Root plasticity under abiotic stress

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 187(3), С. 1057 - 1070

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2021

Abiotic stresses increasingly threaten existing ecological and agricultural systems across the globe. Plant roots perceive these in soil adapt their architecture accordingly. This review provides insights into recent discoveries showing importance of root system (RSA) plasticity for survival development plants under heat, cold, drought, salt, flooding stress. In addition, we molecular regulation hormonal pathways involved controlling RSA plasticity, main growth, branching lateral hair development, formation adventitious roots. Several affect anatomy by causing aerenchyma formation, lignin suberin deposition, Casparian strip modulation. Roots can also actively grow toward favorable conditions avoid environments detrimental to development. Recent advances understanding cellular mechanisms behind different tropisms are discussed. Understanding will be instrumental crops that resilient face abiotic

Язык: Английский

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Coordination between microbiota and root endodermis supports plant mineral nutrient homeostasis

Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 371(6525)

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2020

Plant roots and animal guts have evolved specialized cell layers to control mineral nutrient homeostasis. These must tolerate the resident microbiota while keeping homeostatic integrity. Whether how root diffusion barriers in endodermis, which are critical for balance of plants, coordinate with is unknown. We demonstrate that genes controlling endodermal function model plant Arabidopsis thaliana contribute microbiome assembly. characterized a regulatory mechanism differentiation driven by profound effects on Furthermore, we this linked microbiota's capacity repress responses phytohormone abscisic acid root. Our findings establish endodermis as hub coordinating assembly mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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Role of Basal ABA in Plant Growth and Development

Genes, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(12), С. 1936 - 1936

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2021

Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various aspects of plant physiology, including promoting seed dormancy and adaptive responses to abiotic biotic stresses. In addition, ABA plays an im-portant role in growth development under non-stressed conditions. This review summarizes phenotypes biosynthesis signaling mutants clarify the roles basal development. The promotive inhibitive actions are characterized by stunted enhanced ABA-deficient insensitive mutants, respectively. Growth regulation is both inhibitive, depending on context, such as concentrations, tissues, environmental Basal local hyponastic growth, skotomorphogenesis lateral root growth. At cellular level, essential for proper chloroplast biogenesis, central metabolism, expression cell-cycle genes. also epidermis shoot, inhibiting stomatal development, deposition hydrophobic polymers like a cuticular wax layer covering leaf surface. root, involved xylem differentiation suberization endodermis. Hormone crosstalk key developmental processes regulated ABA. Phenotypes indicate prominent functions

Язык: Английский

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Suberin plasticity to developmental and exogenous cues is regulated by a set of MYB transcription factors

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(39)

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2021

Suberin is a hydrophobic biopolymer that can be deposited at the periphery of cells, forming protective barriers against biotic and abiotic stress. In roots, suberin forms lamellae endodermal cells where it plays crucial roles in control water mineral transport. formation highly regulated by developmental environmental cues. However, mechanisms controlling its spatiotemporal regulation are poorly understood. Here, we show independently exogenous signals to fine-tune deposition roots. We found set four MYB transcription factors (MYB41, MYB53, MYB92, MYB93), each which individually these two sufficient promote suberin. Mutation simultaneously through genome editing leads dramatic reduction response both signals. Most mutants analyzed physiological levels also affected another barrier made lignin (Casparian strips) compensatory mechanism. Through functional analysis MYBs, generated plants allowing unbiased investigation function, without accounting for confounding effects due Casparian strip defects, were able unravel specific nutrient homeostasis.

Язык: Английский

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Suberin Biosynthesis, Assembly, and Regulation

Plants, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(4), С. 555 - 555

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2022

Suberin is a specialized cell wall modifying polymer comprising both phenolic-derived and fatty acid-derived monomers, which deposited in below-ground dermal tissues (epidermis, endodermis, periderm) above-ground periderm (i.e., bark). Suberized cells are largely impermeable to water provide critical protective layer preventing loss pathogen infection. The deposition of suberin part the skin maturation process important tuber crops such as potato can affect storage longevity. Historically, term “suberin” has been used describe polyester aliphatic monomers (fatty acids, ω-hydroxy α,ω-dioic 1-alkanols), hydroxycinnamic glycerol. However, exhaustive alkaline hydrolysis, removes esterified aliphatics phenolics from suberized tissue, reveals core poly(phenolic) macromolecule, depolymerization yields not found polyester. Time course analysis deposition, at transcriptional metabolite levels, supports temporal regulation with being polymerized into domain advance bulk poly(aliphatics) that characterize cells. In present review, we summarize literature describing monomer biosynthesis speculate on aspects assembly. addition, highlight recent advances our understanding how suberization may be regulated, including phytohormone, transcription factor, protein scaffold levels.

Язык: Английский

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A suberized exodermis is required for tomato drought tolerance

Nature Plants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(1), С. 118 - 130

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2024

Abstract Plant roots integrate environmental signals with development using exquisite spatiotemporal control. This is apparent in the deposition of suberin, an apoplastic diffusion barrier, which regulates flow water, solutes and gases, environmentally plastic. Suberin considered a hallmark endodermal differentiation but absent tomato endodermis. Instead, suberin present exodermis, cell type that model organism Arabidopsis thaliana . Here we demonstrate regulatory network has same parts driving production exodermis Despite this co-option components, undergone rewiring to drive distinct spatial expression contributions specific genes. Functional genetic analyses MYB92 transcription factor ASFT enzyme importance exodermal for plant water-deficit response barrier serves equivalent function endodermis can act its place.

Язык: Английский

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Blocking intruders: inducible physico-chemical barriers against plant vascular wilt pathogens

Journal of Experimental Botany, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 72(2), С. 184 - 198

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2020

Xylem vascular wilt pathogens cause devastating diseases in plants. Proliferation of these the xylem causes massive disruption water and mineral transport, resulting severe wilting death infected Upon reaching tissue, multiply profusely, spreading vertically within sap, horizontally between vessels to surrounding tissues. Plant resistance is very complex. One most effective defense responses resistant plants formation physico-chemical barriers tissue. Vertical spread vessel lumen restricted by structural barriers, namely, tyloses gels. Horizontal apoplast healthy tissues prevented coating colonized with lignin suberin. Both vertical horizontal compartmentalize pathogen at infection site contribute their elimination. Induction defenses are tightly coordinated, both temporally spatially, avoid detrimental consequences such as cavitation embolism. We discuss current knowledge on mechanisms underlying plant-inducible against major xylem-colonizing pathogens. This may be applied engineer metabolic pathways compounds specific cells, produce towards colonizers.

Язык: Английский

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Regulation of a Cytochrome P450 Gene CYP94B1 by WRKY33 Transcription Factor Controls Apoplastic Barrier Formation in Roots to Confer Salt Tolerance

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 184(4), С. 2199 - 2215

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2020

Salinity is an environmental stress that causes decline in crop yield. Avicennia officinalis and other mangroves have adaptations such as ultrafiltration at the roots aided by apoplastic cell wall barriers to thrive saline conditions. We studied a cytochrome P450 gene from A. officinalis, AoCYP94B1, its putative ortholog Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), AtCYP94B1, which are involved barrier formation. Both genes were induced 30 min of salt treatment roots. Heterologous expression AoCYP94B1 atcyp94b1 mutant wild-type rice (Oryza sativa) conferred increased NaCl tolerance seedlings enhancing root suberin deposition. Histochemical staining gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification precursors confirmed role CYP94B1 biosynthesis. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation yeast one-hybrid luciferase assays, we identified AtWRKY33 upstream regulator AtCYP94B1 Arabidopsis. In addition, atwrky33 mutants exhibited reduced salt-sensitive phenotypes, rescued expressing 35S::AtCYP94B1 background. This further AtWRKY33-mediated regulation part mechanism. Our findings may help efforts aimed generating salt-tolerant crops.

Язык: Английский

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Highlighting reactive oxygen species as multitaskers in root development

iScience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 24(1), С. 101978 - 101978

Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2020

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are naturally produced by several redox reactions during plant regular metabolism such as photosynthesis and respiration. Due to their chemical properties high reactivity, ROS were initially described detrimental for cells oxidative stress. However, they have been further recognized key players in numerous developmental physiological processes throughout the life cycle. Recent studies report important role of growth regulators root meristem maintenance, elongation, lateral root, hair, endodermis, vascular tissue differentiation. All involve multifaceted interplays between steady-state levels with transcriptional regulators, phytohormones, nutrients. In this review, we attempt summarize recent findings about how involved multiple stages development cell proliferation,

Язык: Английский

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The Making of Plant Armor: The Periderm

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 73(1), С. 405 - 432

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2022

The periderm acts as armor protecting the plant's inner tissues from biotic and abiotic stress. It forms during radial thickening of plant organs such stems roots replaces function primary protective epidermis endodermis. A wound also to heal protect injured tissues. comprises a meristematic tissue called phellogen, or cork cambium, its derivatives: lignosuberized phellem phelloderm. Research on has mainly focused chemical composition due relevance raw material for industrial processes. Today, there is increasing interest in regulatory network underlying development novel breeding trait improve resilience sequester CO2. Here, we discuss our current understanding formation, focusing aspects evolution, mechanisms ontogenesis, networks phellogen initiation differentiation, future challenges research.

Язык: Английский

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