need be considered fully understand plant-microbe interactions.

Язык: Английский

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The evolutionary and molecular features of the broad‐host‐range plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Molecular Plant Pathology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(8), С. 1075 - 1090

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2022

Abstract Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a pathogenic fungus that infects hundreds of plant species, including many the world's most important crops. Key features S. include its extraordinary host range, preference for dicotyledonous plants, relatively slow evolution, and production protein effectors are active in multiple species. Plant resistance to this pathogen highly complex, typically involving numerous polymorphisms with infinitesimally small effects, which makes breeding major challenge. Due economic significance, has been subjected large amount molecular evolutionary research. In updated profile, we review discuss avenues future research into

Язык: Английский

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Plant–pathogen interactions and ambient pH dynamics

Stress Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

Abstract Ambient pH performs a crucial role in plant immunity, abiotic stress response, and growth development. Plant–pathogen interactions influence dynamic environment. Host acidification alkalinization are under the regulating actions of acidophilic alkaliphilic pathogens, respectively. Plasma membrane H + -ATPases regulate homeostasis, their activity is modulated during pathogen-associated molecular pattern- (PTI) effector-triggered immunities (ETI). Recent studies have provided insights into interplay between pathogens plants when controlling ambient pH. Here, we review dynamics relation to immunity focus on its relationships with PTI, ETI, stomatal programmed cell death, calcium ion (Ca 2+ ), reactive oxygen species. Comprehension complexity regulation may provide new strategies for disease control sustainable agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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The Evolutionary and Molecular Features of Broad Host-Range Necrotrophy in Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2020

Necrotrophic fungal pathogens cause considerable disease on numerous economically important crops. Some of these are specialised to one or a few closely related plant species, whereas others pathogenic many unrelated hosts. The evolutionary and molecular bases broad host-range necrotrophy in not very well-defined form an on-going area research. In this review, we discuss what is known about necrotrophic compare them with their narrow counterparts. We the processes associated host generalism, highlight common features lifestyle, such as fine-tuning pH, modulation reactive oxygen species metabolic degradation diverse antimicrobials. conclude that have evolved range sometimes convergent responses similar selective regime governed by interactions highly heterogeneous landscape.

Язык: Английский

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