Unraveling host regulation of gut microbiota through the epigenome–microbiome axis

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 32(12), С. 1229 - 1240

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024

Recent studies of dynamic interactions between epigenetic modifications a host organism and the composition or activity its associated gut microbiota suggest an opportunity for to shape microbiome through alterations that lead changes in gene expression noncoding RNA activity. We use insights from microbiota-induced review potential epigenetically regulate microbiome, which bidirectional 'epigenome–microbiome axis' emerges. This axis embeds environmentally induced variation, may influence adaptive evolution host–microbe interactions. furthermore present our perspective on how epigenome–microbiome can be understood investigated within holo-omic framework with applications applied health food sciences.

Язык: Английский

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To live or let die? Epigenetic adaptations to climate change—a review

Current Zoology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Anthropogenic activities are responsible for a wide array of environmental disturbances that threaten biodiversity. Climate change, encompassing temperature increases, ocean acidification, increased salinity, droughts, and floods caused by frequent extreme weather events, represents one the most significant alterations. These drastic challenges pose ecological constraints, with over million species expected to disappear in coming years. Therefore, organisms must adapt or face potential extinctions. Adaptations can occur not only through genetic changes but also non-genetic mechanisms, which often confer faster acclimatization wider variability ranges than their counterparts. Among these mechanisms epigenetics defined as study molecules perpetuate alternative gene activity states context same DNA sequence. Epigenetics has received attention past decades, epigenetic sensitive cues, epimutations spread populations mutations. Epimutations be neutral, deleterious, adaptative transmitted subsequent generations, making them crucial factors both long- short-term responses fluctuations, such climate change. In this review, we compile existing evidence involvement adaptation change discuss derived perspectives remaining field epigenetics.

Язык: Английский

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A mechanistic basis for genetic assimilation in natural fly populations

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 122(11)

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

Genetic assimilation is a process by which trait originally driven the environment becomes independent of initial cue and expressed constitutively in population. More than seven decades have passed since Waddington's pioneering demonstration acquisition morphological traits through genetic assimilation, but underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we address this gap performing combined genomic analyses experiments using ectopic veins (EV) phenocopy Drosophila as model. Our study reveals EV both outbred inbred fly natural populations, despite their limited diversity. We identified key changes expression developmental genes pinpointed selected alleles involved assimilation. The mainly selection regulatory already present ancestral including downregulation receptor tyrosine kinase gene Cad96Ca insertion transposable element its 3' untranslated region. variation at locus population maintained large chromosomal inversion. In evolution results from polygenic response shaped selective environment. support model for multiple preexisting population, rather stress-induced or epigenetic variation, drives populations.

Язык: Английский

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Antimicrobial resistance in the wild: Insights from epigenetics

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(6)

Опубликована: Май 29, 2024

Spreading of bacterial and fungal strains that are resistant to antimicrobials poses a serious threat the well-being humans, animals, plants. Antimicrobial resistance has been mainly investigated in clinical settings. However, throughout their evolutionary history microorganisms wild have encountered antimicrobial substances, forcing them evolve strategies combat action. It is well known many these based on genetic mechanisms, but do not fully explain important aspects response such as rapid development resistance, reversible phenotypes, hetero-resistance. Consequently, attention turned toward epigenetic pathways may offer additional insights into mechanisms. The aim this review explore mechanisms confer focusing those might be relevant for wild. First, we examine presence natural Then describe documented bacteria fungi associated with discuss innovative editing techniques establish causality context. Finally, relevance dynamics wild, emphasizing critical role priming adaptation process. We underscore necessity incorporating non-genetic our understanding evolution. These invaluable within ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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The evolutionary consequences of interactions between the epigenome, the genome and the environment

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Abstract The epigenome is the suite of interacting chemical marks and molecules that helps to shape patterns development, phenotypic plasticity gene regulation, in part due its responsiveness environmental stimuli. There increasing interest understanding functional evolutionary importance this sensitivity under ecologically realistic conditions. Observations epigenetic variation abounds natural populations have prompted speculation it may facilitate responses rapid perturbations, such as those occurring climate change. A frequent point contention whether variants reflect genetic or are independent it. genome often appear tightly linked interdependent. While many changes genetically determined, converse also true, with DNA sequence influenced by presence marks. Understanding how epigenome, environment interact one another therefore an essential step explaining broader consequences epigenomic variation. Drawing on results from experimental comparative studies carried out diverse plant animal species, we synthesize our current these factors populations, a focus identifying similarities differences between taxonomic groups. We describe main components they vary within taxa. review interacts features determinants, role transposable elements (TEs) integrating environment. And look at recent investigating interactions. Although differentiation nature likely result drift selection stochastic epimutations, there growing evidence significant fraction can be stably inherited could contribute evolution independently

Язык: Английский

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Interchromosomal contacts between regulatory regions trigger stable transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in Drosophila

Molecular Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

Non-genetic information can be inherited across generations in a process known as transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI). In Drosophila, hemizygosity of the Fab-7 regulatory element triggers histone mark H3K27me3 at homologous locus on another chromosome, resulting heritable differences eye color. Here, by mutating transcription factor binding sites within element, we demonstrate importance proteins pleiohomeotic and GAGA establishment maintenance TEI. We show that these function recruiting polycomb repressive complex 2 mediating interchromosomal chromatin contacts between its locus, respectively. Using an vivo synthetic biology system to induce them, then alone establish TEI, providing mechanism which one memory distant trans through contacts.

Язык: Английский

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The Carbon-Based Evolutionary Theory (CBET)

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024

Why did inanimate materials evolve into complex organisms and societies on Earth? This is a fundamental scientific question that has captivated humans for millennia. Here we propose the Carbon-Based Evolutionary Theory (CBET) to provide novel, direct, explicit answers this question. The CBET identifies three key mechanisms based some principles of physics chemistry (e.g., laws thermodynamics) features Earth carbon-based entities (CBEs): driving force mechanism provides energy, structural generates new functions, natural selection accumulates orderliness, all evolution CBEs. These lead progression from chemical biological social evolution, marked by escalating hierarchy CBEs increase in quantity, diversity, orderliness high-hierarchy clarifies roots multiple pivotal seemingly paradoxical management notions, such as inclusiveness competition, altruism selfishness, freedom restriction, well inherited advantages acquired strengths. It advocates balanced, harmonious, peaceful development human society integration countries single harmonious collective. unifies biology with could be basic theory shared sciences sciences. also significant rational society.

Язык: Английский

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The Carbon-Based Evolutionary Theory (CBET)

Опубликована: Май 14, 2024

Why did unordered, simple substances on Earth evolve into orderly, complex, and diverse organisms social organizations? This is a fundamental scientific question that has captivated humans for millennia. Here we propose the Carbon-Based Evolutionary Theory (CBET) to provide novel, direct, explicit, relatively comprehensive answers this question. The CBET identifies three key mechanisms based some well-known principles of physics chemistry (e.g., laws thermodynamics) features carbon-based (CBSs): driving force mechanism provides energy, structure-function generates new functions, natural selection accumulates orderliness, all evolution CBSs. These lead progression from chemical biological evolution, marked by escalating hierarchy CBSs increase in quantity, diversity, orderliness high-hierarchy clarifies roots multiple pivotal seemingly paradoxical notions, such as inclusiveness versus elimination, collaboration competition, altruism selfishness, freedom restriction. It advocates balanced, harmonious, peaceful development human society well integration countries single harmonious collective. unifies biology with could be basic theory shared sciences sciences. also significant rational society.

Язык: Английский

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The Carbon-Based Evolutionary Theory (CBET)

Опубликована: Май 17, 2024

Why and how did unordered, simple substances on Earth evolve into orderly, complex, diverse organisms social organizations? This is a fundamental scientific question that has captivated humans for millennia. Here we propose the Carbon-Based Evolutionary Theory (CBET) to provide novel, explicit, relatively comprehensive answers this question. The CBET identifies three key mechanisms based some principles of classical physics chemistry (e.g., laws thermodynamics organic chemistry) features carbon-based materials (CBMs): driving force mechanism, structure-function natural selection which underpin evolution CBMs with energy, functions, orderliness, respectively. These are shared by phases CBMs: chemical evolution, biological evolution. They escalate hierarchy augment quantity, diversity, orderliness high-hierarchy CBMs. clarifies roots multiple pivotal seemingly paradoxical notions, such as inclusiveness versus elimination, collaboration competition, altruism selfishness, freedom restriction. It advocates balanced, harmonious, peaceful development human society. unifies biology could be basic theory sciences sciences. also significant in rational

Язык: Английский

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The Carbon-Based Evolutionary Theory (CBET)

Опубликована: Май 27, 2024

Why and how did simple unordered substances on Earth evolve into complex, orderly, diverse organisms social organizations? Here we propose the Carbon-Based Evolutionary Theory (CBET) to provide an explicit comprehensive answer this fundamental scientific question. The CBET is based integration of principles physics chemistry (e.g., laws thermodynamics), features having abundant water energy), carbon-based materials (CBMs) using rational logic evidence from a panoramic view. reveals driving force mechanism, structure-function natural selection which underpin evolution with energy supply, function generation, structural optimization, respectively. These three mechanisms escalate hierarchy CBMs, augment quantity, diversity, orderliness high-hierarchy lead chemical, biological, evolution. uncovers roots multiple pivotal seemingly paradoxical notions, such as inclusiveness versus elimination, cooperation competition, altruism selfishness. It advocates for balanced, harmonious, peaceful development human society. could unify biology chemistry, bridge sciences sciences, guide

Язык: Английский

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