Microbiota Metabolites in Health and Disease

Annual Review of Immunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 38(1), С. 147 - 170

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2020

Metabolism is one of the strongest drivers interkingdom interactions—including those between microorganisms and their multicellular hosts. Traditionally thought to fuel energy requirements provide building blocks for biosynthetic pathways, metabolism now appreciated its role in providing metabolites, small-molecule intermediates generated from metabolic processes, perform various regulatory functions mediate symbiotic relationships microbes Here, we review recent advances our mechanistic understanding how microbiota-derived metabolites orchestrate support physiological responses host, including immunity, inflammation, defense against infections, metabolism. Understanding metabolically communicate with hosts will us an opportunity better describe a host interacts all microbes—beneficial, pathogenic, commensal—and discover new ways treat microbial-driven diseases.

Язык: Английский

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The efficacy and safety of nutrient supplements in the treatment of mental disorders: a meta‐review of meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials

World Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 18(3), С. 308 - 324

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2019

The role of nutrition in mental health is becoming increasingly acknowledged. Along with dietary intake, can also be obtained from “nutrient supplements”, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, amino and pre/probiotic supplements. Recently, a large number meta‐analyses have emerged examining nutrient supplements the treatment disorders. To produce meta‐review this top‐tier evidence, we identified, synthesized appraised all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on efficacy safety common severe Our systematic search identified 33 placebo‐controlled RCTs, primary analyses including outcome data 10,951 individuals. strongest evidence was found for PUFAs (particularly eicosapentaenoic acid) an adjunctive depression. More nascent suggested that may beneficial attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, whereas there no schizophrenia. Folate‐based were widely researched treatments depression schizophrenia, positive effects RCTs high‐dose methylfolate major depressive disorder. There emergent N‐acetylcysteine useful mood disorders All had good profiles, serious adverse or contraindications psychiatric medications. In conclusion, clinicians should informed established certain conditions (such acid depression), but made aware those currently lacking evidentiary support. Future research aim to determine which individuals benefit most evidence‐based supplements, further elucidate underlying mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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The Inflamed Brain in Schizophrenia: The Convergence of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors That Lead to Uncontrolled Neuroinflammation

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 14

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2020

Schizophrenia is a disorder with heterogeneous etiology involving complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors. The immune system now known to play vital roles in nervous function pathology through regulating neuronal glial development, synaptic plasticity, behavior. In this regard, the positioned as common link seemingly diverse factors for schizophrenia. Synthesizing information about how immune-brain axis affected by multiple these might interact schizophrenia necessary better understand pathogenesis of disease. Such knowledge will aid development more translatable animal models that may lead effective therapeutic interventions. Here, we provide an overview modulate function. We also explore including exposure pollution, gut dysbiosis, maternal activation early-life stress, consequences are linked microglial dysfunction. propose morphological signaling deficits blood-brain barrier, observed some individuals schizophrenia, can act gateway peripheral central inflammation, thus affecting microglia their essential functions. Finally, describe response neuroinflammation impact on brain homeostasis, well pathophysiology.

Язык: Английский

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The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric disorders

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 43(3), С. 293 - 305

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2020

The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional signaling mechanism between the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. complexity of intestinal ecosystem extraordinary; it comprises more than 100 trillion microbial cells that inhabit small large intestine, this interaction microbiota epithelium can cause physiological changes in brain influence mood behavior. Currently, there has been an emphasis on how such interactions affect mental health. Evidence indicates are involved neurological psychiatric disorders. This review covers evidence for gut behavior Alzheimer disease, dementia, anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar major depressive Parkinson's schizophrenia. primary focus pathways metabolites origin, including short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites, bacterial components activate host's immune We also list clinical regarding prebiotics, probiotics, fecal transplantation as adjuvant therapies neuropsychiatric

Язык: Английский

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Altered gut microbiota and mucosal immunity in patients with schizophrenia

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 85, С. 120 - 127

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2019

Язык: Английский

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