Temperature responses of photosynthesis and respiration in evergreen trees from boreal to tropical latitudes

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 234(2), С. 353 - 374

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2022

Summary Evergreen species are widespread across the globe, representing two major plant functional forms in terrestrial models. We reviewed and analysed responses of photosynthesis respiration to warming 101 evergreen from boreal tropical biomes. Summertime temperatures affected both latitudinal gas exchange rates degree responsiveness experimental warming. The decrease net at 25°C ( A net25 ) was larger with climates than cooler ones. Respiration R 25 reduced by 14% response Gymnosperms were more sensitive greater amounts broadleaved evergreens, c . 30–40% > 10°C While standardised carboxylation V cmax25 electron transport J max25 adjusted warming, magnitude this adjustment not related amount (range 0.6–16°C). temperature optimum T optA increased on average 0.34°C per °C combination constrained acclimation increasing could possibly result a carbon sink future warmer climates. predictable patterns thermal biomes provide strong basis improve modelling predictions

Язык: Английский

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CO ₂ fertilization of terrestrial photosynthesis inferred from site to global scales

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 119(10)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2022

SignificanceThe magnitude of the CO2 fertilization effect on terrestrial photosynthesis is uncertain because it not directly observed and subject to confounding effects climatic variability. We apply three well-established eco-evolutionary optimality theories gas exchange photosynthesis, constraining main processes using measurable variables. Using this framework, we provide robust observationally inferred evidence that a strong detectable in globally distributed eddy covariance networks. Applying our method upscale globally, find comparable its situ counterpart but highlight potential for substantial underestimation tropical forests many reflectance-based satellite products.

Язык: Английский

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Leaf economics fundamentals explained by optimality principles

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2023

The life span of leaves increases with their mass per unit area (LMA). It is unclear why. Here, we show that this empirical generalization (the foundation the worldwide leaf economics spectrum) a consequence natural selection, maximizing average net carbon gain over cycle. Analyzing two large trait datasets, evergreen and deciduous species diverse construction costs (assumed proportional to LMA) are selected by light, temperature, growing-season length in different, but predictable, ways. We quantitatively explain observed divergent latitudinal trends LMA how local distributions arise selection under different environmental conditions acting on pool. These results illustrate optimality principles can underpin new theory for plant geography terrestrial dynamics.

Язык: Английский

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How woody plants adjust above‐ and below‐ground traits in response to sustained drought

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 239(4), С. 1173 - 1189

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2023

Future increases in drought severity and frequency are predicted to have substantial impacts on plant function survival. However, there is considerable uncertainty concerning what adjustment whether plants can adjust sustained drought. This review focuses woody synthesises the evidence for a selection of key above-ground below-ground traits. We assess evaluating single traits, or selections traits that operate same functional axis (e.g. photosynthetic traits) sufficient, multi-trait approach, integrating across multiple axes, required. conclude studies adjustments might overestimate capacity drier environments if spatial along gradients used, without complementary experimental approaches. provide common traits; however, this adaptive sufficient respond future droughts remains uncertain most species. To address uncertainty, we must move towards studying trait integration within axes below-ground) gain holistic view at whole-plant scale how these influence

Язык: Английский

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The Interplay Between Plant Functional Traits and Climate Change

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Global climate change poses extraordinary challenges to ecosystems, profoundly affecting plant species and their functional traits. The chapter explores the dynamic relationships between crucial traits various aspects of change, including temperature changes, rainfall patterns, elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Understanding complex connection becomes paramount for sustainable development as universal heat rises climatic patterns change. This also highlights interactions characteristics evolving while being true SDGs. We investigate how affects plants, such leaf morphology, photosynthetic efficiency, reproductive strategies, these in turn, affect ecosystems. Our investigation shows that climate-induced modifications have far-reaching consequences ecosystem structure function. Changes photosynthesis rates, strategies impact individual fitness, community structure, overall resilience. It is important highlight predict future To provide a comprehensive understanding mechanisms driving characteristic responses changes climate, further research directions shall focus on integrating observational experimental approaches, considering both community-level dynamics. synthesis contributes broader effort develop effective mitigate adapt ecological ongoing

Язык: Английский

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Reassessment of the risks of climate change for terrestrial ecosystems

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(5), С. 888 - 900

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2024

Abstract Forecasting the risks of climate change for species and ecosystems is necessary developing targeted conservation strategies. Previous risk assessments mapped exposure global land surface to changes in climate. However, this procedure unlikely robustly identify priority areas actions because nonlinear physiological responses colimitation processes ensure that ecological will not map perfectly forecast climatic changes. Here, we combine ecophysiological growth models 135,153 vascular plant growth-form information transform ambient future climatologies into phytoclimates, which describe ability climates support forms characterize terrestrial ecosystems. We 33% 68% experience a significant phytoclimate by 2070 under representative concentration pathways RCP 2.6 8.5, respectively. Phytoclimates without present-day analogue are emerge on 0.3–2.2% 0.1–1.3% currently realized phytoclimates disappear. Notably, geographic pattern change, disappearance novelty differs markedly from analogous trends detected previous studies, thereby defining new priorities highlighting limits using untransformed indices assessments. Our findings suggest profound transformation biosphere underway emphasize need timely adaptation biodiversity management practices.

Язык: Английский

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The evolution, complexity and diversity of models of long‐term forest dynamics

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110(10), С. 2288 - 2307

Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2022

To assess the impacts of climate change on vegetation from stand to global scales, models forest dynamics that include tree demography are needed. Such now available for 50 years, but currently existing diversity model formulations and its evolution over time poorly documented. This hampers systematic assessments structural uncertainties in model-based studies.We conducted a meta-analysis 28 models, focusing were used past five years studies. We defined 52 attributes groups (basic assumptions, growth, regeneration, mortality soil moisture) characterized each according these attributes. Analyses complexity included hierarchical cluster analysis redundancy analysis.Model evolved considerably years. Increases largest growth processes, while modelled establishment processes increased only moderately. Model was lowest at scale, highest landscape scale. identified distinct clusters ranging very simple where specific attribute rendered complex manner feature high across all attributes.Most use today not balanced level with which they represent different processes. is result purposes, also reflects legacies code, modelers' preferences, 'prevailing spirit epoch'. The lack firm theories, laws 'first principles' ecology provides degrees freedom development, results responsibilities developers need rigorous evaluation.

Язык: Английский

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Trait ecology of startup plants

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 235(3), С. 842 - 847

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2022

Summary Startup plants include seedlings and basal epicormic resprouts. It has long been held that startups have different strategies from adult plants, but theory for what trait differences to expect is limited not yet quantitatively tested. Three applicable concepts are analogous human startup firms, R‐shift, trait‐growth theory. All three suggest should be built with lower construction costs than established plants. This appears almost always true in terms of leaf mass per area (LMA), though many comparisons complicated by the growing light. Trait‐growth predicts LMA increase progressively height or total area, driven higher conductive‐pathway associated each unit greater reward slowing turnover. Basal resprouts often somewhat seedlings, possibly this simply because they larger. A number eminently testable questions identified. Prospects good a theoretically cogent field‐tested body knowledge about plant startups.

Язык: Английский

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Leaf morphological traits as adaptations to multiple climate gradients

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110(6), С. 1344 - 1355

Опубликована: Март 22, 2022

Leaf morphological traits vary systematically along climatic gradients. However, recent studies in plant functional ecology have mainly analysed quantitative traits, while numerical models of species distributions and vegetation function focused on associated with resource acquisition; both ignore the wider significance leaf morphology.A dataset comprising 22 for 662 woody from 92 sites, representing all biomes present China, was subjected to multivariate analysis order identify leading dimensions trait covariation (correspondence analysis), quantify phylogenetic contributions (canonical correspondence variation partitioning) characterise co-occurring syndromes (

Язык: Английский

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Long‐term changes in forest response to extreme atmospheric dryness

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(18), С. 5379 - 5396

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2023

Abstract Atmospheric dryness, as indicated by vapor pressure deficit (VPD), has a strong influence on forest greenhouse gas exchange with the atmosphere. In this study, we used long‐term (10–30 years) net ecosystem productivity (NEP) measurements from 60 sites across world (1003 site‐years) to quantify changes in NEP resistance and recovery response extreme atmospheric dryness. We tested two hypotheses: first, differences of forests will depend both biophysical characteristics (i.e., leaf area index [LAI] type) well local meteorological conditions site mean VPD site), second, experiencing an increasing trend frequency intensity dryness show over time due emergence ecological stress memory. data‐driven statistical learning approach multiple years. Our results showed that types, LAI, median explained 50% variance recovery, drier showing higher compared less The impact events lasted for up 3 days following most severe forests, than 100%. rejected our second hypothesis found no consistent relationship between trends different sites, thus increase it is predicted might not or terms NEP.

Язык: Английский

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