Simultaneous detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 2 and 4 in Henan province of China

Gene, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 808, С. 145991 - 145991

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Current Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Porcine Circovirus 3

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(1), С. 64 - 64

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2022

Circoviruses are closed, circular, single-stranded DNA viruses belonging to the family Circoviridae and genus Circovirus. To date, at least four porcine circoviruses (PCVs) have been recognized, including PCV1 PCV4, respectively. Similar PCV2 pathogenesis, PCV3 has reported worldwide with myriad clinical pathological presentations such as reproductive disorders, respiratory diseases, diarrhea etc. Current understanding of pathogenesis is very limited since majority studies were mostly field observations. Interpretation results from not always simple. Various confounding factors affect appearance changes infected pigs. Recently, several experimental infection reported, providing a better its pathogenesis. In this review, we focused on novel findings regarding both observation studies. Possible involved in conflicting among also discussed. This review article provides important insight into current knowledge which would aid prioritizing research order fill gaps.

Язык: Английский

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Porcine circovirus 4 rescued from an infectious clone is replicable and pathogenic in vivo

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 69(5)

Опубликована: Март 3, 2022

Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) is a newly identified porcine in pigs, belonging to the Circoviridae family Circovirus genus. The virus was detected all age groups and aborted foetuses. However, has not been isolated from field samples date. In this study, PCV4 successfully rescued an infectious clone. replicable PK-15 cells piglets, which can be almost collected of challenge groups. No obvious clinical symptoms were observed both sham- PCV4-inoculated piglets during whole experiment. visible pathological changes found several organs indicating that pathogenic piglets. Furthermore, viremia, PCV4-specific antibody, upregulated cytokines/chemokines also groups, suggesting effective humoral cellular immune responses stimulated response challenge. study may provide basis for preventing controlling disease, vaccine development.

Язык: Английский

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Current knowledge on epidemiology and evolution of novel porcine circovirus 4

Veterinary Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 53(1)

Опубликована: Май 31, 2022

Abstract Porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) is a newly emerging virus, with both PCV4 genomic DNA and specific antibodies detected in swine herds several provinces China South Korea. Although the virus was first identified 2019 Hunan, China, retrospective research suggests that serum samples collected as early 2008 were positive for antibody. Infections only or co-infections other pathogens have been associated clinical manifestations, but its pathogenesis remains to be determined. The purpose of this review following: (1) characterize epidemiology by assessing evolutionary dynamics genetic diversity strains circulating herds; (2) reconstruct computerized 3D model analyze Cap properties; (3) summarize current evidence PCV4-associated clinical-pathological manifestations. origin apparently distinct from PCV, based on analysis phylogenetic trees. Of note, shares an ancient common ancestor mink circoviruses. Furthermore, amino acid residue at position 27 key benchmark distinguish PCV4a ( S) PCV4b N), currently available, variation may alter antigenicity. In addition, capsid surface has characteristics increased polar residues, compared PCV2, which raises possibility target negatively charged host receptors promote infection. Further studies are required, including isolation culture, more detailed characterization molecular herds.

Язык: Английский

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Novel Porcine Circoviruses in View of Lessons Learned from Porcine Circovirus Type 2-Epidemiology and Threat to Pigs and Other Species

Viruses, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(2), С. 261 - 261

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2022

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) plays a key role in PCV2-associated disease (PCVAD) etiology and has yielded significant losses the pig husbandry last 20 years. However, impact of two recently described species porcine circoviruses, PCV3 PCV4, on pork industry remains unknown. The presence been associated with several clinical presentations pigs. Reproductive failure multisystemic inflammation have reported most consistently. symptoms, anatomopathological changes interaction other pathogens during infection pigs indicate that might be pathogenic for these animals can cause economic swine similar to PCV2, which makes worth including differential list as disorders reproductive herds. Moreover, subsequent studies interspecies transmission worldwide spreading PCV3. To date, research related PCV4 vaccine design is at early stage, numerous aspects regarding immune response virus characteristics remain

Язык: Английский

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Molecular detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) in Thailand during 2019–2020

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Март 30, 2023

Abstract Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) is considered a novel PCV, firstly found in China 2019 and later discovered Korea. This present study investigated the prevalence genetic characteristics of PCV4 from high pig-density areas Thailand during 2019–2020. From 734 samples, three samples (0.4%) aborted fetuses porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) cases were positive for PCV4, two PCV4-positive coinfected with both PCV2 PRRSV, other sample was PCV2. In situ hybridization (ISH) revealed presence bronchial epithelial cells lymphocytes histiocyte-like lymphoid follicles PRDC-affected pig. The complete Thai genome had over 98% nucleotide identity strains closely related to Korean Chinese PCV4b strains. Importantly, amino acid residue at position 212 Cap gene recommended differentiating PCV4a ( L) M) based on currently available sequences. These findings provide important clues pathogenesis, epidemiology, Thailand.

Язык: Английский

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Retrospective surveillance of porcine circovirus 4 in pigs in Inner Mongolia, China, from 2016 to 2018

Archives of Virology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 166(7), С. 1951 - 1959

Опубликована: Май 13, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus 4 in Henan Province of China: A retrospective study from 2011 to 2021

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 69(4), С. 1890 - 1901

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2021

Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4), a novel circovirus, was first discovered in April 2019 Hunan Province of China. At present, PCV4 infection has been detected China and South Korea. However, until 2019, there little information about its circulating status genetic characteristics. To further clarify the origin prevalence PCV4, total 152 clinical samples collected from 49 different swine farms 15 cities Henan 2011 to 2021 were tested for presence by qPCR, complete genome strains amplified positive sequenced. Among these samples, 45.39% (69/152) 86.67% (13/15) 67.35% (33/49) PCV4. The sequences obtained, which two (HN-ZMD-201212 HN-XX-201212) achieved archival 2012, indicating that at least 10 years phylogenetic analysis showed our study together with strain HNU-AHG1-2019 clustered into an identical but separate evolutionary branch, genomic identity ranging 98.2% 98.8%. Our research provides significant epidemiological on China, will help understand characteristics this new virus.

Язык: Английский

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Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Infection: Recent Insights and Its Significance in the Piggery Sector

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(8), С. 1308 - 1308

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2023

Porcine circovirus (PCV), a member of the Circoviridae family within genus Circovirus, poses significant economic risk to global swine industry. PCV2, which has nine identified genotypes (a–i), emerged as predominant genotype worldwide, particularly PCV2d. PCV2 been commonly found in both domestic pigs and wild boars, sporadically non-porcine animals. The virus spreads among populations through horizontal vertical transmission routes. Despite availability commercial vaccines for controlling porcine infections associated diseases, continuous genotypic shifts from b, subsequently b d, have maintained pathogen with substantial implications. This review aims provide an updated understanding biology, genetic variation, distribution, preventive strategies concerning circoviruses their diseases swine.

Язык: Английский

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First detection of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4) in Europe

Virology Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2023

Abstract Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4) is a novel virus recently discovered (2019) in domestic pigs from China, although several studies have proven its circulation since 2008. Later, PCV-4 was also detected wild boar populations China and South Korea Thailand. Currently, Asia so far the only continent where this has been reported; few carried out America Europe failed attempt to detect it. The objective of Comment communicate first detection Europe, specifically Mid-South-Western Spain. A retrospective study on pigs, both extensively (Iberian breed) intensively raised, Spain Italy, sampled between 1998 2022. genome attempted using different conventional or quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) protocols some positive results were confirmed through Sanger sequencing. total 57 166 (34.3%) Spanish 9 223 (4%) Iberian (both geographically located Spain) qPCR positive, while rest tested animals North-Eastern Italy negative. Partial sequences Rep Cap genes selected samples presence PCV-4. relatively high prevalence low one same areas suggests intra- interspecific transmission, being potential viral reservoir. epidemiological clinical importance these findings are currently unknown, but guarantees further research virus.

Язык: Английский

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