Assessing COVID-19 pandemic policies and behaviours and their economic and educational trade-offs across US states from Jan 1, 2020, to July 31, 2022: an observational analysis

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 401(10385), С. 1341 - 1360

Опубликована: Март 23, 2023

BackgroundThe USA struggled in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, but not all states equally. Identifying factors associated with cross-state variation infection and mortality rates could help improve responses this future pandemics. We sought answer five key policy-relevant questions regarding following: 1) what roles social, economic, racial inequities had interstate outcomes; 2) whether greater health-care public health capacity better 3) how politics influenced results; 4) that imposed more policy mandates sustained them longer 5) there were trade-offs between a state having fewer cumulative SARS-CoV-2 infections total deaths its economic educational outcomes.MethodsData disaggregated by US extracted from databases, including estimates Institute for Health Metrics Evaluation's (IHME) database; Bureau of Economic Analysis data on gross domestic product (GDP); Federal Reserve employment rates; National Center Education Statistics student standardised test scores; Census race ethnicity state. population density death age prevalence major comorbidities facilitate comparison states' successes mitigating effects COVID-19. regressed these outcomes prepandemic characteristics (such as attainment spending per capita), policies adopted during pandemic mask business closures), population-level behavioural vaccine coverage mobility). explored potential mechanisms connecting state-level individual-level behaviours using linear regression. quantified reductions GDP, employment, scores identify assess outcomes. Significance was defined p<0·05.FindingsStandardised period Jan 1, 2020, July 31, 2022 varied across (national rate 372 100 000 [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 364–379]), lowest Hawaii (147 [127–196]) New Hampshire (215 [183–271]) highest Arizona (581 [509–672]) Washington, DC (526 [425–631]). A lower poverty rate, higher mean number years education, proportion people expressing interpersonal trust statistically rates, where larger percentages Black (non-Hispanic) or Hispanic rates. Access quality care (measured IHME's Healthcare Quality Index) infections, personnel capita not, at level. The political affiliation governor worse state's voters who voted 2020 Republican presidential candidate. State governments' uses protective use, mobility, vaccination while GDP reading COVD-19 responses, Employment, however, significant relationship restaurant closures deaths: average, 1574 (95% UI 884–7107) additional 10 one percentage point increase rate. Several fourth-grade mathematics scores, our study results did find link school closures.InterpretationCOVID-19 magnified polarisation persistent already existed society, next threat need do same. mitigated those structural inequalities, deployed science-based interventions such targeted mandates, promoted their adoption society able match best-performing nations minimising These findings contribute design targeting clinical crises.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, J Stanton, T Gillespie, E Nordstrom, Bloomberg Philanthropies.

Язык: Английский

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Trust in physicians and trust in government predict COVID‐19 vaccine uptake

Social Science Quarterly, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 103(3), С. 509 - 520

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2022

We consider how trust in government, physicians, and interpersonal affect the likelihood of COVID-19 vaccine uptake.A survey 3057 registered South Dakota voters was fielded April 2021 that measured uptake, three aspects trust, several other factors related to hesitancy. Logistic regression utilized analyze responses.We found positive, statistically significant, substantively impactful effects for government physicians on null results trust.Our findings provide a more nuanced understanding relationship between suggest public health official as well should strive increase public's medical community.

Язык: Английский

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Trust in Physicians and Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a 50-State Survey of US Adults

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(7), С. e2424984 - e2424984

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2024

Importance Trust in physicians and hospitals has been associated with achieving public health goals, but the increasing politicization of policies during COVID-19 pandemic may have adversely affected such trust. Objective To characterize changes US adults’ trust over course association between this health-related behaviors. Design, Setting, Participants This survey study uses data from 24 waves a nonprobability internet conducted April 1, 2020, January 31, 2024, among 443 455 unique respondents aged 18 years or older residing US, state-level representative quotas for race ethnicity, age, gender. Main Outcome Measure Self-report hospitals; self-report SARS-CoV-2 influenza vaccination booster status. Survey-weighted regression models were applied to examine associations sociodemographic features Results The combined included 582 634 responses across waves, reflecting respondents. unweighted mean (SD) age was 43.3 (16.6) years; 288 186 (65.0%) reported female gender; 21 957 (5.0%) identified as Asian American, 49 428 (11.1%) Black, 38 423 (8.7%) Hispanic, 3138 (0.7%) Native 5598 (1.3%) Pacific Islander, 315 278 (71.1%) White, 9633 (2.2%) other ethnicity (those who selected “Other” checklist). Overall, proportion adults reporting lot decreased 71.5% (95% CI, 70.7%-72.2%) 2020 40.1% 39.4%-40.7%) 2024. In models, lower spring summer 2023 being 25 64 gender, educational level, income, Black race, living rural setting. These persisted even after controlling partisanship. turn, greater likelihood (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.94; 95 4.21-5.80) OR, 5.09; 3.93-6.59) receiving 3.62; 2.99-4.38). Conclusions Relevance suggests that pandemic. As levels lesser pursuing vaccination, restoring represent imperative.

Язык: Английский

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The effects of higher-order human values and conspiracy beliefs on COVID-19-related behavior in Germany

Journal of Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

Abstract Aim This article simultaneously examines the influence of Schwartz’ higher-order human values (self-transcendence, openness to change, self-enhancement, and conservation) conspiracy beliefs on four COVID-19-related dependent variables. Subject methods Using path analysis with large-scale panel data from Germany (N = 4382), we tested if correlational effects as independent variables perceived threat infection event, evaluation government measures, number self-initiated trust toward individuals institutions involved could be mediated by beliefs. Results We found evidence a significant all strength In addition, detected measures. Self-transcendence consistently positive change negative total, direct, indirect provided most evident results. The respondents’ country origin residence in East or West affected Conclusion has shown that belief narratives reveals associations measures would not have been apparent without this mediator. doing so, it contributes understanding how pandemic mitigation are implemented differently. results study can improve ability develop enforce policies increase acceptance scientifically accepted efforts better governance.

Язык: Английский

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Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy among African American and Black Individuals in the United States of America: A Systematic Literature Review

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(3), С. 277 - 277

Опубликована: Март 7, 2024

Despite the crucial role COVID-19 vaccine played in curbing pandemic, a significant portion of Black and African American individuals expressed hesitancy toward being vaccinated. This review aimed to identify determinants among U.S. The literature search was conducted December 2022 according PRISMA criteria focusing on empirical studies. Data extraction methods, critical appraisal, secondary thematic analysis were both quantitative qualitative Sixteen studies identified key factors associated with hesitancy, such as confidence effectiveness, safety, trust healthcare system. Fourteen revealed major themes mistrust, fear, information needs, including historical concerns about development process, contemporary institutional mistrust. synthesis findings derived from this provides nuanced understanding communities U.S., offering foundation for evidence-based interventions. Mistrust system, informational gaps safety effectiveness barriers vaccination, demanding targeted

Язык: Английский

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Trust in governments, public health institutions, and other information sources as determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake behavior in Japan

Vaccine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 42(17), С. 3684 - 3692

Опубликована: Май 6, 2024

Trust in governments and public institutions as a determinant of health outcomes has gained increased attention since the COVID-19 pandemic. Provided historically low confidence vaccines Japan, investigating role trust information sources actual vaccination uptake behavior will be invaluable for future vaccine promotion policymaking. Therefore, objective this study was to elucidate determinants evaluate relationship between different Japan. For study, we leveraged longitudinal series web-based surveys 19,174 individuals Japan conducted 2021 2022 which asked questions regarding wide range sociodemographic psychographic characteristics related Determinant analysis (at least one dose vaccine) via multiple logistic regression, odds ratios (OR) with 95% intervals (CI) were estimated. After adjustment uptake, aggregate systems approval (OR: 1.42, CI: 1.30–1.56), about pandemic coming from government 1.27, 1.12–1.44) found consistently powerful predictors vaccination. media including traditional 1.21, 1.07–1.36), internet 0.77, 0.66–0.89) had significant opposing effects. Our findings support broader hypothesis that remains We also decision-making is multifactorial process includes synthesis media, its interaction psychosocial such prosociality literacy. hope apply study's towards programs contagious diseases.

Язык: Английский

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A qualitative study of behavioral and social drivers of COVID-19 vaccine confidence and uptake among unvaccinated Americans in the US April-May 2021

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18(2), С. e0281497 - e0281497

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2023

Introduction Around one-third of Americans reported they were unwilling to get a COVID-19 vaccine in April 2021. This focus group study aimed provide insights on the factors contributing unvaccinated adults’ hesitancy or refusal vaccinated with vaccines. Method Ipsos recruited 59 US adults who hesitant (i.e., conflicted about opposed receiving vaccination) using KnowledgePanel. Trained facilitators led total 10 groups via video-conference March and Two coders manually coded data from each coding frame based discussion guide. The team collaborated analyzing for key themes. Results Data analysis transcripts illuminated four main themes associated hesitancy: lack trust experts institutions; concern safety vaccines; resistance towards prescriptive guidance restrictions; and, despite personal reluctance unwillingness vaccinated, acceptance others getting vaccinated. Discussion Vaccine confidence communication strategies should address individual concerns, describe benefits vaccination, highlight evolving science factural neutral presentations information foster trust.

Язык: Английский

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Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy in African American and Black Individuals in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

Despite the crucial role COVID-19 vaccine played in curbing pandemic, a significant portion of Black and African American individuals expressed hesitancy being vaccinated. This review aimed to identify determinants among USA. The literature search was conducted December 2022 according PRISMA criteria focusing on empirical studies. Data extraction methods, critical appraisal, secondary thematic analysis were both quantitative qualitative Sixteen studies identified key factors associated with such as confidence effectiveness, safety, trust healthcare system. 14 revealed major themes mistrust, fear, information needs, including historical concerns about development process, contemporary institutional mistrust. synthesis findings derived from this provides nuanced understanding communities USA, offering foundation for evidence-based interventions. Mistrust system, informational gaps safety effectiveness have been barriers vaccination, demanding targeted

Язык: Английский

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Perceived impact of discussions with a healthcare professional on patients’ decision regarding COVID-19 vaccine

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

There is evidence that advice from Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) plays an important role in patients' decision to get vaccinated, but the extent which patients perceive this impact unclear. The aim of study was assess perceived a discussion with HCP on participants' be vaccinated against COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey conducted among adults who consulted general practitioner (GP) or pharmacist Ile-de-France, France, after COVID-19 vaccines became available (October-November 2021 period). total 344 participants were included, 65.2% whom reported having had about HCP. Overall, 55% advised by their Most discussions took place GP (n = 203, 48.9%). According 52.5% participants, positive impact, i.e. it as encouraging vaccination. latter that, HCPs, GPs greatest number (93.1%). In population, vaccine hesitancy rate, according WHO definition, high (38.1%), although coverage rate 87.1%. Vaccine hesitant more likely report negative (20.0%) than non-hesitant (5.8%, p .004).

Язык: Английский

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The impact of social cohesion and risk communication on excess mortality due to COVID-19 in 213 countries: a retrospective analysis

BMC Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2024

Abstract Background Tools for assessing a country’s capacity in the face of public health emergencies must be reviewed, as they were not predictive COVID-19 pandemic. Social cohesion and risk communication, which are related to trust government others, may have influenced adherence measures mortality rates due COVID-19. Objective To analyse association between indicators social communication outcomes 213 countries. Results their dimensions (public politicians, safety nets, equal distribution resources index), associated with lower excess The number COVID-19-related disorder events transparency higher percentage unemployed people, Most variables better vaccination indicators, except capital engaged society, had no statistically significant association. greater gender equality, such people who received all doses. Conclusion Public that cares about most vulnerable, starting implementation programs, cash transfers combating food insecurity, factors reduced Countries, especially those limited marked by social, economic, inequalities, invest strengthening robust strategies cope future pandemics.

Язык: Английский

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