Root plasticity under abiotic stress

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 187(3), С. 1057 - 1070

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2021

Abiotic stresses increasingly threaten existing ecological and agricultural systems across the globe. Plant roots perceive these in soil adapt their architecture accordingly. This review provides insights into recent discoveries showing importance of root system (RSA) plasticity for survival development plants under heat, cold, drought, salt, flooding stress. In addition, we molecular regulation hormonal pathways involved controlling RSA plasticity, main growth, branching lateral hair development, formation adventitious roots. Several affect anatomy by causing aerenchyma formation, lignin suberin deposition, Casparian strip modulation. Roots can also actively grow toward favorable conditions avoid environments detrimental to development. Recent advances understanding cellular mechanisms behind different tropisms are discussed. Understanding will be instrumental crops that resilient face abiotic

Язык: Английский

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Functional xylem characteristics associated with drought‐induced embolism in angiosperms

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 236(6), С. 2019 - 2036

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2022

Hydraulic failure resulting from drought-induced embolism in the xylem of plants is a key determinant reduced productivity and mortality. Methods to assess this vulnerability are difficult achieve at scale, leading alternative metrics correlations with more easily measured traits. These efforts have led longstanding pervasive assumed mechanistic link between vessel diameter angiosperms. However, there least two problems assumption that requires critical re-evaluation: (1) our current understanding does not provide explanation why increased width should lead greater vulnerability, (2) most recent advancements nanoscale processes suggest direct driver. Here, we review data physiological comparative wood anatomy studies, highlighting potential anatomical physicochemical drivers formation spread. We then put forward knowledge gaps, emphasising what known, unknown speculation. A meaningful evaluation diameter-vulnerability will require better biophysical level determine spread, which turn accurate predictions how water transport affected by drought.

Язык: Английский

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Addressing controversies in the xylem embolism resistance–vessel diameter relationship

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 238(1), С. 283 - 296

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023

Summary Although xylem embolism is a key process during drought‐induced tree mortality, its relationship to wood anatomy remains debated. While the functional link between bordered pits and resistance known, there no direct, mechanistic explanation for traditional assumption that wider vessels are more vulnerable than narrow ones. We used data from 20 temperate broad‐leaved species study inter‐ intraspecific of water potential at 50% loss conductivity ( P 50 ) with hydraulically weighted vessel diameter D h tested pit membrane thickness T PM specific K s on level. Embolism‐resistant had thick membranes vessels. was weakly associated , – remained highly significant after accounting . The interspecific pattern mirrored by but evidence an relationship. Our results provide robust across our species. As cause inconsistencies in published relationships, analysis suggests differences range trait values covered, level aggregation (species, or sample level) studied.

Язык: Английский

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The AP2/ERF transcription factor PtoERF15 confers drought tolerance via JA‐mediated signaling in Populus

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 240(5), С. 1848 - 1867

Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2023

Drought stress is one of the major limiting factors for growth and development perennial trees. Xylem vessels act as center water conduction in woody species, but underlying mechanism its morphogenesis under water-deficient conditions remains elucidation. Here, we identified characterized an osmotic stress-induced ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 15 (PtoERF15) target, PtoMYC2b, which was involved mediating vessel size, density, cell wall thickness response to drought Populus tomentosa. PtoERF15 preferentially expressed differentiating xylem poplar stems. Overexpression contributed stem potential maintaining, thus promoting tolerance. RNA-Seq biochemical analysis further revealed that directly regulated encoding a switch JA signaling pathway. Additionally, our findings verify three sets homologous genes from NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) gene family: PtoSND1-A1/A2, PtoVND7-1/7-2, PtoNAC118/120, targets are regulation morphology poplar. Collectively, study provides molecular evidence involvement PtoERF15-PtoMYC2b transcription cascade maintaining through development, ultimately improving tolerance

Язык: Английский

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Pore constrictions in intervessel pit membranes provide a mechanistic explanation for xylem embolism resistance in angiosperms

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 230(5), С. 1829 - 1843

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2021

Summary Embolism spreading in angiosperm xylem occurs via mesoporous pit membranes between vessels. Here, we investigate how the size of pore constrictions is related to membrane thickness and embolism resistance. Pit were modelled as multiple layers number intervessel pits per vessel determine constriction sizes, probability encountering large pores, These estimations complemented by measurements thickness, resistance, stem ( n = 31, 31 20 species, respectively). The sizes decreased with increasing explaining measured relationship affected resistance much less than thickness. Moreover, a strong was observed. Pore provide mechanistic explanation for why determines which suggests that hydraulic safety can be uncoupled from efficiency. Although remains puzzling encompasses more angiosperms are unlikely have leaky membranes, enables tensile transport water.

Язык: Английский

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The StbHLH47 transcription factor negatively regulates drought tolerance in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

BMC Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2025

Drought stress is a major environmental constraint affecting crop yields. Plants in agricultural and natural environments have developed various mechanisms to cope with drought stress. Identifying genes associated tolerance potato elucidating their regulatory crucial for the breeding of new germplasms. The bHLH transcription factors involved play roles not only plant development growth but also responsesresponse abiotic In this study, StbHLH47 gene, which highly expressed leaves, was cloned isolated. Subcellular localization assays revealed that gene performs transcriptional functions nucleus, as evidenced by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content relative conductivity under These findings indicate overexpressing plants are more sensitive Differential expression analysis wild-type (WT) (OE-StbHLH47) significantly differentially were enriched metabolic pathways, biosynthesis secondary metabolites, hormone signal transduction, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway-plant, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant‒pathogen interactions. Among these phenylalanine abscisic acid (ABA) transduction pathways greater number genes, trends (DEGs) different between WT OE-StbHLH47. Therefore, it speculated may regulate resistance mainly through two pathways. Additionally, RT‒qPCR used fluorescence quantification StNCED1 StERD11, known resistance, results levels much lower OE-StbHLH47 than plants. RNA-seq, RT‒qPCR, physiological index analyses conditions overexpression sensitivity stress, indicating negatively regulates summary, our negative regulator provide theoretical basis further studies on molecular mechanism involved.

Язык: Английский

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ABA signal transduction and ROS metabolic balance play a key role in the drought resistance of safflower

Plant Growth Regulation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Quantifying the grapevine xylem embolism resistance spectrum to identify varieties and regions at risk in a future dry climate

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Май 12, 2023

Abstract Maintaining wine production under global warming partly relies on optimizing the choice of plant material for a given viticultural region and developing drought-resistant cultivars. However, progress in these directions is hampered by lack understanding differences drought resistance among Vitis genotypes. We investigated patterns xylem embolism vulnerability within 30 species sub-species (varieties) from different locations climates, assessed risk 329 regions worldwide. Within variety, to decreased during summer. Among varieties, we have found wide variations vascular system grapevines. This particularly case vinifera , with varieties distributed across four clusters vulnerability. Ugni blanc Chardonnay featured most vulnerable, while Pinot noir, Merlot Cabernet Sauvignon ranked resistant. Regions possibly at greater being vulnerable drought, such as Poitou–Charentes, France Marlborough, New Zealand, do not necessarily arid but rather bear significant proportion varieties. demonstrate that grapevine may respond equally warmer drier conditions, highlight hydraulic traits are key improve viticulture suitability climate change.

Язык: Английский

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Implications of root morphology and anatomy for water deficit tolerance and recovery of grapevine rootstocks

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

The intensification of drought conditions due to climate change poses a major challenge sustainable grape production. Rootstocks are essential in supporting grapevine water uptake and resilience; however, their physiological responses stress not fully understood. Under the hypothesis that root morphology anatomy may be key traits tolerance deficit, this study aimed investigate these across diverse rootstocks under progressive deficit recovery phases. Thirteen genotypes, including commercial recently bred RG-series RM2, were evaluated over two seasons controlled pot-based conditions. Plants subjected five distinct watering stages, from well-watered severe drought. Root traits, such as length, density, xylem anatomical features, analyzed alongside stem potential (Ψ ) gauge plant status. Results showed significant genotype-specific differences anatomy, impacting recovery. with higher length density (RLD) larger proportion fine roots maintained Ψ more effectively Additionally, smaller vessel diameters reduced area relative cross-sectional correlated improved transport efficiency faster post-drought. A trade-off emerged wherein increased enhanced capacity but came at cost efficiency. Notably, 420A, 41B, Fercal displayed superior resilience, while did outperform established genotypes like 13-5 Evex, 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri. These results underscore role tolerance, suggesting could incorporated criteria for future breeding programs. Nevertheless, field-testing non-limiting soil is validate findings.

Язык: Английский

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Stem and leaf xylem of angiosperm trees experiences minimal embolism in temperate forests during two consecutive summers with moderate drought

Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 24(7), С. 1208 - 1223

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2022

Drought events may increase the likelihood that plant water transport system becomes interrupted by embolism. Yet our knowledge about temporal frequency of xylem embolism in field is frequently lacking, as it requires detailed, long-term measurements. We measured resistance and midday potentials during consecutive summers 2019 2020 to estimate maximum levels leaf stem ten temperate angiosperm tree species. also studied vessel pit membrane characteristics based on light electron microscopy corroborate potential differences between leaves stems. Apart from A. pseudoplatanus Q. petraea, eight species experienced minimum were close or below those required initiate Water corresponding ca. 12% loss hydraulic conductivity (PLC) could occur six species, while considerable around 50% PLC limited B. pendula C. avellana. There was a general agreement stems leaves, with being equally more resistant than Also, significantly correlated intervessel thickness (TPM ) for stems, but not diameter total surface area vessel. Our data indicate low amounts most moderate summer drought, are uncommon. Moreover, experimental TPM show generally no vulnerable xylem.

Язык: Английский

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