COVID-19 and Long COVID: Disruption of the Neurovascular Unit, Blood-Brain Barrier, and Tight Junctions

The Neuroscientist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(4), С. 421 - 439

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of disease 2019 (COVID-19), could affect brain structure and function. SARS-CoV-2 can enter through different routes, including olfactory, trigeminal, vagus nerves, blood immunocytes. may also from peripheral a disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB). The neurovascular unit in brain, composed neurons, astrocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, protects parenchyma by regulating entry substances blood. astrocytes highly express angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2), indicating that BBB be disturbed lead to derangements tight junction adherens proteins. This leads increased permeability, leakage components, movement immune cells into parenchyma. cross microvascular an ACE2 receptor–associated pathway. exact mechanism dysregulation COVID-19/neuro-COVID is not clearly known, nor development long COVID. Various biomarkers indicate severity neurologic complications COVID-19 help objectively diagnose those developing review highlights importance disruption, as well some potentially useful COVID-19, COVID/neuro-COVID.

Язык: Английский

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Potential for Early Noninvasive COVID-19 Detection Using Electronic-Nose Technologies and Disease-Specific VOC Metabolic Biomarkers

Sensors, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(6), С. 2887 - 2887

Опубликована: Март 7, 2023

The established efficacy of electronic volatile organic compound (VOC) detection technologies as diagnostic tools for noninvasive early COVID-19 and related coronaviruses has been demonstrated from multiple studies using a variety experimental commercial devices capable detecting precise mixtures VOC emissions in human breath. activities numerous global research teams, developing novel electronic-nose (e-nose) methods, have generated empirical laboratory clinical trial test results based on the different types host VOC-biomarker metabolites specific chemical classes. COVID-19-specific biomarkers are derived disease-induced changes metabolic pathways by SARS-CoV-2 viral pathogenesis. unique mechanisms proposed recent researchers to explain how causes damage organ systems throughout body associated with symptom combinations, cytokine storms physiological cascades that disrupt normal biochemical processes through gene dysregulation generate disease-specific targeted e-nose detection. This paper reviewed methods applications VOC-detection early, diagnosis infections. In addition, metabolomic (quantitative) biomarkers, consisting host-derived VOCs identified exhaled breath patients, were summarized possible sources useful confirming supporting diagnoses.

Язык: Английский

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Patients with unmet social needs are at higher risks of developing severe long COVID-19 symptoms and neuropsychiatric sequela

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024

Abstract This study investigated long COVID of patients in the Montefiore Health System COVID-19 (CORE) Clinics Bronx with an emphasis on identifying health related social needs (HRSNs). We analyzed a cohort 643 CORE (6/26/2020–2/24/2023) and 52,089 non-CORE patients. Outcomes included symptoms, physical, emotional, cognitive function test scores obtained at least three months post-infection. Socioeconomic variables median incomes, insurance status, HRSNs. The was older age (53.38 ± 14.50 vs. 45.91 23.79 years old, p < 0.001), more female (72.47% 56.86%, had higher prevalence hypertension (45.88% 23.28%, diabetes (22.86% 13.83%, COPD (7.15% 2.28%, asthma (25.51% 12.66%, lower incomes (53.81% 43.67%, 1 st quintile, unmet (29.81% 18.49%, 0.001) compared to survivors. reported wide range severe long-COVID symptoms. HRSNs experienced worse ESAS-r (tiredness, wellbeing, shortness breath, pain), PHQ-9 (12.5 (6, 17.75) 7 (2, 12), GAD-7 (8.5 (3, 15) 4 (0, 9), without. Patients outcomes those

Язык: Английский

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Microbial infection promotes amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease via modulating γ-secretase

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(5), С. 1491 - 1500

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Possible Role of Fibrinaloid Microclots in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): Focus on Long COVID

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(2), С. 170 - 170

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a common accompaniment of variety chronic, inflammatory diseases, including long COVID, as are small, insoluble, 'fibrinaloid' microclots. We here develop the argument, with accompanying evidence, that fibrinaloid microclots, through their ability to block flow blood microcapillaries and thus cause tissue hypoxia, not simply correlated but in fact, by preceding it, may be chief intermediary POTS, which body's exaggerated 'physiological' response hypoxia. Similar reasoning accounts for symptoms bundled under term 'fatigue'. Amyloids known membrane disruptors, when targets nerve membranes, this can explain neurotoxicity hence autonomic nervous system dysfunction contributes POTS. Taken together view, we indicate microclots serve link POTS fatigue COVID manner at once both mechanistic explanatory. This has clear implications treatment such diseases.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 delirium and encephalopathy: Pathophysiology assumed in the first 3 years of the ongoing pandemic

Brain Disorders, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10, С. 100074 - 100074

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2023

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to spread worldwide. It has a high rate of delirium, even in young patients without comorbidities. Infected required isolation because the infectivity and virulence COVID-19. prevalence delirium COVID-19 primarily results from encephalopathy neuroinflammation caused by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-associated cytokine storm. Acute been linked psychotic symptoms subacute phase (4 12 weeks), termed post-acute (PACS), brain fog, cognitive dysfunction, fatigue, "long COVID," which persists beyond weeks. However, no review article that mentions "COVID-19 delirium" have never reported.This narrative summarizes data on associated with severe 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection related neurological persistent post-infection illness (PACS or long COVID) after persistence dysfunction. Thus, we describe pathophysiological hypothesis its continuation as COVID. This also describes treatment complicated pneumonia.SARS-CoV-2 is delirium. An association between Alzheimer's suggested, studies are being conducted multiple facets including genetics, cytology, postmortem study.This suggests important short long-term neuropsychiatric effects. Several hypotheses proposed highlight potential neurobiological mechanisms causal factors, neuronal-inflammatory pathways storm cellular senescence, chronic inflammation.

Язык: Английский

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Neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(4)

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2024

SUMMARYSARS-CoV-2 can not only cause respiratory symptoms but also lead to neurological complications. Research has shown that more than 30% of SARS-CoV-2 patients present neurologic during COVID-19 (A. Pezzini and A. Padovani, Nat Rev Neurol 16:636-644, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-020-0398-3). Increasing evidence suggests invade both the central nervous system (CNS) (M.S. Xydakis, M.W. Albers, E.H. Holbrook, et al. Lancet 20: 753-761, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00182-4 ) peripheral (PNS) (M.N. Soares, M. Eggelbusch, E. Naddaf, J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 13:11-22, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12896), resulting in a variety disorders. This review summarized CNS complications caused by infection, including encephalopathy, neurodegenerative diseases, delirium. Additionally, some PNS disorders such as skeletal muscle damage inflammation, anosmia, smell or taste impairment, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, ICU-acquired weakness, post-acute sequelae were described. Furthermore, mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2-induced discussed, entering brain through retrograde neuronal hematogenous routes, disrupting normal function cytokine storms, inducing cerebral ischemia hypoxia, thus leading Moreover, an overview long-COVID-19 is provided, along with recommendations for care therapeutic approaches experiencing

Язык: Английский

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Intrarelationships between suboptimal health status and anxiety symptoms: A network analysis

Journal of Affective Disorders, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 354, С. 679 - 687

Опубликована: Март 23, 2024

Suboptimal health status is a global public concern of worldwide academic interest, which an intermediate between and illness. The purpose the survey to investigate relationship anxiety statuses suboptimal identify central symptoms bridge symptoms.

Язык: Английский

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Neurological post-COVID syndrome is associated with substantial impairment of verbal short-term and working memory

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025

Abstract A substantial proportion of patients suffer from Post-COVID Syndrome (PCS) with fatigue and impairment memory concentration being the most important symptoms. We here set out to perform in-depth neuropsychological assessment PCS referred Neurologic clinic compared without sequelae after COVID-19 (non-PCS) healthy controls (HC) decipher prevalent cognitive deficits. included n = 60 neurologic symptoms, 15 non-PCS controls. Basic socioeconomic data subjective complaints were recorded. This was followed by a detailed test battery, including assessments general orientation, motor fatigue, screening depressive anxiety information processing speed, concentration, visuomotor attention, verbal short-term working memory, flexibility, semantic phonematic word fluency, as well visual functions. had more significantly higher scores levels symptoms Non-PCS HC. Deep showed that performed worse in deficits impaired mental flexibility an executive subfunction, reactivity (prolonged reaction time). Multiple regression affected speed; depression did not. Self-reported deficits, are mirrored performance domains memory. The present results should be considered optimize treatment algorithms for therapy rehabilitation programs

Язык: Английский

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A Narrative Review of the Efficacy of Long COVID Interventions on Brain Fog, Processing Speed, and Other Related Cognitive Outcomes

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(2), С. 421 - 421

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

In the years following global emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or COVID-19, researchers have become acutely aware long-term symptomology associated with this disease, often termed long COVID. Long COVID is pervasive symptoms affecting multiple organ systems. Neurocognitive are reported by up to 40% patients, resultant effects loss daily functioning, employment issues, and enormous economic impact high healthcare utilization. The literature on effective, safe, non-invasive interventions for remediation cognitive consequences scarce poorly described. Of specific interest narrative review identification potential COVID-associated neurocognitive deficits. Articles were sourced from PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, Embase Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. published between dates January 2020 30 June 2024 included in search. Twelve studies review, including a feasibility study, pilot case series, an observational addition three randomized clinical trials four interventional studies. Overall, treatment such as training, brain stimulation therapy, exercise rehabilitation, targeted pharmacological intervention, other related paradigms show promise reducing issues. This highlights need more rigorous experimental designs future needed fully evaluate persistent deficits

Язык: Английский

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