Oxford University Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown, С. 159 - 212
Опубликована: Июль 27, 2023
Abstract
Modules
are
the
basic
architectural
building
blocks
of
a
plant.
Roots
anchor
plants
in
place,
provide
support
for
growing
stems,
acquire
water
and
mineral
nutrients
from
soil,
transport
minerals
to
aboveground
tissues.
Clonality
bud
banks
neglected
aspect
plant
form
function.
Stems
canopies
leaves
branches,
store
water,
minerals,
carbohydrates.
Leaves
face
fundamental
constraint:
they
must
lose
gain
carbon.
The
leaf
economics
spectrum
describes
trade-off
between
rate
carbon
fixation
cost
tissue
construction.
Defining
globally
comparable
phenological
traits
is
an
important
unsolved
problem.
innovation
seeds
revolutionized
reproduction
because
fertilization
was
no
longer
limited
wet
environments,
it
enabled
young
travel
dormant
state
find
more
favorable
opportunities
colonization.
Our
understanding
dimensionality
functional
rapidly
growing,
but
at
least
five
dimensions
important:
spectrum,
height,
rooting
depth,
belowground
collaboration
with
fungi,
seed-or-resprout
spectrum.
Evolution
branching
process
species
that
close
together
on
evolutionary
tree
likely
share
similar
phenotypic
closely
related,
especially
when
strongly
conserved.
However,
phylogenetic
conservatism
not
only
explanation
trait
similarity
among
related
natural
selection
can
also
explain
it.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 27, 2023
Abstract
Plants
have
evolved
a
remarkable
array
of
adaptive
solutions
to
the
existential
problem
survival
and
reproduction
in
world
where
disturbances
can
be
deadly,
resources
are
scarce,
competition
is
cutthroat.
inherited
phenotypic
traits
that
increased
their
chance
success,
these
indicators
strategies
for
establishment
survival.
A
plant
strategy
thought
as
“how
species
sustains
population”
(Westoby,
1998,
p.
214)
because
all
successful
must
positive
demographic
outcomes
habitats
which
they
adapted.
This
book
aims
articulate
coherent
framework
studying
unifies
demography
with
functional
ecology
advance
prediction
ecology.
Central
this
traits:
heritable
morphological,
physiological,
phenological
attributes
plants
influence
therefore
drive
fitness
differences
among
species.
New Phytologist,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
240(6), С. 2204 - 2209
Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2023
Summary
Plant
evolution
has
been
characterised
by
a
series
of
major
novelties
in
their
vegetative
and
reproductive
traits
that
have
led
to
greater
complexity.
Underpinning
this
diversification
the
genome.
When
viewed
at
scale
plant
kingdom,
genome
punctuated
conspicuous
instances
gene
whole‐genome
duplication,
horizontal
transfer
extensive
loss.
The
periods
dynamic
often
coincide
with
key
traits,
demonstrating
coevolution
genomes
phenotypes
macroevolutionary
scale.
Conventionally,
complexity
diversity
considered
through
lens
duplication
role
loss
remains
comparatively
unexplored.
However,
light
reductive
across
multiple
lineages,
association
between
phenotypic
warrants
attention.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
194(1), С. 15 - 32
Опубликована: Июль 3, 2023
Abstract
Green
algae
display
a
wide
range
of
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
components
that
include
various
types
cell
walls
(CW),
scales,
crystalline
glycoprotein
coverings,
hydrophobic
compounds,
and
complex
gels
or
mucilage.
Recently,
new
information
derived
from
genomic/transcriptomic
screening,
advanced
biochemical
analyses,
immunocytochemical
studies,
ecophysiology
has
significantly
enhanced
refined
our
understanding
the
green
algal
ECM.
In
later
diverging
charophyte
group
algae,
CW
other
ECM
provide
insight
into
evolution
plants
ways
modulates
during
environmental
stress.
Chlorophytes
produce
diverse
components,
many
which
have
been
exploited
for
uses
in
medicine,
food,
biofuel
production.
This
review
highlights
major
advances
studies
algae.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Май 27, 2024
Abstract
Root
nodule
symbiosis
(RNS)
is
a
complex
trait
that
enables
plants
to
access
atmospheric
nitrogen
converted
into
usable
forms
through
mutualistic
relationship
with
soil
bacteria.
Pinpointing
the
evolutionary
origins
of
RNS
critical
for
understanding
its
genetic
basis,
but
building
this
context
complicated
by
data
limitations
and
intermittent
presence
in
single
clade
ca.
30,000
species
flowering
plants,
i.e.,
nitrogen-fixing
(NFC).
We
developed
most
extensive
de
novo
phylogeny
NFC
an
database
reconstruct
evolution
RNS.
Our
analysis
identifies
rate
heterogeneity
associated
two-step
process:
An
ancestral
precursor
state
transitioned
more
labile
from
which
was
rapidly
gained
at
multiple
points
NFC.
illustrate
how
process
could
explain
independent
gains
losses
RNS,
contrary
recent
hypotheses
suggesting
one
gain
numerous
losses,
suggest
broader
phylogenetic
scope
may
be
required
genome-phenome
mapping.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
190(1), С. 85 - 99
Опубликована: Июль 29, 2022
Abstract
The
evolution
of
transporting
tissues
was
an
important
innovation
in
terrestrial
plants
that
allowed
them
to
adapt
almost
all
nonaquatic
environments.
These
consist
water-conducting
cells
and
food-conducting
bridge
plant–soil
plant–air
interfaces
over
long
distances.
largest
group
land
plants,
representing
about
95%
known
plant
species,
is
associated
with
morphologically
complex
tissue
a
range
additional
traits.
Therefore,
this
entire
clade
named
tracheophytes,
or
vascular
plants.
However,
some
nonvascular
possess
conductive
closely
resemble
their
organization,
structure,
function.
Recent
molecular
studies
also
point
highly
conserved
toolbox
regulators
for
tissues.
Here,
we
reflect
on
the
distinguishing
features
evolutionary
history.
Rather
than
sudden
emergence
complex,
tissues,
likely
evolved
gradually,
building
pre-existing
developmental
mechanisms
genetic
components.
Improved
knowledge
intimate
structure
regulation
across
taxonomic
breadth
extant
lineages,
combined
more
comprehensive
documentation
fossil
record
required
full
understanding
trajectory
Annual Review of Plant Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
75(1), С. 579 - 604
Опубликована: Март 1, 2024
Amphibious
plants
can
grow
and
survive
in
both
aquatic
terrestrial
environments.
This
review
explores
the
diverse
adaptations
that
enable
them
to
thrive
such
contrasting
habitats.
Plants
with
amphibious
lifestyles
possess
fascinating
traits,
their
phenotypic
plasticity
plays
an
important
role
adaptations.
Heterophylly,
ability
produce
different
leaf
forms,
is
one
trait,
submerged
leaves
generally
being
longer,
narrower,
thinner
than
aerial
leaves.
In
addition
drastic
changes
contours,
display
significant
anatomical
physiological
changes,
including
a
reduction
stomatal
number
cuticle
thickness
photosynthesis
mode.
summarizes
compares
regulatory
mechanisms
evolutionary
origins
of
based
on
molecular
biology
studies
actively
conducted
recent
years
using
novel
model
plant
species.
Studying
will
enhance
our
understanding
Summary
Contemporary
glaciers
are
inhabited
by
streptophyte
algae
that
balance
photosynthesis
and
growth
with
tolerance
of
low
temperature,
desiccation
UV
radiation.
These
same
environmental
challenges
have
been
hypothesised
as
the
driving
force
behind
evolution
land
plants
from
algal
ancestors
in
Cryogenian
(720–635
million
years
ago).
We
sequenced,
assembled
analysed
metagenome‐assembled
genome
glacier
alga
Ancylonema
nordenskiöldii
to
investigate
its
adaptations
life
ice,
whether
this
represents
a
vestige
exaptations.
Phylogenetic
analysis
confirms
placement
within
sister
lineage
plants,
Zygnematophyceae.
The
is
characterised
an
expansion
genes
involved
high
irradiance
light,
while
lineage‐specific
diversification
linked
novel
screening
pigmentation
algae.
found
no
support
for
hypothesis
common
genomic
basis
ice
streptophytes.
Comparative
genomics
revealed
reductive
morphological
ancestor
Zygnematophyceae
was
accompanied
evolution.
This
first
genome‐scale
data
suggests
‐specific
adaptation
cryosphere,
sheds
light
on
