A database and deep learning toolbox for noise-optimized, generalized spike inference from calcium imaging

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 24(9), С. 1324 - 1337

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Neurons learn by predicting future activity

Nature Machine Intelligence, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 4(1), С. 62 - 72

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2022

Abstract Understanding how the brain learns may lead to machines with human-like intellectual capacities. It was previously proposed that operate on principle of predictive coding. However, it is still not well understood a system could be implemented in brain. Here we demonstrate ability single neuron predict its future activity provide an effective learning mechanism. Interestingly, this rule can derived from metabolic principle, whereby neurons need minimize their own synaptic (cost) while maximizing impact local blood supply by recruiting other neurons. We show mathematically theoretical connection between diverse types brain-inspired algorithm, thus offering step towards development general theory neuronal learning. tested neural network simulations and data recorded awake animals. Our results also suggest spontaneous provides ‘training data’ for learn cortical dynamics. Thus, surprise—that is, difference actual expected activity—could important missing element understand computation

Язык: Английский

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A Dendrite-Focused Framework for Understanding the Actions of Ketamine and Psychedelics

Trends in Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 44(4), С. 260 - 275

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Activity of a direct VTA to ventral pallidum GABA pathway encodes unconditioned reward value and sustains motivation for reward

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(42)

Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2022

Dopamine signaling from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) plays critical roles in reward-related behaviors, but less is known about functions of neighboring VTA GABAergic neurons. We show here that a primary target GABA projection neurons pallidum (VP). Activity VTA-to-VP–projecting correlates consistently with size and palatability reward does not change following cue learning, providing direct measure value. Chemogenetic stimulation this increased activity subset VP were active while mice seeking reward. Optogenetic pathway improved performance cue-reward task maintained motivation to work for over days. This provides information value directly VP, likely distinct prediction error signal carried by dopamine

Язык: Английский

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Whole-brain imaging of freely-moving zebrafish

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2023

One of the holy grails neuroscience is to record activity every neuron in brain while an animal moves freely and performs complex behavioral tasks. While important steps forward have been taken recently large-scale neural recording rodent models, single resolution across entire mammalian remains elusive. In contrast larval zebrafish offers great promise this regard. Zebrafish are a vertebrate model with substantial homology brain, but their transparency allows whole-brain recordings genetically-encoded fluorescent indicators at single-neuron using optical microscopy techniques. Furthermore begin show repertoire natural behavior from early age, including hunting small, fast-moving prey visual cues. Until work address bases these behaviors mostly relied on assays where fish was immobilized under microscope objective, stimuli such as were presented virtually. However significant progress has made developing imaging techniques for which not immobilized. Here we discuss recent advances, focusing particularly based light-field microscopy. We also draw attention several outstanding issues remain be addressed increase ecological validity results obtained.

Язык: Английский

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A rise-to-threshold process for a relative-value decision

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 619(7970), С. 563 - 571

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2023

Abstract Whereas progress has been made in the identification of neural signals related to rapid, cued decisions 1–3 , less is known about how brains guide and terminate more ethologically relevant which an animal’s own behaviour governs options experienced over minutes 4–6 . Drosophila search for many seconds egg-laying sites with high relative value 7,8 have neurons, called oviDNs, whose activity fulfills necessity sufficiency criteria initiating egg-deposition motor programme 9 Here we show that oviDNs express a calcium signal (1) dips when egg internally prepared (ovulated), (2) drifts up down minutes—in manner influenced by substrates—as fly determines whether lay (3) reaches consistent peak level just before abdomen bend deposition. This apparent cell bodies brain it probably reflects behaviourally rise-to-threshold process ventral nerve cord, where synaptic terminals are located their output can influence behaviour. We provide perturbational evidence initiated once this hits threshold subthreshold variation regulates time spent considering and, ultimately, choice taken. Finally, identify small recurrent circuit feeds into each its constituent types required laying egg. These results argue relative-value, self-paced decision initial insight underlying mechanism building process.

Язык: Английский

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Advances in In Vitro Models of Neuromuscular Junction: Focusing on Organ‐on‐a‐Chip, Organoids, and Biohybrid Robotics

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 35(41)

Опубликована: Март 19, 2023

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a peripheral synaptic connection between presynaptic motor neurons and postsynaptic skeletal muscle fibers that enables contraction voluntary movement. Many traumatic, neurodegenerative, neuroimmunological diseases are classically believed to mainly affect either the neuronal or side of NMJ, treatment options lacking. Recent advances in novel techniques have helped develop vitro physiological pathophysiological models NMJ as well enable precise control evaluation its functions. This paper reviews recent developments with 2D 3D cultures, from organ-on-a-chip organoids biohybrid robotics. Related derivative introduced for functional analysis such patch-clamp technique, microelectrode arrays, calcium imaging, stimulus methods, particularly optogenetic-mediated light stimulation, microelectrode-mediated electrical biochemical stimulation. Finally, applications disease drug screening related suitable summarized their future development trends challenges discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Adaptive stimulus selection for consolidation in the hippocampus

Nature, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 601(7892), С. 240 - 244

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Prelimbic cortex drives discrimination of non-aversion via amygdala somatostatin interneurons

Neuron, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110(14), С. 2258 - 2267.e11

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Predictive Neuronal Adaptation as a Basis for Consciousness

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2022

Being able to correctly predict the future and adjust own actions accordingly can offer a great survival advantage. In fact, this could be main reason why brains evolved. Consciousness, most mysterious feature of brain activity, also seems related predicting detecting surprise: mismatch between actual predicted situation. Similarly at single neuron level, activity adapting synaptic inputs was shown best strategy maximize metabolic energy for neuron. Following on these ideas, here we examined if surprise minimization by neurons basis consciousness. First, showed in simulations that as neural network learns new task, then within (defined difference expected activity) changes similarly consciousness skills humans. Moreover, implementing adaptation neuronal minimize fast time scales (tens milliseconds) resulted improved performance. This improvement is likely because based internal predictive model allows each make more “educated” response stimuli. Based those results, propose basic building block conscious processing. Such exchange information about predictions thus build complex models. To precise, provide an equation quantify amount minus size error. Since studied experimentally, allow testing directly our hypothesis. Specifically, postulate any substance affecting will affect Interestingly, hypothesis consistent with multiple ideas presented previously diverse theories consciousness, such global workspace theory, integrated information, attention schema processing framework. summary, present theoretical, computational, experimental support possible biological mechanism processing, discuss how step toward unified theory

Язык: Английский

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