Dietary Supplements as Source of Unintentional Doping

BioMed Research International, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2022, С. 1 - 18

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2022

Background. The substances used in sport could be divided into two major groups: those banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency and which are not. prohibited list is extremely detailed includes a wide variety of both medicinal nonmedicinal substances. Professional athletes exposed to intense physical overload every day. They follow relevant food regime take specific dietary supplements, essential for better recovery between trainings competitions. However, use “nonprohibited” supplements (DS) not always completely safe. One risks associated with risk unintended doping—originating from contaminated products. presence undeclared compounds composition DS serious concern. aim this study evaluate unintentional doping. Materials Methods. Literature search was done through PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web Science. Studies investigating compounds, WADA met inclusion criteria. last conducted June 2021. present review based on total 50 studies, investigated DS. Results. number analyzed 3132, 875 were found contain Most frequently sibutramine anabolic-androgenic steroids. Conclusion. More than 28% pose potential Athletes their teams need aware issues should great care before supplementation regime.

Язык: Английский

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Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use among Athletes Worldwide: A Scoping Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(19), С. 4109 - 4109

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2022

Athletes represent a major part of dietary supplement users. This scoping review aims to explore the prevalence use among athletes worldwide, most commonly used supplements, sources information on supplements and their reasons for these supplements. PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo were searched original research articles. Studies included if they involved athletes, identified use, published after 2017. A total 26 articles reviewed. Prevalence varied articles, but sex-based differences related types existed. Generally, findings consistent in terms information. Unfortunately, lack homogeneity regarding definition reporting timeframes, data collection methods complicates attempt compare studies.

Язык: Английский

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Auditing the Representation of Female Versus Male Athletes in Sports Science and Sports Medicine Research: Evidence-Based Performance Supplements

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(5), С. 953 - 953

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2022

Although sports nutrition guidelines promote evidence-based practice, it is unclear whether women have been adequately included in the underpinning research. In view of high usage rates performance supplements by female athletes, we conducted a standardised audit literature supporting products: β-alanine, caffeine, creatine, glycerol, nitrate/beetroot juice and sodium bicarbonate. Within 1826 studies totalling 34,889 participants, just 23% participants were women, although 34% at least one woman. Across different supplements, 0-8% investigated exclusively, while fewer (0-2%) specifically designed to compare sex-based responses. The annual publication female-specific was ~8 times than those investigating exclusively male cohorts. Interestingly, 15% classified as international/world-class compared with 7% men. Most outcomes but displayed poorer representation (16% participants), whereas health-focussed had greatest proportion (35%). Only 14% including attempted define menstrual status, only three (~0.5%) implementing best practice methodologies assess status. New research should target efficacy future recommendations consider how well athletes contributed evidence-base.

Язык: Английский

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“Food First but Not Always Food Only”: Recommendations for Using Dietary Supplements in Sport

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 32(5), С. 371 - 386

Опубликована: Март 12, 2022

The term "food first" has been widely accepted as the preferred strategy within sport nutrition, although there is no agreed definition of this and often limited consideration implications. We propose that food first should mean "where practically possible, nutrient provision come from whole foods drinks rather than isolated components or dietary supplements." There are many reasons to commend a strategy, including risk supplement contamination resulting in anti-doping violations. However, few supplements can enhance health and/or performance, therefore only approach could be inappropriate. six why may not always optimal for athletes: (a) some nutrients difficult obtain sufficient quantities diet, require excessive energy intake consumption other nutrients; (b) abundant athletes do eat/like; (c) content with established ergogenic benefits highly variable; (d) concentrated doses required correct deficiencies promote immune tolerance; (e) consume immediately before, during after exercise; (f) tested help where concerns about hygiene contamination. In these situations, it acceptable athlete consider sports providing comprehensive minimization implemented. As consequence, important stress terminology but only."

Язык: Английский

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International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Май 24, 2023

Based on a comprehensive review and critical analysis of the literature regarding nutritional concerns female athletes, conducted by experts in field selected members International Society Sports Nutrition (ISSN), following conclusions represent official Position Society: 1. Female athletes have unique unpredictable hormone profiles, which influence their physiology needs across lifespan. To understand how perturbations these hormones affect individual, we recommend that reproductive age should track hormonal status (natural, driven) against training recovery to determine individual patterns peri post-menopausal metrics individuals’ patterns. 2. The primary consideration for all particular, be achieving adequate energy intake meet requirements achieve an optimal availability (EA); with focus timing meals relation exercise improve adaptations, performance, athlete health. 3. Significant sex differences influences carbohydrate lipid metabolism are apparent, therefore first ensuring phases menstrual cycle. Secondly, tailoring emphasis greater during active pill weeks oral contraceptive users luteal phase cycle where there is effect suppression gluconogenesis output exercise. 4. upon limited research available, pre-menopausal, eumenorrheic, contraceptives using aim consume source high-quality protein as close beginning and/or after completion possible reduce exercise-induced amino acid oxidative losses initiate muscle remodeling repair at dose 0.32–0.38 g·kg−1. For eumenorrheic women, ingestion upper end range due catabolic actions progesterone need acids. 5. Close exercise, peri- bolus high EAA-containing (~10 g) intact sources or supplements overcome anabolic resistance. 6. Daily fall within mid- ranges current sport nutrition guidelines (1.4–2.2 g·kg−1·day−1) women stages function (pre-, peri-, post-menopausal, users) doses evenly distributed, every 3-4 h, day. Eumenorrheic peri/post-menopausal regardless sport, range. 7. fluid dynamics electrolyte handling. A predisposition hyponatremia occurs times elevated progesterone, menopausal who slower excrete water. Additionally, females less absolute relative available lose via sweating than males, making physiological consequences loss more severe, particularly phase. 8. Evidence sex-specific supplementation lacking paucity female-specific any differential effects females. Caffeine, iron, creatine most evidence use Both iron highly efficacious athletes. Creatine 3 5 g per day recommended mechanistic support regard kinetics, growth factors, satellite cells, myogenic transcription glycogen calcium regulation, stress, inflammation. Post-menopausal benefit from bone health, mental skeletal size when consuming higher (0.3 g·kg−1·d−1). 9. foster promote investigations involving researchers encouraged stop excluding unless endpoints directly influenced mechanisms. In investigative scenarios, globe inquire report detailed information surrounding athlete’s status, including (days since menses, length period, duration cycle, etc.) details status.

Язык: Английский

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The efficacy of dietary supplements on health status and performance of football players: a systematic review

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

Abstract This study aimed to review the efficacy of commonly used supplements on health status and performance football players. We searched several databases for relevant publications published in English up June 2024 using keywords such as nutritional supplementation, performance, football, The available literature indicated that l -arginine may improve cardiovascular function, ventilation, serum level lactate, maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2 Max) Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) multiple-choice reaction time. Creatine jumping, sprinting, change direction speed, reduce fatigue. Among vitamins, vitamin D improves injury-related hormones cortisol testosterone. B vitamins blood lactate recovery periods. Vitamin E C by decreasing oxidative stress increasing antioxidant capacity delivery exercising skeletal muscles. Iron supplementation endurance capacity. Further studies are warranted confirm effects players, identify appropriate dosage also determine their mechanism action.

Язык: Английский

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Making Decisions About Supplement Use

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 28(2), С. 212 - 219

Опубликована: Март 1, 2018

The use of dietary supplements is widespread among athletes in all sports and at levels competition, as it the general population. For athlete training limits what sustainable, or for those seeking a shortcut to achieving their aims, offer prospect bridging gap between success failure. Surveys show, however, that this often not an informed choice knowledge level consumers low they are influenced decisions by individuals with equally inadequate understanding issues stake. Supplement may do more harm than good, unless based on sound analysis evidence. Where deficiency essential nutrient has been established appropriate investigations, supplementation can provide rapid effective correction problem. Supplements also convenient time-efficient solution necessary intake key nutrients such protein carbohydrate. Athletes contemplating should consider potential both positive negative outcomes. Some ergogenic be benefit some specific contexts, but many less claimed. harmful health performance contain agents prohibited anti-doping regulations. make choices maximize benefits while minimizing risks.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Arginine Supplementation on Athletic Performance Based on Energy Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(5), С. 1300 - 1300

Опубликована: Май 2, 2020

Nitric oxide related ergogenic aids such as arginine (Arg) have shown to impact positively on sport performance through several physiological and metabolic mechanisms. However, research results be controversial. The great differences regarding required pathways demands between aerobic anaerobic disciplines could the reasons. aim of this systematic review meta-analysis was evaluate effects Arg supplementation (≤VO2max) (>VO2max) performance. Likewise, show effective dose timing supplementation. A structured search carried out in accordance with PRISMA® (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses) statement PICOS guidelines PubMed/MEDLINE, Web Science (WOS), Scopus databases from inception January 2020. Eighteen studies were included which compare placebo an identical situation testing its tests. Trials analyzing other supplements removed there not athlete's level, gender, ethnicity, or age filters. performed 15 random model pooled standardized mean (SMD) used according Hedges' g. Results revealed that improve (SMD, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.12 1.56; magnitude SMD (MSMD), large; I2, 89%; p = 0.02) 0.24; 0.05 0.43; MSMD, small; 0%; 0.01) In conclusion, acute protocols should adjusted 0.15 g/kg body weight ingested 60-90 min before. Moreover, chronic include 1.5-2 g/day 4-7 weeks order performance, 10-12 8 enhance

Язык: Английский

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Prevalence of dietary supplement use by gym members in Portugal and associated factors

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2020

Although there seems to be an increasing interest in the use of dietary supplements those who exercise recreationally and want improve body composition, is little published data regarding gym users supplement use.This cross-sectional study describes prevalence type used by gyms members, reasons for using them information source a self-administered online questionnaire.Of 459 participants (301 females) answered survey, 43.8% reported supplements. Users were more likely men (62.7% vs. 33.9%, p < 0.05), younger (32 ± 9 34 11 years, 0.05) trained hours per week (6 3 vs 4 h, than non-users. The most consumed proteins (80.1%), multivitamins and/or minerals (38.3%), sport bars (37.3%), branched-chain amino acids (BCAA's) (36.8%) n-3 fatty (35.5%). Men arginine, BCAA's, creatine, glutamine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), proteins, β-alanine, taurine, multivitamin/minerals, carbohydrate (p 0.05). commonly cited gaining muscle (55.7%), accelerating recovery (52.7%) improving performance (47.3%). have often referred increase strength, resistance, gain mass, accelerate as women Those mentioned reason did not (30.4 years 33.7 sources registered dietitians (23.1%), internet (22.2%) him/herself (16.6%). majority (> 70%) declared being well or very informed about supplements, while only minority (4%) felt poorly informed. Most individuals purchased from (56.2%) supplement/health food stores (43.4%).This concluded that are large consumers men, young, protein powders, aiming obtain dietitians, consider themselves buy online.

Язык: Английский

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Cardiovascular effects of doping substances, commonly prescribed medications and ergogenic aids in relation to sports: a position statement of the sport cardiology and exercise nucleus of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 29(3), С. 559 - 575

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2021

Abstract The use of substances and medications with potential cardiovascular effects among those practicing sports physical activity has progressively increased in recent years. This is also connected to the promotion exercise as core aspects a healthy lifestyle, which led an increase sport participation across all ages. In this context, three main users’ categories can be identified, (i) professional amateur athletes using enhance their performance, (ii) people chronic conditions, include therapeutic plan, association prescribed medications, (iii) young individuals supplements or ergogenic aids integrate diet obtaining cognitive enhancement effect. All used for these purposes have been reported side effects, whom consequences are most dangerous could lead cardiac events. effect depends on type substance, amount, duration use, individual response substances, considering great variability responses. Position Paper reviews literature represents update previously published 2006. objective inform physicians, athletes, coaches, participating health purpose, about adverse doping commonly aids, when associated exercise.

Язык: Английский

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