Leaf angle as a leaf and canopy trait: Rejuvenating its role in ecology with new technology

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 26(6), С. 1005 - 1020

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2023

Abstract Life on Earth depends the conversion of solar energy to chemical by plants through photosynthesis. A fundamental challenge in optimizing photosynthesis is adjust leaf angles efficiently use intercepted sunlight under constraints heat stress, water loss and competition. Despite importance angle, until recently, we have lacked data frameworks describe predict angle dynamics their impacts leaves globe. We review role studies ecophysiology, ecosystem ecology earth system science, highlight essential yet understudied as an ecological strategy regulate plant carbon–water–energy nexus bridge leaf, canopy processes. Using two models, show that variations significant not only canopy‐scale photosynthesis, balance efficiency but also light competition within forest canopy. New techniques measure are emerging, opening opportunities understand rarely‐measured intraspecific, interspecific, seasonal interannual implications biology science. conclude proposing three directions for future research.

Язык: Английский

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Plant Strategies

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2023

Abstract Plants have evolved a remarkable array of adaptive solutions to the existential problem survival and reproduction in world where disturbances can be deadly, resources are scarce, competition is cutthroat. inherited phenotypic traits that increased their chance success, these indicators strategies for establishment survival. A plant strategy thought as “how species sustains population” (Westoby, 1998, p. 214) because all successful must positive demographic outcomes habitats which they adapted. This book aims articulate coherent framework studying unifies demography with functional ecology advance prediction ecology. Central this traits: heritable morphological, physiological, phenological attributes plants influence therefore drive fitness differences among species.

Язык: Английский

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Advancing understanding of land–atmosphere interactions by breaking discipline and scale barriers

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1522(1), С. 74 - 97

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

Abstract Vegetation and atmosphere processes are coupled through a myriad of interactions linking plant transpiration, carbon dioxide assimilation, turbulent transport moisture, heat atmospheric constituents, aerosol formation, moist convection, precipitation. Advances in our understanding hampered by discipline barriers challenges the role small spatiotemporal scales. In this perspective, we propose to study atmosphere–ecosystem interaction as continuum integrating leaf regional scales (multiscale) biochemical physical (multiprocesses). The ahead (1) How do clouds canopies affect transferring in‐canopy penetration radiation, thereby impacting photosynthesis biogenic chemical transformations? (2) is radiative energy spatially distributed converted into fluxes heat, carbon, reactive compounds? (3) local (leaf‐canopy‐clouds, 1 m kilometers) interact with meteorology composition (kilometers 100 km)? (4) can integrate feedbacks between cloud effects physiology reduce uncertainties climate projections driven warming enhanced levels? Our methodology integrates fine‐scale explicit simulations new observational techniques determine unresolved small‐scale weather models.

Язык: Английский

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Leaf-level coordination principles propagate to the ecosystem scale

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июль 4, 2023

Abstract Fundamental axes of variation in plant traits result from trade-offs between costs and benefits resource-use strategies at the leaf scale. However, it is unclear whether similar propagate to ecosystem level. Here, we test trait correlation patterns predicted by three well-known leaf- plant-level coordination theories – economics spectrum, global spectrum form function, least-cost hypothesis are also observed community mean processes. We combined functional properties FLUXNET sites, vegetation properties, into corresponding principal component analyses. find that (90 sites), function (89 (82 sites) all evidence additional scale-emergent properties. Evaluating may aid development more realistic dynamic models with critical empirical data, reducing uncertainty climate change projections.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental versus phylogenetic controls on leaf nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in vascular plants

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2024

Abstract Global patterns of leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry have been interpreted as reflecting phenotypic plasticity in response to the environment, or an overriding effect distribution species growing their biogeochemical niches. Here, we balance these contrasting views. We compile a global dataset 36,413 paired observations N P concentrations, taxonomy 45 environmental covariates, covering 7,549 sites 3,700 species, investigate how identity variables control variations mass-based N:P ratio. find within-species variation contributes around half total variation, with 29%, 31%, 22% N, P, respectively, explained by variables. Within-species along gradients varies across is highest for lowest N. identified effects on using random forest models, whereas were largely missed widely used linear mixed-effect models. Our analysis demonstrates substantial influence environment driving plastic responses within which challenges reports fixed niche importance distributions shaping P.

Язык: Английский

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Modelling optimal ligninolytic activity during plant litter decomposition

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 243(3), С. 866 - 880

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2024

Summary A large fraction of plant litter comprises recalcitrant aromatic compounds (lignin and other phenolics). Quantifying the fate is difficult, because oxidative degradation carbon (C) a costly but necessary endeavor for microorganisms, we do not know when gains from decomposition C outweigh energetic costs. To evaluate these tradeoffs, developed model in which rate optimized dynamically to maximize microbial growth given costs maintaining ligninolytic activity. We tested performance against > 200 datasets collected published literature assessed effects climate chemistry on decomposition. The predicted time‐varying oxidation rate, was used calculate lag time before initiated. Warmer conditions increased rates, shortened oxidation, improved C‐use efficiency by decreasing oxidation. Moreover, higher initial content promoted an earlier start under any climate. With this contribution, highlight application eco‐evolutionary approaches based life strategies as alternative parametrization scheme models.

Язык: Английский

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A unifying principle for global greenness patterns and trends

Communications Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Abstract Vegetation cover regulates the exchanges of energy, water and carbon between land atmosphere. Remotely-sensed fractional absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR), a land-surface greenness measure, depends on allocation to foliage while also controlling photon flux for photosynthesis. Here we use an equation with just two globally fitted parameters describe annual maximum fAPAR as smaller water-limited value transpiring constant fraction precipitation, energy-limited maximizing plant growth. This minimalist description reproduces global patterns temporal trends in remote-sensing data, comparable best-performing dynamic vegetation models. Widely observed greening is attributed principally influence rising dioxide light- water-use efficiencies photosynthesis; limited browning regions are drying. research provides one key component ecosystem function step towards more robust foundations new-generation

Язык: Английский

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Generalized Stomatal Optimization of Evolutionary Fitness Proxies for Predicting Plant Gas Exchange Under Drought, Heatwaves, and Elevated CO₂

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 31(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Stomata control plant water loss and photosynthetic carbon gain. Developing more generalized accurate stomatal models is essential for earth system predicting responses under novel environmental conditions associated with global change. Plant optimality theories offer one promising approach, but most such assume that conductance maximizes net assimilation subject to some cost or constraint of water. We move beyond this approach by developing a new, theory conductance, optimizing any non‐foliar proxy requires reserves, like growth, survival, reproduction. overcome two prior limitations. First, we reconcile the computational efficiency instantaneous optimization biologically meaningful dynamic feedback over lifespans. Second, incorporate non‐steady‐state physics in account temporal changes water, carbon, energy storage within its environment occur timescales stomata act, contrary previous theories. Our optimal compares well observations from seedlings, saplings, mature trees field greenhouse experiments. model predicts predispositions mortality during 2018 European drought captures realistic cues, including partial alleviation heat stress evaporative cooling negative effect accumulating foliar soluble carbohydrates, promoting closure elevated CO 2 . advance incorporating evolutionary fitness proxies enhance utility without compromising realism, offering promise future realistically accurately predict fluxes.

Язык: Английский

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Ecosystem Photosynthesis in Land‐Surface Models: A First‐Principles Approach Incorporating Acclimation

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2021

Abstract Vegetation regulates land‐atmosphere, water, and energy exchanges is an essential component of land‐surface models (LSMs). However, LSMs have been handicapped by assumptions that equate acclimated photosynthetic responses to the environment with fast observable in laboratory. The effects acclimation can be taken into account including PFT‐specific values parameters, but at cost increasing parameter requirements. Here, we develop alternative approach for adopting P model, existing light‐use efficiency model gross primary production (GPP) implicitly predicts parameters on a weekly monthly timescale via optimality principles. We demonstrate it possible explicitly separate slow environmental conditions, allowing simulation GPP sub‐daily timesteps required coupling LSM. resulting reproduces diurnal cycles recorded eddy‐covariance flux towers temperate grassland boreal, tropical forests. best performance achieved when biochemical capacities are adjusted match recent midday conditions. Comparison between this operational LSM European Centre Medium‐range Weather Forecasts climate shows new has better predictive power most sites years analyzed, particularly summer autumn. Our analyses suggest simple parameter‐sparse method include both instantaneous within framework, potential applications weather, climate, carbon‐cycle modeling.

Язык: Английский

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Optimality principles explaining divergent responses of alpine vegetation to environmental change

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 29(1), С. 126 - 142

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2022

Recent increases in vegetation greenness over much of the world reflect increasing CO2 globally and warming cold areas. However, strength response to both those areas appears be declining for unclear reasons, contributing large uncertainties predicting how will respond future global changes. Here, we investigated changes satellite-observed peak season absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (Fmax ) on Tibetan Plateau between 1982 2016. Although climate trends are similar across Plateau, identified robust divergent responses (a greening 0.31 ± 0.14% year-1 drier regions a browning 0.12 0.08% wetter regions). Using an eco-evolutionary optimality (EEO) concept plant acclimation/adaptation, propose parsimonious modelling framework that quantitatively explains these terms water energy limitations. Our model captured variations Fmax with correlation coefficient (r) .76 root mean squared error .12 predicted (0.32 0.19% (0.07 0.06% ). We also observed reduced sensitivities precipitation temperature. The allows us explain changes: Enhanced growing cumulative has opposite effects use uptake. Increased overwhelmingly positive effect regions, whereas reduces by cost building maintaining leaf area. Rising stimulates growth enhancing water-use efficiency, but its photosynthesis saturates. decrease sensitivity reflects shift from limitation. study demonstrates potential EEO approaches reveal mechanisms underlying recent provides further insight into alpine ecosystems ongoing change.

Язык: Английский

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