Complex activity and short-term plasticity of human cerebral organoids reciprocally connected with axons

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024

Abstract An inter-regional cortical tract is one of the most fundamental architectural motifs that integrates neural circuits to orchestrate and generate complex functions human brain. To understand mechanistic significance projections on development circuits, we investigated an in vitro tissue model for connections, which two cerebral organoids are connected with a bundle reciprocally extended axons. The produced more intense oscillatory activity than conventional or directly fused organoids, suggesting inter-organoid axonal connections enhance support network activity. In addition, optogenetic stimulation axon bundles could entrain induce robust short-term plasticity macroscopic circuit. These results demonstrated projection axons serve as structural hub boosts functionality organoid-circuits. This contribute further investigation neuronal vitro.

Язык: Английский

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Neuronal imbalance of excitation and inhibition in schizophrenia: a scoping review of gamma‐band ASSR findings

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 76(12), С. 610 - 619

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2022

Recent empirical findings suggest that altered neural synchronization, which is hypothesized to be associated with an imbalance of excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) neuronal activities, may underlie a core pathophysiological mechanism in patients schizophrenia. The auditory steady‐state response (ASSR) examined by electroencephalography (EEG) magnetoencephalography (MEG) has been proposed as potential biomarker for evaluating synchronization For this review, we performed comprehensive literature search papers published between 1999 2021 examining ASSRs Almost all EEG‐ASSR studies reported gamma‐band ASSR reductions, especially 40‐Hz stimuli both power and/or phase chronic first‐episode In addition, similar findings, MEG‐ASSR deficits 80‐Hz (high gamma) have Moreover, the likely predictor onset Notably, increased spontaneous (or ongoing) broadband (30–100 Hz) gamma during tasks, resembles activity animal models E/I imbalance. Further research on evoked oscillations expected elucidate pathophysiology schizophrenia translational implications.

Язык: Английский

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Toward recovery in schizophrenia: Current concepts, findings, and future research directions

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 76(7), С. 282 - 291

Опубликована: Март 2, 2022

Schizophrenia was initially defined as “dementia praecox” by E. Kraepelin, which implies progressive deterioration. However, recent studies have revealed that early effective intervention may lead to social and functional recovery in schizophrenia. In this review, we provide an overview of current concepts schizophrenia pathophysiological hypotheses. addition, present findings from clinical basic research on Recent neuroimaging neurophysiological consistently specific biological differences the structure function brain those with From a perspective, determine essential pathophysiology underlying schizophrenia, it is crucial all lines inquiry—induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived neural cells patients, murine models expressing genetic mutations identified patient data—be integrated contextualize analysis results. remain insufficient serve diagnostic tool or biomarker for predicting schizophrenia‐related outcomes. Collaborations conduct based patients' their families' values are just beginning, further development expected.

Язык: Английский

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Breathing in waves: Understanding respiratory-brain coupling as a gradient of predictive oscillations

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 152, С. 105262 - 105262

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2023

Breathing plays a crucial role in shaping perceptual and cognitive processes by regulating the strength synchronisation of neural oscillations. Numerous studies have demonstrated that respiratory rhythms govern wide range behavioural effects across cognitive, affective, domains. Additionally, respiratory-modulated brain oscillations been observed various mammalian models diverse frequency spectra. However, comprehensive framework to elucidate these disparate phenomena remains elusive. In this review, we synthesise existing findings propose gradient examine recent computational map onto hierarchical cascade precision-weighted prediction errors. By deciphering mechanisms underlying control processes, can potentially uncover new pathways for understanding link between respiratory-brain coupling psychiatric disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Long-range inhibition synchronizes and updates prefrontal task activity

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 617(7961), С. 548 - 554

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2023

Changes in patterns of activity within the medial prefrontal cortex enable rodents, non-human primates and humans to update their behaviour adapt changes environment-for example, during cognitive tasks

Язык: Английский

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Platinum Wire-embedded Culturing Device for Interior Recording from Lollipop-shaped Neural Spheroids

Cyborg and Bionic Systems, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

Three-dimensional (3D) neural cultures are increasingly recognized for their complexity and resemblance to in vivo microenvironments. In this paper, we present a novel 3D cell culturing noninvasive characterization technique of spheroids. Based on embedded platinum wires, the cultured cells lollipop-shaped spheroids where axons extended integrated around wires. Electrical microstimulation enhanced connectivity between demonstrated signal propagation among them. The resultant axonal elongation facilitated formation robust tracts interconnecting Variation cells' density allows adjust spheroid's diameter, identifying 1 million as good number spheroid formation. Recordings activities reveal higher-quality measurement from interior compared those obtained exterior cells. Viability assays confirmed efficacy proposed sustained growth over 1-month period. holds potential applications various fields, such development brain organoids, which enables real-time interconnection sensing environment conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Gamma oscillations and excitation/inhibition imbalance: parallel effects of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antagonism and psychosis

Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Auditory steady-state response (ASSR) abnormalities in the 40-Hz (gamma band) frequency have been observed schizophrenia and rodent studies of N-methyl D-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction. However, extent to which ASSR resemble deficits induced by acute administration ketamine, an NMDAR antagonist, is not yet known. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted parallel EEG studies: a crossover, placebo-controlled ketamine drug challenge study healthy subjects (Study 1) comparison patients with controls 2). Time-frequency analysis was used calculate baseline, broadband gamma power, evoked total phase-locking factor, angle. Relative controls, exhibited increases pre-stimulus power reductions replicating prior studies. failed replicate previous findings phase delay schizophrenia. placebo, ketamine: increased reduced advanced ASSR. Normalized their respective control groups/conditions, direct these measures between data only revealed significant differences phase, supporting role hypofunction mediating oscillation

Язык: Английский

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GREEN: A lightweight architecture using learnable wavelets and Riemannian geometry for biomarker exploration with EEG signals

Patterns, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6(3), С. 101182 - 101182

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Landscape and future directions of machine learning applications in closed-loop brain stimulation

npj Digital Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2023

Abstract Brain stimulation (BStim) encompasses multiple modalities (e.g., deep brain stimulation, responsive neurostimulation) that utilize electrodes implanted in structures to treat neurological disorders. Currently, BStim is primarily used movement disorders such as Parkinson’s, though indications are expanding include neuropsychiatric like depression and schizophrenia. Traditional systems “open-loop” deliver constant electrical based on manually-determined parameters. Advancements have enabled development of “closed-loop” analyze neural biomarkers local field potentials the sub-thalamic nucleus) adjust modulation a dynamic, patient-specific, energy efficient manner. These closed-loop enable real-time, context-specific adjustment reduce symptom burden. Machine learning (ML) has emerged vital component designing these ML models can predict / identify presence disease symptoms activity adaptively learn modulate stimulation. We queried US National Library Medicine PubMed database understand role developing epilepsy, disorders, Both non-neural network algorithms successfully been leveraged create perform comparably open-loop systems. For which underlying pathophysiology relatively well understood essential tremor), most work involved refining classify signals aberrant or normal. The same seen for where current research focused identifying optimal model design integrating into existing devices. pathologic circuitry still being investigated, from nuclei) use onset stratify severity disease.

Язык: Английский

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Schizophrenia Following Early Adolescence Prodrome: A Neurodevelopmental Subtype With Autism-like Sensorimotor and Social Cognition Deficits

Schizophrenia Bulletin, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2025

Abstract Background and Hypothesis While age at onset in schizophrenia (SCZ) is usually defined by of psychosis, the illness actually occurs earlier, with a prodrome often starting childhood or adolescence. We postulated that SCZ early-adolescence prodromes (SCZ-eaP) presents social cognition deficits sensorimotor impairments more similar to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than late-adolescence (SCZ-laP). Study Design The movie for assessment neurological soft signs (NSS) were compared between four groups, ASD, SCZ-eaP (<15 years), SCZ-laP (>15 controls (N = 119), while accounting age, sex, intelligence quotient, education level, medication effect. Mediation analyses tested effect NSS on cognition, across local gyrification indices used test whether reflected deviations early neurodevelopmental trajectories. Results For NSS, subjects ASD not different from SCZ-eaP, they differed SCZ-laP. Age correlated (r −0.34, P .018), 0.28, .048). Neurological mediated impairment diagnoses (β −1.24, < 1e−6), was explained hypergyrification right fusiform gyrus, frontal pole left postcentral gyrus. Conclusions Earlier associated impaired neurodevelopmentally-related along ASD-SCZ spectrum. It suggests prodrome, rather psychosis onset, should be considered define homogeneous subgroups SCZ.

Язык: Английский

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