Scientists’ warning – The outstanding biodiversity of islands is in peril

Global Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 31, С. e01847 - e01847

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2021

Despite islands contributing only 6.7% of land surface area, they harbor ~20% the Earth’s biodiversity, but unfortunately also ~50% threatened species and 75% known extinctions since European expansion around globe. Due to their geological geographic history characteristics, act simultaneously as cradles evolutionary diversity museums formerly widespread lineages—elements that permit achieve an outstanding endemicity. Nevertheless, majority these endemic are inherently vulnerable due genetic demographic factors linked with way colonized. Here, we stress great variation in physical geography (area, isolation, altitude, latitude) (age, human colonization, density). We provide examples some most rich iconic insular radiations. Next, analyze natural vulnerability biota, a result founder events well typically small population sizes many island species. note that, whereas evolution toward syndromes (including size shifts, derived woodiness, altered dispersal ability, loss defense traits, reduction clutch size) might have improved ability thrive under conditions on islands, it has made biota disproportionately anthropogenic pressures such habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, climate change. This led documented extinction at least 800 past 500 years, addition had already gone extinct following arrival first colonists prehistoric times. Finally, summarize current scientific knowledge ongoing biodiversity worldwide express our serious concern trajectory will continue decimate unique irreplaceable heritage world’s islands. conclude drastic actions urgently needed bend curve alarming rates loss.

Язык: Английский

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Drivers of seedling establishment success in dryland restoration efforts

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 5(9), С. 1283 - 1290

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Seagrass Restoration Is Possible: Insights and Lessons From Australia and New Zealand

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 7

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2020

Seagrasses are important marine ecosystems situated throughout the world's coastlines. They facing declines around world due to global and local threats such as rising ocean temperatures, coastal development pollution from sewage outfalls agriculture. Efforts have been made reduce seagrass loss through reducing regional stressors, active restoration. Seagrass restoration is rapidly maturing but improved practices needed enhance success of future programs. Major gaps in knowledge remain, especially our understanding how restore tropical species Australia. Prior research efforts provided valuable insights into factors influencing outcomes there now several examples successful large-scale A variety tools techniques recently developed that will improve efficiency, cost effectiveness, scalability This review describes emerging for restoration, key considerations programs, highlights benefits increased collaboration, Traditional Owner (First Nation) stakeholder engagement. Combined, these lessons approaches show possible should be directed at upscaling future. critical conservation this ecosystem ecological communities they support.

Язык: Английский

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Challenges to the Reforestation Pipeline in the United States

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 4

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2021

Large-scale global reforestation goals have been proposed to help mitigate climate change and provide other ecosystem services. To explore potential in the United States, we used GIS analyses, surveys of nursery managers foresters, literature synthesis assess opportunities challenges associated with meeting goals. We considered a scenario where 26 million hectares (64 acres) natural agricultural lands are reforested by 2040 30 billion trees at an estimated cost $33 ($24–$53) USD. Cost per hectare will vary region, site conditions, factors. This would require increasing number tree seedlings produced each year 1.7 billion, 2.3-fold increase over current production levels. Additional investment (not included estimate) be needed expand capacity for seed collection, seedling production, workforce development, improvements pre- post-planting practices. Achieving this public support investing these activities incentives landowners.

Язык: Английский

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Defending Earth’s terrestrial microbiome

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(11), С. 1717 - 1725

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Cost-effectiveness of natural forest regeneration and plantations for climate mitigation

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(9), С. 996 - 1002

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024

Abstract Mitigating climate change cost-effectively requires identifying least-cost-per-ton GHG abatement methods. Here, we estimate and map cost (US$ per tCO 2 ) for two common reforestation methods: natural regeneration plantations. We do so by producing integrating new maps of implementation costs opportunity reforestation, likely plantation genus carbon accumulation means plantations, accounting storage in harvested wood products. find (46%) plantations (54%) would each have lower across about half the area considered suitable 138 low- middle-income countries. Using more cost-effective method at location, 30 year, time-discounted potential below US$50 is 31.4 GtCO (24.2–34.3 US$20–100 )—44% than alone or 39% alone. that offers 10.3 (2.8) times US$20 (US$50 most recent IPCC estimate.

Язык: Английский

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Where Might We Find Ecologically Intact Communities?

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 4

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2021

Conservation efforts should target the few remaining areas of world that represent outstanding examples ecological integrity and aim to restore a much broader area with intact habitat minimal species loss while this is still possible. There have been many assessments “intactness” in recent years but most these use measures anthropogenic impact at site, rather than faunal intactness or integrity. This paper makes first assessment for global terrestrial land surface assesses how ecoregions sites could qualify as Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs – contributing significantly persistence biodiversity) based on their (under KBA Criterion C). Three datasets are combined create new spatially explicit map numbers extirpated. Based it estimated no more 2.9% can be considered faunally intact. Additionally, using habitat/density distribution data 15 large mammals we also make an initial where mammal densities reduced, showing further decrease 2.8% functionally Only 11% were identified included within existing protected areas, only 4% KBAs triggered by other criteria. Our findings show number C potentially increase up 20% if composition was restored reintroduction 1–5 species. Hence, all necessary requirements met order reintroduce regain integrity, will across human impacts low (human footprint ≤4). Focusing restoration planet full

Язык: Английский

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The contribution of Fintech to sustainable development in the digital age: Ant forest and land restoration in China

Land Use Policy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 103, С. 105306 - 105306

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Enhancing climate change resilience of ecological restoration — A framework for action

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 19(3), С. 300 - 310

Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2021

Ecological restoration is a tool for climate change mitigation and adaptation, yet its outcomes are susceptible themselves to impacts. Drawing on the literature documenting this in theory practice, we present comprehensive overview of risks considerations across whole life cycle initiative. The resulting framework identified seven areas design implementation which important address: setting objectives, selecting sites managing connectivity, choosing target species ecosystems, key ecosystem interactions micro-climates, identifying mitigating site-level risks, aligning project with long-term policies, designing monitoring that enables adaptive management. A scan projects focussing two regions – Brazil countries Association Southeast Asian Nations, ASEAN revealed limited inclusion these less than 5% evidently addressing at least one areas. We discuss showing good practice resilient restoration: Atlantic forest plans connectivity hydrological management, selection, policy alignment, crayweed underwater Sydney, Australia, whose careful attention provenance, genotype measurement provided "future-proofing" approach success long term. Building such examples, our can be used as support global targets UN Decade Ecosystem Restoration 2021–2030 through more restoration.

Язык: Английский

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Sandy shore ecosystem services, ecological infrastructure, and bundles: New insights and perspectives

Ecosystem Services, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 57, С. 101477 - 101477

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2022

Язык: Английский

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