The impacts of rising vapour pressure deficit in natural and managed ecosystems

Plant Cell & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 47(9), С. 3561 - 3589

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2024

An exponential rise in the atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is among most consequential impacts of climate change terrestrial ecosystems. Rising VPD has negative and cascading effects on nearly all aspects plant function including photosynthesis, water status, growth survival. These responses are exacerbated by land-atmosphere interactions that couple to soil govern evolution drought, affecting a range ecosystem services carbon uptake, biodiversity, provisioning resources crop yields. However, despite global nature this phenomenon, research how incorporate these into resilient management regimes largely its infancy, due part entanglement trends with those other co-evolving drivers. Here, we review mechanistic bases at spatial scales, paying particular attention independent interactive influence context environmental changes. We then evaluate consequences within key contexts, resources, croplands, wildfire risk mitigation natural grasslands forests. conclude recommendations describing could be altered mitigate otherwise highly deleterious rising VPD.

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of record-breaking compound heatwave and drought events in 2022 China on vegetation growth

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 344, С. 109799 - 109799

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Field experiments have enhanced our understanding of drought impacts on terrestrial ecosystems—But where do we go from here?

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(1), С. 76 - 97

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2023

Abstract We review results from field experiments that simulate drought, an ecologically impactful global change threat is predicted to increase in magnitude, extent, duration and frequency. Our goal address, primarily ecosystem perspective, the questions ‘What have we learned drought experiments?’ ‘Where do go here?’. Drought are among most numerous climate manipulations been deployed across a wide range of biomes, although conducted short‐statured, water‐limited ecosystems. Collectively, these enabled ecologists quantify negative responses occur for aspects structure function. Multiple meta‐analyses also comparisons relative effect sizes hundreds sites, particularly carbon cycle metrics. Overall, provided strong evidence sensitivity increases with aridity, but plant traits associated aridity not necessarily predictive resistance. There intriguing as magnitude or extreme levels, strategies may shift tolerance escape/avoidance. highlight three areas where more needed advance our understanding. First, because intensifying multiple ways, address alterations versus duration, timing and/or frequency (individually interactively). Second, drivers be shifting—from precipitation deficits rising atmospheric demand water—and disentangling how ecosystems respond changes hydrological ‘supply demand’ critical understanding impacts future. Finally, attention should focussed on post‐drought recovery periods since legacies can affect functioning much longer than itself. conclude call fundamental focus those designed ‘response experiments’, quantifying function, ‘mechanistic experiments’—those explicitly manipulate ecological processes attributes thought underpin responses. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

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Inter-provenance variability and phenotypic plasticity of wood and leaf traits related to hydraulic safety and efficiency in seven European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances differing in yield

Annals of Forest Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 81(1)

Опубликована: Март 4, 2024

Abstract Key message Seven European beech provenances differing largely in growth performance were grown at two common garden sites Germany and Slovakia. The intra-specific variability of most traits was explained more by phenotypic plasticity than inter-provenance variability, efficiency-related showed a higher safety-related traits. Context To maintain climate-resilient future forests, replicated common-garden experiments are suited for developing assisted migration strategies key tree species. Aims We analysed the magnitude 12 functional ( Fagus sylvatica L.) whether climate place origin left an imprint. Moreover, we asked is unrelated to xylem safety what extent foliar, growth-related coordinated. Methods Terminal branches collected from 19-year-old 22-year-old trees seven planted Slovakia, respectively. Three hydraulic, three wood anatomical four foliar measured related variables. Results At sites, same pair highest lowest growth. Nevertheless, high degree observed, as all differed significantly between after accounting provenance effects, with hydraulic showing plasticity. There no evidence embolism resistance P 50 ) or carbon isotope signature (δ 13 C), proxy intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), both positively correlated lumen-to-sapwood area ratio vessel density. Conclusions Because lacking trade-off growth, highly productive can be selected without reducing drought tolerance branch xylem. However, only one element trees’ response, it may beneficial select other conservative adaptations such smaller lumen areas increasing small supported total leaf reduction transpiration.

Язык: Английский

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Dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrates during drought and subsequent recovery: A global meta-analysis

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 363, С. 110429 - 110429

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Accounting for trait variability and coordination in predictions of drought‐induced range shifts in woody plants

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 240(1), С. 23 - 40

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2023

Summary Functional traits offer a promising avenue to improve predictions of species range shifts under climate change, which will entail warmer and often drier conditions. Although the conceptual foundation linking with plant performance appears solid, predictive ability individual remains generally low. In this review, we address apparent paradox, emphasizing examples woody plants associated drought responses at species' rear edge. Low reflects fact not only that dynamics tend be complex multifactorial, as well uncertainty in identification relevant limited data availability, but also trait effects are scale‐ context‐dependent. The latter results from interactions among (e.g. compensatory effects) between them environment exposure), ultimately determine persistence colonization capacity. To confront complexity, more balanced coverage main functional dimensions involved (stress tolerance, resource use, regeneration dispersal) is needed, modelling approaches must developed explicitly account for: coordination hierarchical context; variability space time its relationship exposure; effect biotic an ecological community context.

Язык: Английский

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Transcriptome profiles reveal response mechanisms and key role of PsNAC1 in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica to drought stress

BMC Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2024

Abstract Background Drought stress severely impedes plant growth, and only a limited number of species exhibit long-term resistance to such conditions. Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica , dominant tree in arid semi-arid regions China, exhibits strong drought plays crucial role the local ecosystem. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this remain poorly understood. Results Here, we conducted transcriptome sequence physiological indicators analysis needle samples during treatment rehydration stages. De-novo assembly yielded approximately 114,152 unigenes with an N50 length 1,363 bp. We identified 6,506 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), majority being concentrated heavy stage (4,529 DEGs). Functional annotation revealed enrichment drought-related GO terms as response water (GO:0009415: enriched 108 genes) deprivation (GO:0009414: 106 genes), well KEGG categories including MAPK signaling pathway (K04733: 35 monoterpenoid biosynthesis (K21374: 27 genes). Multiple transcription factor families functional protein were treatment. Co-expression network potential regulatory between cytochrome P450 (Unigene4122_c1_g1) core Unigene9098_c3_g1 ( PsNAC1 ) highly significant expression differences. validated overexpression Arabidopsis demonstrated enhanced resistance. Conclusions These findings provide insight into basis P. lay foundation for further exploration its network.

Язык: Английский

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Vapour pressure deficit modulates hydraulic function and structure of tropical rainforests under nonlimiting soil water supply

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 240(4), С. 1405 - 1420

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2023

Atmospheric conditions are expected to become warmer and drier in the future, but little is known about how evaporative demand influences forest structure function independently from soil moisture availability, fast-response variables (such as canopy water potential stomatal conductance) may mediate longer-term changes response climate change. We used two tropical rainforest sites with different temperatures vapour pressure deficits (VPD), nonlimiting supply, assess impact of on ecophysiological structure. Common species between allowed us test extent which composition, relative abundance intraspecific variability contributed site-level differences. The highest VPD site had lower midday potentials, conductance (gc ), annual transpiration, stature, biomass, while transpiration rate was less sensitive VPD; it also height-diameter allometry (accounting for 51% difference biomass sites) higher plot-level wood density. Our findings suggest that increases VPD, even absence limitation, influence variables, such potentials gc , potentially leading stature resulting reductions biomass.

Язык: Английский

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Finding balance: Tree‐ring isotopes differentiate between acclimation and stress‐induced imbalance in a long‐term irrigation experiment

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) is a common European tree species, and understanding its acclimation to the rapidly changing climate through physiological, biochemical or structural adjustments vital for predicting future growth. We investigated long‐term irrigation experiment at naturally dry forest in Switzerland, comparing trees that have been continuously irrigated 17 years ) with those which was interrupted after 10 stop non‐irrigated control ), using growth, xylogenesis, wood anatomy, carbon, oxygen hydrogen stable isotope measurements water, sugars cellulose of plant tissues. The dendrochronological analyses highlighted three distinct phases treatments: experienced (i) significant growth increase first 4 treatment, (ii) high rates but declining trend following 8 finally (iii) regression pre‐irrigation rates, suggesting development new limitation (i.e. acclimation). introduction treatment resulted further reductions below‐control levels during third phase. Irrigated showed longer periods lower tree‐ring δ 13 C values, reflecting stomatal restrictions than trees. Their strong 18 O 2 H (O–H) relationship reflected hydrological signature similarly control. On contrary, had conservative anatomical traits, weak O–H relationship, indicating physiological imbalance. Tree vitality (identified by crown transparency) significantly modulated traits C, low‐vitality all treatments performing regardless water availability. thus provide quantitative indicators assessing imbalance environmental stresses. also show crucial shaping such responses. These findings are fundamental early assessment ecosystem imbalances decline under change.

Язык: Английский

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Morpho-physiological adaptations to drought stress in nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing plants

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2024

Drought profoundly affects the morpho-physiological responses of desert plants in dryland. To scrutinize nitrogen (N)-fixing legumes ( Ammopiptanthus mongolicus , Caragana korshinskii ), N-fixing non-legumes Elaeagnus angustifolia Hippophae rhamnoides and non-N-fixing Nitraria tangutorum Haloxylon ammodendron ) under varied drought stress levels (75%, 50%, 25% 5% soil water holding capacity), a pot experiment was conducted greenhouse. Following prolonged deficit, carbon (C) N stoichiometry, metabolic rates, plant growth, biomass distribution unstressed stressed were recorded. Intensified significantly reduced stem, root whole-plant biomass, with no significant changes observed leaf dry-fresh mass ratio, specific area, intrinsic use efficiency to shoot ratio. However, other traits impacted differently, reflecting distinct adaptive strategies among three functional types (PFTs). Patterns trait-soil content (SWC) relationships across different PFTs, followed by displayed greater sensitivity SWC variations than plants. This resulted shift from stronger trait-SWC relationship less correlated The diverse PFTs suggest limitation as decreases.

Язык: Английский

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