Autonomic Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 244, С. 103042 - 103042
Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2022
Язык: Английский
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 531(17), С. 1846 - 1866
Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2023
Abstract In the rat laryngeal mucosa, subepithelial corpuscular nerve endings, called laminar are distributed in epiglottis and arytenoid region activated by pressure changes of cavity. They also suggested to play a role efferent regulation because secretory vesicles axoplasm. present study, endings mucosa were analyzed 3D reconstruction from serial ultrathin sections addition immunohistochemistry for synapsin 1. light microscopy, 1‐immunoreactive flattened or bulbous terminal parts immunoreactive with VGLUT1, surrounded S100‐ S100B‐immunoreactive Schwann cells vimentin‐immunoreactive fibroblasts. electron views showed that composed sized 2–5 μm longitudinal length, overlapping three five multiple layers. The incompletely wrapped flat cytoplasmic processes cells. addition, fibroblast network complex Several entered through basement membrane into epithelial layer attached basal cells, suggesting interaction between plays an important sensing Secretory unevenly throughout part endings. frequently observed peripheral limb parts. It suggests larynx may release glutamate maintain continuous discharge during stretching mucosa.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Experimental Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 109(1), С. 1 - 5
Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2023
This special issue of Experimental Physiology contains a collection 13 manuscripts based on oral presentations presented at the meeting 'Mechanotransduction, Muscle Spindles and Proprioception', which took place Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich July 2022. The participants included >30 speakers from Taiwan, Canada, Australia, USA, Israel all over Europe UK. In this Editorial, I want to present brief personal view how idea organize emerged put individual publications into perspective. Proprioception is essential for coordinated movements required perceiving position body space (Proske & Gandevia, 2012). Given that Aristotle (384–322 BC) first defined smell, sight, touch, taste hearing as five senses, proprioception has often been coined 'sixth' sense, despite >20 senses being known, with exact number remaining elusive. Although an integrative system processes information combination peripheral sensory input, including muscle length tension, joint angle skin stretch (Macefield Knellwolf, 2018), key components intricate are spindles (Matthews, 2015). Embedded almost every skeletal muscle, these primary proprioceptive organs relay constant about tone CNS (Kröger, 2018; Proske From information, spatial motion space, process crucial motor control, voluntary movement, posture stable gait Kröger Watkins, 2021). During its prime time 1950s 1960s, were forefront physiology, many basic principles discovered using spindles, including, example, rate coding stimulus intensity (Adrian Zotterman, 1926). For similar what neuromuscular junction had discovery principle synaptic transmission. fact, scientists working also worked Sir Charles Sherrington, Steven Kuffler Bernhard Katz (see e.g., Hunt Kuffler, 1951a, 1951b; Katz, 1950; 1907). tenuissimus cat become classic preparation, spindle function probably still best characterized particular (for more historical regarding muscles sense posture, see Molnar Brown, 2010). However, 1970s 1980s, interest declined, spindle/proprioception field mostly bypassed beginning 'molecular age'. changed past decade, leading identification new, surprising functions, have extended role far beyond sensing 2018). These rather recent discoveries include, Piezo2 channel main mechanotransduction (Woo et al., 2015), several diseases directly or indirectly affected (Kröger 2021), strong influence (Blecher proprioceptor subtypes (Dietrich 2022), maintaining locomotor robustness (i.e., ability cope perturbations; Santuz Akay, 2023) elucidation molecular basis differentiation signals during neuron development (Cheret 2013; Hippenmeyer 2002). Monoclonal antibodies confocal microscopy replaced silver impregnation techniques now widely applied characterize level. Single-cell single-nucleus sequencing intrafusal fibres neurons proteomics analysis provide platforms design specific markers cell populations (Blum 2021; Bornstein, Heinemann-Yerushalmi 2023; Dietrich 2022; Kim 2020; Oliver Unfortunately, who rediscovered revitalized last decade came different areas neuroscience did not know each other. Therefore, exchange ideas (equally important) passing young was difficult. There simply no where new findings their functional implications could be discussed. After visiting Guy Bewick Bob Banks Aberdeen Katherine Wilkinson San José, we agreed should held knowledge would merge latest concepts, overall scientific goal forum united international experts mechanotransduction, higher-order processing share knowledge, develop effective experimental strategies by initiating collaborations between researchers expertise. With focus mind, invited, everybody come Munich, further demonstrating need focus. itself started fantastic introduction perspective Banks. He summarized 50 years research structure mammalian spindle, innervation. addition, he quantitative morphological results equatorial nuclei endings relationship passive (Banks, 2024). session conversion mechanical change membrane potential). mechanosensitive loss-of-function mutations humans result muscular atrophy, perinatal respiratory distress, arthrogryposis scoliosis (Chesler 2016; Delle Vedove 2016). other channels must considered initial event, acid-sensing ion (ASIC) subtypes. Accordingly, covered ASICs function. substrate deformation-driven neurite micropipette-guided ultrasound knockout mouse models ASIC subtypes, Chih-Cheng Chen's laboratory analysed roles ASIC3 ASIC1a relying (Lin Using vivo proprioception-related behavioural assays ex electrophysiological analyses mice lacking ASIC2 shown display impairments responses coordination tasks, ASIC2s normal (Bornstein, Watkins Moreover, revealed deficits, impaired spinal alignment 2024), supporting important maintenance system. Collectively, studies identify mechanosensation. rapidly adapting, but response slowly there requirement additional elements maintain firing stretch. One such element glutamate. afferent contain glutamate-filled synaptic-like vesicles released stretch- calcium-dependent manner (Bewick, Consistently, blocking glutamate packaging vGluT1-containing transgenic one allele vesicular transporter vGluT1 decreases static dynamic sensitivity (Than led model calcium entering through can cause release vesicles, then helps depolarization firing. his presentation, gave evidence glutamate-sensitive contributing sustained initially identified metabotropic receptor coupled phospholipase D, homomeric GluK2 (Thompson Pharmacological, immunohistochemical biochemical expression terminals consistent hypothesis. pathological situations A rare autosomal recessive disease causing selective loss neurons, greatly elevated pain temperature thresholds, poor proprioception, marked ataxia disturbances blood pressure control hereditary autonomic neuropathy type III (HSAN III), known familial dysautonomia Riley–Day syndrome. Owing absence reflexes absent throughout body, leading, among things, compromised knee joint, acuity severe impairment. Surprisingly, elbow, patients perform poorly finger-to-nose test Purdue pegboard task, compared age-matched healthy subjects most likely explanation differential effect mutation that, contrast large-fibre (Cole Sedgwick, 1992) cutaneous afferents lost, HSAN access mechanoreceptors skin. future, like might allow accurate treatment symptoms after feedback provided spindles. Classical proprioceptors (muscle Golgi tendon organs) human facial (Cobo 2017; Omstead 2024) extraocular mammals. contrast, palisade some muscles, it suggested they structures, substitute functionally explain indicating brain eye position. Likewise, exhibit structural characteristics common classical proprioceptors. Interestingly, clear machinery calcium-mediated exocytosis acetylcholine (Blumer 2020). suggest complex, is, only features Two perception musculoskeletal pain. non-nociceptive, express ASICs, dual-function proteins proton mechanosensing. Thus, hypothesized associated tissue acidosis (Lee Chen, Consistent hypothesis, clinical deficit chronic fibromyalgia found training beneficial relief possibility microdamage caused, eccentric concentric exercise, respectively 2024; Lund 2010; Sas Large-diameter afferents, those innervating hyperexcitable spontaneous ectopic places away ending within capsule) conditions neuropathic Astrocytes, activated conditions, contribute generation firing, opening cross-talk nociceptive pathways occur periphery, capsule (Sas Clearly, limited direct nociception, acid signalling, damage astrocyte–sensory deserve investigation, because understanding approaches treatments Huub Maas addressed question whether activity attributable restricted homonymous adjacent joints/muscles (Maas Noort, study concluded changing affects behaviour neighbouring muscle. rotations 15° caused changes soleus condition joints does span part complex biological biophysical properties vital our vivo, age. fascicle biomechanics compliant older adults, decreased movement posture. Lena Ting's investigated effects increased compliance movement. Her attenuate rapid bursts onset decrease explained fully (Abbott Computational hypotheses predict behaviour. instance, if wants amputees physiologically relevant prosthesis. centred computational Researchers Tim Cope's developed time, integrates asymmetric distribution voltage-gated neuronal architecture generate realistic profiles determine parameters mechanosensory encoding (Housley, Powers model, showed subcellular ratios complementary and, instances, orthogonal means regulate stimuli. Another used ask cross-bridge dynamics shape encoded (Simha Ting, Results show both actin myosin interactions signals. incorporation necessary history-dependent line observations. tuned shows non-linear sinusoidal protocols emerge dynamics. summary, diverse aspects broad spectrum clearly contributed great success meeting, enthusiasm articulated comments reflected publish Physiology. talks truly excellent, discussions friendly point sometimes controversial Gardolinski established meeting. objectives bring together, discuss initiate synergies achieved. agenda therefore planned 2024. It remains thank involved helping me Most importantly, colleagues my Biomedical Center LMU (Bridgette Corinna Haupt, Zoi Gioga, Arlind Lamcaj Jürgen Schultheiss), without whose hard work, dedication co-ordination activities conference happened. acknowledge thankfully financial support German Research Foundation (DFG) industrial sponsors. Finally, Banks, together team Physiology, especially Diana Jones Alex Steward, unstinting patience compilation papers. Stephan wrote Editorial. accountable work questions related accuracy integrity any work. All persons designated authors qualify authorship, authorship listed. author declares competing interests relationships appeared reported paper. Group photo 1st Conference "Mechanotransduction, Proprioception" 2022 First row (from left right): S. Housley, L. T. Cope, G. Bewick, Kröger, D. Zytnicki Second row: Cole, A. Kolta, J. De Nooij, Brüggemann, C.-C. Chen Third Vedove, Agrawal, K. Wilkinson, B. H. Maas, Simha, Fourth C. Birchmeier, M. Meier, E. Zelzer, Picton, R. Blumer Fifth F. Zorzato, Treves (hidden), C.-H. Lee, Valdez, Passini, V. Macefield Last N. Zampieri, Griffith, Schoser.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 532(7)
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024
The flower-spray nerve endings are afferent terminals in the carotid sinus that arise from of glossopharyngeal nerve. However, three-dimensional ultrastructural characteristics and spatial relationships between terminal parts other cellular elements have not been fully understood. To elucidate their detailed relationship, backscattered electron imaging serial sections was performed with a scanning microscope to produce reconstruction endings. were distributed horizontally approximately 5 µm outside external elastic membrane tunica adventitia internal artery. showed flat irregular contours partially covered by thin cytoplasmic processes Schwann cells. complex consisting associated cells surrounded multilayered basement membrane. also fibroblasts fibers collagen fibrils. Secretory vesicles without an electron-dense core observed accumulation just below axonal cell on both luminal basal sides. Swollen mitochondria, concentric membranous structures, glycogen granule-like materials often noted some parent axon. Collectively, present results suggest baroreceptors because morphology similar mechanoreceptors. Furthermore, may be affected glutamate secreted autocrine manner.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Июль 14, 2022
ABSTRACT The proprioceptive system is essential for the control of coordinated movement, posture and skeletal integrity. sense proprioception produced in brain using peripheral sensory input from receptors such as muscle spindle, which detects changes length muscles. Despite its importance, molecular composition spindle largely unknown. In this study, we generated comprehensive transcriptomic proteomic datasets entire spindle. We then associated differentially expressed genes with various tissues composing bioinformatic analysis. Immunostaining verified these predictions, thus establishing new markers different tissues. Utilizing markers, identified differentiation stages capsule cells undergo during development. Together, findings provide characterization intact well tools to study development function health disease.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Autonomic Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 244, С. 103042 - 103042
Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2022
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1