Plant Cell & Environment,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
47(4), С. 1160 - 1170
Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2023
Abstract
Increased
drought
conditions
impact
tree
health,
negatively
disrupting
plant
water
transport
which,
in
turn,
affects
growth
and
survival.
Persistent
legacy
effects
have
been
documented
many
diverse
ecosystems,
yet
we
still
lack
a
mechanistic
understanding
of
the
physiological
processes
limiting
recovery
after
drought.
Tackling
this
question,
exposed
saplings
common
Australian
evergreen
(
Eucalyptus
viminalis
)
to
cycle
rewatering,
seeking
evidence
for
link
between
spread
xylem
cavitation
within
crown
degree
photosynthetic
postdrought.
Individual
leaves
experiencing
>35%
vein
quickly
died
but
did
not
translate
rapid
overall
canopy
damage.
Rather,
whole
canopies
showed
gradual
decline
mean
postdrought
gas
exchange
rates
as
stress
increased.
This
loss
function
was
due
significant
variation
vulnerability
leading
diversity
capacity
single
recover
These
results
from
E.
emphasise
importance
within‐crown
central
character
regulating
dynamics
death
severity
through
time.
Plant Biology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
24(7), С. 1132 - 1145
Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2022
During
the
particularly
severe
hot
summer
drought
in
2018,
widespread
premature
leaf
senescence
was
observed
several
broadleaved
tree
species
Central
Europe,
European
beech
(Fagus
sylvatica
L.).
For
beech,
it
is
yet
unknown
whether
evoked
a
decline
towards
mortality
or
trees
can
recover
longer
term.
In
this
study,
we
monitored
crown
dieback,
and
secondary
damage
symptoms
963
initially
live
that
exhibited
either
normal
2018
three
regions
northern
Switzerland
from
to
2021.
We
related
multiple
climate-
stand-related
parameters.
Cumulative
continuously
increased
up
7.2%
1.3%
2021
for
with
respectively.
Mean
dieback
surviving
peaked
at
29.2%
2020
8.1%
2019
senescence,
Thereafter,
showed
first
signs
of
recovery.
Crown
more
pronounced
recovery
slower
growing
on
drier
sites,
larger
trees.
The
presence
bleeding
cankers
24.6%
10.7%
bark
beetle
holes
22.8%
14.8%
Both
occurred
frequently
had
higher
proportions
and/or
2018.
Our
findings
demonstrate
context-specific
differences
reflecting
importance
regional
local
climate
soil
conditions.
Adapting
management
increase
forest
resilience
gaining
importance,
given
expected
further
dry
sites
Switzerland.
Forests,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(2), С. 248 - 248
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2023
A
combined
severe
heatwave
and
drought,
starting
in
2018
lasting
for
several
months,
restarted
the
discussion
on
resistance
of
European
beech
to
climatic
changes,
with
growth
reductions,
early
leaf
senescence,
browning,
diebacks
reported
across
Central
Europe.
These
responses
may
result
long-term
impacts
such
as
reduced
vitality
beech,
especially
under
potential
future
drought
periods.
While
2003
caused
crown
damage
defoliation
a
loss
vitality,
resulting
insect
fungal
infestations
subsequent
dieback,
was
even
more
terms
geographical
scale,
duration,
intensity
reports
complete
mortality
were
exacerbated
some
regions
by
consecutive
2019
secondary
attacks
from
pathogens,
well
further
vitality.
Such
enhanced
exposure
trees
could
push
them
beyond
their
hydraulic
safety
margins.
Moreover,
legacy
effects
due
past
droughts
lead
lower
recovery
over
time,
potentially
leading
tree
death.
In
order
better
predict
Europe,
both
short-
influence
post-drought
should
be
explored,
adaptive
forest
management
strategies
evaluated.
synergistic
or
additive
interactions
biotic
disturbances,
require
investigation.
Long-term
monitoring
data
facilitates
investigations
beech.
Global Change Biology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
29(3), С. 763 - 779
Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2022
Abstract
Increasing
exposure
to
climate
warming‐related
drought
and
heat
threatens
forest
vitality
in
many
regions
on
earth,
with
the
trees'
vulnerability
likely
depending
local
climatic
aridity,
recent
trends,
edaphic
conditions,
acclimatization
adaptation
of
populations.
Studies
exploring
tree
species'
change
often
have
a
focus
or
model
entire
distribution
range,
which
hampers
separation
drivers
vulnerability.
We
compared
radial
growth
trends
sensitivity
central
populations
widespread
naturally
dominant
species
Europe,
European
beech
(
Fagus
sylvatica
),
at
30
sites
across
steep
precipitation
gradient
(500–850
mm
year
−1
)
short
length
assess
adaptive
potential.
Size‐standardized
basal
area
increment
remained
more
constant
during
period
accelerated
warming
since
early
1980s
>360
growing
season
(April–September),
while
were
negative
<360
mm.
Climatic
June
appeared
as
most
influential
factor
affecting
growth,
stronger
effect
drier
sites.
A
decadal
decrease
water
balance
summer
was
identified
important
leading
decline,
is
amplified
by
higher
stem
densities.
Inter‐annual
variability
has
increased
1980s,
generally
sandier
Similarly,
within‐population
synchrony
balance.
Our
results
caution
against
predicting
trees
solely
from
projections,
soil
properties
emerged
an
modulating
factor.
conclude
that
facing
decline
centre
its
driven
change‐related
aridification.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
868, С. 161601 - 161601
Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023
Against
the
backdrop
of
global
change,
intensity,
duration,
and
frequency
droughts
are
projected
to
increase
threaten
forest
ecosystems
worldwide.
Tree
responses
drought
complex
likely
vary
among
species,
characteristics,
site
conditions.
Here,
we
examined
response
patterns
three
major
temperate
tree
s.
fir
(Abies
alba),
E.
beech
(Fagus
sylvatica),
N.
spruce
(Picea
abies),
along
an
ecological
gradient
in
South
-
Central
East
part
Germany
that
included
a
total
37
sites
with
varying
climatic
soil
We
relied
on
annual
tree-ring
data
assess
influence
different
characteristics
(micro-)
conditions
components
resilience
detect
associated
temporal
changes.
Our
study
revealed
nutrient
regime,
frequency,
hydraulic
previous
subsequent
years
were
main
determinants
responses,
pronounced
differences
species.
Specifically,
found
(a)
higher
was
resistance
for
beech;
(b)
more
favorable
two
preceding
following
increased
determined
recovery
potential
after
extreme
drought;
(c)
site's
rather
than
micro-site
water
availability,
trees
growing
balanced
regime
having
capacity
withstand
stress;
(d)
experienced
long-term
decline
resilience.
results
indicate
under
stress
benefit
from
supply
highlight
relevance
availability
immediately
droughts.
Observed
trends
confirm
is
suffering
persistent
changes,
while
coping
better.
These
findings
might
be
especially
relevant
monitoring,
scenario
analyses,
ecosystem
management.
Forest Ecology and Management,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
545, С. 121305 - 121305
Опубликована: Июль 29, 2023
During
the
summer
of
2022,
an
acute
drought
once
more
afflicted
central
and
southern
Europe.
This
marked
third
episode
(after
2015
2018)
severe
aridity
in
large
parts
Germany
within
last
decade,
leading
to
increased
soil
water
depletion.
Consequently,
from
July
2022
onward,
European
beech
trees
(Fagus
sylvatica
L.)
exhibited
early
withering
pronounced
premature
defoliation.
Nevertheless,
crown
defoliation
substantial
variation
among
same
forest
stands,
prompting
questions
regarding
causal
factors.
In
our
study,
we
scrutinized
twelve
mature
drought-impacted,
beech-dominated
stands
northern
Bavaria,
arranged
along
a
gradient
different
nutrient
regime
levels
(base-rich,
intermediate,
base-poor),
with
co-occurring
vital
(≤40%
defoliation)
declining
(≥60%
trees.
Within
each
stand,
selected
equal
number
trees,
culminating
total
332
target
Dendrochronological
patterns
were
analyzed
identify
potential
timing
growth
separation
between
vitality
classes.
Moreover,
used
Bayesian
modelling
framework
discern
whether
disparities
tree
hinged
on
competition,
structure,
small-scale
differences
plant-available
capacity,
spatial
clustering
competitors.
We
further
explored
factors
influencing
magnitude
decline
post-2018
how
these
modulated
by
site's
regime.
Our
study
unveiled
that
(i)
low
competition
size
diversity
bolstered
vitality;
(ii)
spatially
aggregated;
(iii)
strikingly
similar
trajectories
past,
which
underwent
drastic
shift
following
2018,
indicating
for
rapid
under
recurrent
stress;
(iv)
capacity
emerged
as
crucial
determinant
subsequent
2018;
(v)
was
most
at
base-poor
intermediate
sites.
findings
underscore
importance
accommodating
stand
characteristics
advocate
silvicultural
guidance
towards
reduced
densities
combination
heterogenous
structure
mitigate
dieback
drought-prone
stands.
New Phytologist,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
239(2), С. 533 - 546
Опубликована: Май 26, 2023
Trees
remain
sufficiently
hydrated
during
drought
by
closing
stomata
and
reducing
canopy
conductance
(Gc
)
in
response
to
variations
atmospheric
water
demand
soil
availability.
Thresholds
that
control
the
reduction
of
Gc
are
proposed
optimize
hydraulic
safety
against
carbon
assimilation
efficiency.
However,
link
between
ability
stem
tissues
rehydrate
at
night
remains
unclear.
We
investigated
whether
species-specific
responses
aim
prevent
branch
embolisms,
or
enable
night-time
rehydration,
which
is
critical
for
turgor-dependent
growth.
For
this,
we
used
a
unique
combination
concurrent
dendrometer,
sap
flow
leaf
potential
measurements
collected
branch-vulnerability
curves
six
common
European
tree
species.
Species-specific
was
weakly
related
potentials
50%
xylem
conductivity
lost
(P50
).
Instead,
found
stronger
relationship
with
rehydration.
Species
were
less
effective
refilling
stem-water
storage
as
dries,
appeared
their
architecture.
Our
findings
highlight
importance
rehydration
water-use
regulation
mature
trees,
likely
relates
maintenance
adequate
turgor.
thus
conclude
must
complement
widely
accepted
safety-efficiency
stomatal
paradigm.
Forests,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(7), С. 1448 - 1448
Опубликована: Июль 14, 2023
Earth’s
forests
are
increasingly
exposed
to
climate
risks
through
change-related
drought
and
heat
waves.
Here,
we
review
the
vulnerability
of
European
beech
(Fagus
sylvatica),
most
abundant
tree
species
Central
Europe’s
temperate
forests,
its
adaptation
potential
a
hotter
drier
in
northern
Germany,
close
center
species’
distribution
range.
About
two-thirds
studied
show
persistent
negative
growth
trends
their
dominant
trees
since
onset
rapid
warming
early
1980s,
driven
primarily
by
long-term
deterioration
climatic
water
balance
(CWB)
summer
and,
locally,
decrease
June
precipitation.
Lower
storage
capacity
soil
increases
sensitivity
growth.
Even
though
populations
sub-regions
reveal
some
acclimation
(reduced
stomatal
conductance,
turgor
loss
point
reduction,
higher
C
allocation
roots),
they
more
climate-vulnerable
than
at
moister
sites,
visible
larger
decreases
greater
CWB
mortality
is
still
lower
study
region
other
parts
Europe,
our
results
identify
forest
regions
with
<350
mm
growing-season
precipitation
as
vulnerable
recent
conditions,
which
refers
half
region.
With
further
aridification,
Germany
likely
will
become
unfavorable
for
within
next
generation,
suggests
choosing
many
production
alternative,
drought-
heat-resistant
timber
species.
Abstract
Residual
canopy
transpiration
(Emin_canop)
is
a
key
physiological
trait
that
determines
trees’
survival
time
under
drought
after
stomatal
closure
and
trees
have
limited
access
to
soil
water.
Emin_canop
mainly
depends
on
leaf
minimum
conductance
(gmin)
vapor
pressure
deficit.
Here
we
determined
the
seasonal
variation
of
gmin
how
related
interspecies
in
cuticular
traits
for
nine
European
tree
species
mature
forest.
In
addition,
species-specific
temperature
responses
gmin.
With
this
newly
obtained
insight,
calculated
one
day
at
our
research
site
during
2022
central
hot
drought.
Our
results
show
ambient
temperatures
ranged
from
0.8
4.8
mmol
m−2
s−1
across
was
stable
most
throughout
growing
season.
The
associated
with
traits.
Additionally,
exhibited
strong
increased,
depending
species,
by
factor
two
four
range
25–50
°C.
For
studied
site,
single
day,
standardized
size
(stem
basal
area)
2.0
36.7
L
m−2,
non-standardized
adult
0.3
5.3
L.
also
rapid
increases
hotter
temperatures.
suggest
trees,
need
reasonable
amounts
water
drought,
even
when
stomates
are
fully
closed.
Species
differences
ultimately
can,
together
other
traits,
affect
ability
keep
its
tissue
hydrated
likely
contribute
vulnerability.
Annals of Forest Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
81(1)
Опубликована: Март 4, 2024
Abstract
Key
message
Seven
European
beech
provenances
differing
largely
in
growth
performance
were
grown
at
two
common
garden
sites
Germany
and
Slovakia.
The
intra-specific
variability
of
most
traits
was
explained
more
by
phenotypic
plasticity
than
inter-provenance
variability,
efficiency-related
showed
a
higher
safety-related
traits.
Context
To
maintain
climate-resilient
future
forests,
replicated
common-garden
experiments
are
suited
for
developing
assisted
migration
strategies
key
tree
species.
Aims
We
analysed
the
magnitude
12
functional
(
Fagus
sylvatica
L.)
whether
climate
place
origin
left
an
imprint.
Moreover,
we
asked
is
unrelated
to
xylem
safety
what
extent
foliar,
growth-related
coordinated.
Methods
Terminal
branches
collected
from
19-year-old
22-year-old
trees
seven
planted
Slovakia,
respectively.
Three
hydraulic,
three
wood
anatomical
four
foliar
measured
related
variables.
Results
At
sites,
same
pair
highest
lowest
growth.
Nevertheless,
high
degree
observed,
as
all
differed
significantly
between
after
accounting
provenance
effects,
with
hydraulic
showing
plasticity.
There
no
evidence
embolism
resistance
P
50
)
or
carbon
isotope
signature
(δ
13
C),
proxy
intrinsic
water
use
efficiency
(iWUE),
both
positively
correlated
lumen-to-sapwood
area
ratio
vessel
density.
Conclusions
Because
lacking
trade-off
growth,
highly
productive
can
be
selected
without
reducing
drought
tolerance
branch
xylem.
However,
only
one
element
trees’
response,
it
may
beneficial
select
other
conservative
adaptations
such
smaller
lumen
areas
increasing
small
supported
total
leaf
reduction
transpiration.
Trees,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
38(3), С. 607 - 623
Опубликована: Март 23, 2024
Abstract
Key
message
Norway
spruce
operates
with
larger
hydraulic
safety
margins
(HSM)
than
beech
and
Douglas-fir
despite
the
known
drought
sensitivity
of
spruce,
questioning
a
pivotal
role
HSM
in
tolerance.
The
exceptional
2018/2019
exposed
Central
Europe’s
forests
to
severe
stress,
highlighting
need
better
understand
stomatal
regulation
strategies
their
relationship
xylem
under
extreme
drought.
We
studied
diurnal,
seasonal,
inter-annual
variation
conductance
(
g
s
)
leaf
water
potential
Ψ
Leaf
co-occurring
European
F.
sylvatica
),
P.
abies
menziesii
trees
two
summers
related
them
traits
characterizing
resistance.
In
2018,
exhibited
continuous
decline
from
June
September,
as
is
characteristic
for
an
anisohydric
strategy,
while
closed
stomata
early
reached
least
negative
-values
at
end
summer.
showed
low
close
P
12
(the
pressure
onset
embolism)
already
July.
Both
conifers
when
approaching
maintained
-levels
throughout
summer,
indicative
isohydric
regulation.
2019,
all
three
species
linear
,
but
crossed
contrast
conifers.
similar
potentials
turgor
loss
point
(−
2.44
−
2.51
MPa)
branch
50
(xylem
50%
conductance;
3.3
3.8
MPa).
Yet,
operated
smaller
(HSM
means:
0.79
0.77
(1.28
reduced
size
specific
area
2019
increased
Huber
value.
Our
comparison
during
contradicts
general
assumption
that
operate
HSMs
angiosperm
trees.
Contrary
expectation,
appeared
hydraulically
less
vulnerable
Douglas-fir.