International Association of Athletics Federations Consensus Statement 2019: Nutrition for Athletics

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 29(2), С. 73 - 84

Опубликована: Март 1, 2019

The International Association of Athletics Federations recognizes the importance nutritional practices in optimizing an Athlete's well-being and performance. Although encompasses a diverse range track-and-field events with different performance determinants, there are common goals around support for adaptation to training, optimal key events, reducing risk injury illness. Periodized guidelines can be provided appropriate type, amount, timing intake food fluids promote health across scenarios training competition. Some Athletes at relative energy deficiency sport arising from mismatch between exercise expenditure. Competition nutrition strategies may involve pre-event, within-event, between-event eating address requirements carbohydrate fluid replacement. "food first" policy should underpin plan, occasions judicious use medical supplements nutrient deficiencies or sports foods that help athlete meet when it is impractical eat food. Evidence-based include caffeine, bicarbonate, beta-alanine, nitrate, creatine; however, their value specific characteristics event. Special considerations needed travel, challenging environments (e.g., heat altitude); special populations females, young masters athletes); restricted dietary choice vegetarian). Ideally, each Athlete develop personalized, periodized, practical plan via collaboration coach accredited experts, optimize

Язык: Английский

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Contemporary Nutrition Strategies to Optimize Performance in Distance Runners and Race Walkers

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 29(2), С. 117 - 129

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2019

Distance events in Athletics include cross country, 10,000-m track race, half-marathon and marathon road races, 20- 50-km race walking over different terrain environmental conditions. Race times for elite performers span ∼26 min to >4 hr, with key factors success being a high aerobic power, the ability exercise at large fraction of this running/walking economy. Nutrition-related contributors body mass anthropometry, capacity use fuels, particularly carbohydrate (CHO) produce adenosine triphosphate economically duration event, maintenance reasonable hydration status face sweat losses induced by intensity environment. nutrition strategies CHO-rich eating hours per days prior event store glycogen amounts sufficient fuel needs, some cases, in-race consumption CHO fluid offset losses. Beneficial intakes range from small amounts, including mouth rinsing, case shorter rates intake (75–90 g/hr) longest races. A personalized practiced plan should balance benefits consumed within practical opportunities, against time, cost, risk gut discomfort. In hot environments, prerace hyperhydration or cooling may provide but useful accrued thermal challenge deficit. Sports foods (drinks, gels, etc.) assist meeting training/race plans, caffeine, and, perhaps nitrate used as evidence-based performance supplements.

Язык: Английский

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³¹P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in skeletal muscle: Experts' consensus recommendations

NMR in Biomedicine, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 34(5)

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2020

Skeletal muscle phosphorus‐31 31 P MRS is the oldest methodology to be applied in vivo metabolic research. The technical requirements of skeletal depend on research question, and assess those questions requires understanding both relevant physiology, how methods can probe it. Here we consider basic signal‐acquisition parameters related radio frequency excitation, TR, TE , spectral resolution, shim localisation. We make specific recommendations for studies resting exercising muscle, including magnetisation transfer, data processing. summarise information that quantitatively assessed with MRS, either measured directly or derived by calculations particular models, give advice potential problems interpretation. expected values tolerable ranges some quantities, minimum reporting acquisition experimental results publications. Reliable examination depends a reproducible setup, standardised preconditioning subject, careful control difficulties, important considerations confounders. Our include quantification standardisation contraction intensity, best account heterogeneous recruitment. highlight pitfalls assessment mitochondrial function analysis phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery kinetics. Finally, outline complementary techniques (near‐infrared spectroscopy, arterial spin labelling, BOLD various other MRI 1 H measurements) help physiological/metabolic interpretation providing about blood flow oxygen delivery/utilisation. will assist achieving fullest possible reliable picture physiology pathophysiology.

Язык: Английский

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A Framework for Periodized Nutrition for Athletics

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 29(2), С. 141 - 151

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2019

Over the last decade, in support of training periodization, there has been an emergence around concept nutritional periodization. Within athletics (track and field), science art periodization is a cornerstone with recent commentaries emphasizing underappreciated complexity associated predictable performance on demand. Nevertheless, varying levels evidence, sport event specific sequencing various units sessions (long [macrocycle; months], medium [mesocycle; weeks], short [microcycle; days within-day duration]) routine approach to Indeed, implementation strategic temporal nutrition interventions (macro, meso, micro) can enhance prescription adaptation, as well acute performance. However, general framework how, why, when could be implemented not yet established. It beyond scope this review highlight every potential application. Instead, will focus generalized framework, examples macro-, meso-, microperiodization for macronutrients carbohydrates, and, by extension, fat. More specifically, authors establish evidence rationale situations high carbohydrate availability, more chronic manipulation carbohydrates coupled training. The topic periodized made considerable gains over decade but ripe further scientific progress field

Язык: Английский

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Youth Athlete Development and Nutrition

Sports Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 51(S1), С. 3 - 12

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2021

Abstract Adolescence (ages 13–18 years) is a period of significant growth and physical development that includes changes in body composition, metabolic hormonal fluctuations, maturation organ systems, establishment nutrient deposits, which all may affect future health. In terms nutrition, adolescence also an important time establishing individual’s lifelong relationship with food, particularly the connection between diet, exercise, image. The challenges management (e.g., school, training, work social commitments) periods fluctuating emotions are features this period. addition, adolescent’s peers become increasingly powerful moderators behaviours, including eating. natural experimentation can extend to food choice. Adolescent experiences not same individuals vary considerably their behaviours. To ensure adolescent athlete fulfils his/her potential, it stakeholders involved managing youth athletes emphasize eating patterns align support sound physical, physiological psychosocial consistent proven principles sport nutrition.

Язык: Английский

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Microalgae Produce Antioxidant Molecules with Potential Preventive Effects on Mitochondrial Functions and Skeletal Muscular Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(5), С. 1050 - 1050

Опубликована: Май 5, 2023

In recent years, microalgae have become a source of molecules for healthy life. Their composition carbohydrates, peptides, lipids, vitamins and carotenoids makes them promising new antioxidant molecules. Skeletal muscle is tissue that requires constant remodeling via protein turnover, its regular functioning consumes energy in the form adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which produced by mitochondria. Under conditions traumatic exercise or muscular diseases, high production reactive oxygen species (ROS) at origin oxidative stress (OS) will lead to inflammation atrophy, with life-long consequences. this review, we describe potential effects their biomolecules on mitochondrial functions skeletal during exercises musculoskeletal as sarcopenia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Duchenne dystrophy (DMD), through increase regulation pathways synthesis.

Язык: Английский

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Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in skeletal muscle: Experts' consensus recommendations

NMR in Biomedicine, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 34(5)

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2020

1 H‐MR spectroscopy of skeletal muscle provides insight into metabolism that is not available noninvasively by other methods. The recommendations given in this article are intended to guide those who have basic experience general MRS the special application H‐MRS muscle. highly organized structure leads effects change spectral features far beyond simple peak heights, depending on type and orientation Specific for acquisition three particular metabolites (intramyocellular lipids, carnosine acetylcarnitine) preconditioning experiments instructions study volunteers.

Язык: Английский

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Goals in Nutrition Science 2020-2025

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 7

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2021

Five years ago, with the editorial board of Frontiers in Nutrition, we took a leap faith to outline Goals for Nutrition Science – way see it ( 1 ). Now, 2020, can put ourselves test and take look back. Without doubt got right several key directions. To name few, Sustainable Development (SDGs) Food are part global public agenda, SDGs contribute structuring international science research. Nutritional has become critical element strengthening work on SDGs, development appropriate methodologies is built groundwork acquiring analyzing big datasets. Investigation Human Microbiome providing novel insight interrelationship between nutrition, immune system disease. Finally, an advanced definition gut-brain-axis getting glimpse into potential Brain Health. Various milestones have been achieved, any future will consider lessons learned from Covid-19 sobering awareness about frailty our food systems ensuring security. With view coming 5 2020 2025, taken slightly different approach as compared previous article. A mind map created topics nutrition science. Not surprisingly, when looking ahead, majority scientific investigation required be areas health sustainability. Johannes le Coutre, Field Chief Editor, Nutrition.

Язык: Английский

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Creatine Supplementation: An Update

Current Sports Medicine Reports, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 20(7), С. 338 - 344

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2021

Creatine is a popular and widely used ergogenic dietary supplement among athletes, for which studies have consistently shown increased lean muscle mass exercise capacity when with short-duration, high-intensity exercise. In addition to strength gains, research has that creatine supplementation may provide additional benefits including enhanced postexercise recovery, injury prevention, rehabilitation, as well number of potential neurologic be relevant sports. Studies show short- long-term safe tolerated in healthy individuals patient populations.

Язык: Английский

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Exercise-Induced Illness and Inflammation: Can Immunonutrition and Iron Help?

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 29(2), С. 181 - 188

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2018

The main focus of this review is illness among elite athletes, how and why it occurs, whether any measures can be taken to combat or prevent its onset. In particular, there particular interest in exercise-induced immunodepression, which a result the immune system regarding exercise (e.g., prolonged, exhaustive exercise) as challenge function. This promotes inflammatory response. There often high incidence athletes after undertaking strenuous exercise, particularly those competing endurance events, not only mainly terms upper respiratory tract illness, but also involving gastrointestinal problems. It may well that largely due insufficient recovery time being allowed after, for example, marathon, triathlon, other events. Two examples moderate versus are provided. recent years, increasing numbers research studies have investigated origins, symptoms, these bouts attempted alleviate symptoms with supplements, sports foods, immunonutrition. One aspect present discusses iron deficiency, has been primarily suggested an impact upon cell-mediated immunity. Immunonutrition discussed, new techniques investigating links between metabolism

Язык: Английский

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