A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 232(3), С. 973 - 1122

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2021

Summary In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact environment, ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep generating cutting‐edge, meaningful integrated knowledge. Consideration below‐ground components ecosystem studies has been consistently called for decades, but methodology is disparate sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based collective effort large team experts, will improve trait comparisons across integration information databases by providing standardised methods controlled vocabularies. It meant be used not only as starting point students scientists who desire working ecosystems, also experts consolidating broadening views multiple aspects ecology. Beyond classical compilation measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from literature provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining entities giving keys dissection, classification naming beyond fine‐root vs coarse‐root approach; (2) considering specificity produce sound laboratory field data; (3) describing typical, overlooked steps studying roots (e.g. handling, cleaning storage); (4) gathering metadata necessary interpretation results reuse. Most importantly, all traits introduced with some degree ecological that foundation understanding meaning, typical use uncertainties, methodological conceptual perspectives future research. Considering this, urge readers solely extract protocol measurements this work, take moment read reflect extensive contained broader guide ecology, including sections I–VII introductions each section description. Finally, it critical understand major aim help break down barriers between subdisciplines ecology ecophysiology, broaden researchers’ study create favourable conditions inception comprehensive experiments role functioning.

Язык: Английский

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An integrated framework of plant form and function: the belowground perspective

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 232(1), С. 42 - 59

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2021

Summary Plant trait variation drives plant function, community composition and ecosystem processes. However, our current understanding of disproportionately relies on aboveground observations. Here we integrate root traits into the global framework form function. We developed tested an overarching conceptual that integrates two recently identified gradients with a well‐established framework. confronted novel published relationships between above‐ belowground analogues multivariate analyses 2510 species. Our represent leaf conservation (specific area, nitrogen concentration, tissue density), collaboration gradient (root diameter specific length) size (plant height rooting depth). found integrated, whole‐plant space required as much four axes. The main axes represented fast–slow ‘conservation’ which fine‐root were well aligned, ‘collaboration’ in roots. additional separate, orthogonal for depth. This perspective multidimensional nature better encompasses function influence surrounding environment.

Язык: Английский

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Fine-root traits in the global spectrum of plant form and function

Nature, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 597(7878), С. 683 - 687

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Functional diversity effects on productivity increase with age in a forest biodiversity experiment

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 5(12), С. 1594 - 1603

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Plant sizes and shapes above and belowground and their interactions with climate

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 235(3), С. 1032 - 1056

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2022

Although the above and belowground sizes shapes of plants strongly influence plant competition, community structure, plant-environment interactions, remain poorly characterized across climate regimes. We investigated relationships among shoot root system size climate. assembled analyzed, to our knowledge, largest global database describing maximum rooting depth, lateral spread, terrestrial - more than doubling Root Systems Individual Plants 5647 observations. Water availability growth form greatly size, depth is primarily influenced by temperature seasonality. Shoot strongest predictor with diameter being two times wider width on average for woody plants. covaries size; however, geometries differ considerably climates, in arid climates having shorter shoots, but deeper, narrower systems. Additionally, estimates spread systems are likely underestimated at scale.

Язык: Английский

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Breeding toward improved ecological plant–microbiome interactions

Trends in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 27(11), С. 1134 - 1143

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Plant phosphorus‐use and ‐acquisition strategies in Amazonia

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 234(4), С. 1126 - 1143

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2022

In the tropical rainforest of Amazonia, phosphorus (P) is one main nutrients controlling forest dynamics, but its effects on future biomass carbon (C) storage under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations remain uncertain. Soils in vast areas Amazonia are P-impoverished, and little known about variation or plasticity plant P-use -acquisition strategies across space time, hampering accuracy projections vegetation models. Here, we synthesize current knowledge leaf P resorption, fine-root foraging, arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses, root acid phosphatase organic exudation discuss how these vary with soil response to . We identify gaps suggest ways forward fill those gaps. Additionally, propose a conceptual framework for variations along gradients Amazonia. that soils intermediate high concentrations, at community level, investments primarily directed foraging via roots mycorrhizas, whereas low shift prioritize resorption mining phosphatases acids.

Язык: Английский

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What are mycorrhizal traits?

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 37(7), С. 573 - 581

Опубликована: Май 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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To harness traits for ecology, let’s abandon ‘functionality’

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 38(5), С. 402 - 411

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Tree diversity increases productivity through enhancing structural complexity across mycorrhizal types

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(40)

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2023

Tree species diversity and mycorrhizal associations play a central role for forest productivity, but factors driving positive biodiversity-productivity relationships remain poorly understood. In biodiversity experiment manipulating tree associations, we examined the roles of above- belowground processes in modulating wood productivity young temperate communities potential underlying mechanisms. We found that richness, not increased by enhancing aboveground structural complexity within communities. Structurally complex were almost twice as productive structurally simple stands, particularly when light interception was high. further demonstrate overyielding largely explained net effects on with functional variation shade tolerance taxonomic being key drivers mixtures. Consideration stand appears to be crucial element predicting carbon sequestration early successional stages mixed-species forests.

Язык: Английский

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