Untethered soft actuators for soft standalone robotics

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

Abstract Soft actuators produce the mechanical force needed for functional movements of soft robots, but they suffer from critical drawbacks since previously reported often rely on electrical wires or pneumatic tubes power supply, which would limit potential usage robots in various practical applications. In this article, we review new types untethered that represent breakthroughs and discuss future perspective actuators. We materials innovative strategies gave rise to deliver our challenges opportunities future-generation

Язык: Английский

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State of the Art in Actuation of Micro/Nanorobots for Biomedical Applications

Small Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2024

The emergence of micro/nanorobotics stands poised to revolutionize various biomedical applications, given its potential offer precision, reduced invasiveness, and enhanced functionality. In the face such potential, understanding mechanisms that drive these tiny robots, especially their actuation techniques, becomes critical. Although there is a surge in research dedicated micro/nanorobotics, exists gap consolidating diverse strategies suitability for applications. This comprehensive review seeks bridge this by providing an in‐depth evaluation current techniques employed micro/nanorobots, particularly emphasizing relevance clinical translation. discussion starts elucidating different strategies, ranging from magnetic, electric, acoustic, light‐based, chemical biological mechanisms. Then, examples meticulous assessment each technique are offered, spotlighting respective merits limitations within context. illuminates transformative capabilities methods medicine. It not only highlights progress made burgeoning field but also underscores areas require further exploration development.

Язык: Английский

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Chemical multiscale robotics for bacterial biofilm treatment

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(5), С. 2284 - 2299

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

A biofilm constitutes a bacterial community encased in sticky matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. These intricate microbial communities adhere to various host surfaces such as hard and soft tissues well indwelling medical devices. aggregates form robust substances (EPSs), leading the majority human infections. Such infections tend exhibit high resistance treatment, often progressing into chronic states. The EPS protects bacteria from hostile environment prevents penetration antibacterial agents. Modern robots at nano, micro, millimeter scales are highly attractive candidates for biomedical applications due their diverse functionalities, navigating confined spaces targeted multitasking. In this tutorial review, we describe key milestones strategies developed removal eradication biofilms using different sizes shapes. It can be seen that useful effective tools treating biofilms, thus preventing persistent infections, loss costly implanted devices, additional costs associated with hospitalization therapies.

Язык: Английский

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Advanced materials for micro/nanorobotics

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(18), С. 9190 - 9253

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Autonomous micro/nanorobots capable of performing programmed missions are at the forefront next-generation micromachinery. These small robotic systems predominantly constructed using functional components sourced from micro- and nanoscale materials; therefore, combining them with various advanced materials represents a pivotal direction toward achieving higher level intelligence multifunctionality. This review provides comprehensive overview for innovative micro/nanorobotics, focusing on five families that have witnessed most rapid advancements over last decade: two-dimensional materials, metal-organic frameworks, semiconductors, polymers, biological cells. Their unique physicochemical, mechanical, optical, properties been integrated into to achieve greater maneuverability, programmability, intelligence, multifunctionality in collective behaviors. The design fabrication methods hybrid discussed based material categories. In addition, their promising potential powering motion and/or (multi-)functionality is described fundamental principles underlying explained. Finally, extensive use variety applications, including environmental remediation, (bio)sensing, therapeutics,

Язык: Английский

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A Survey of Recent Developments in Magnetic Microrobots for Micro-/Nano-Manipulation

Micromachines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(4), С. 468 - 468

Опубликована: Март 29, 2024

Magnetically actuated microrobots have become a research hotspot in recent years due to their tiny size, untethered control, and rapid response capability. Moreover, an increasing number of researchers are applying them for micro-/nano-manipulation the biomedical field. This survey provides comprehensive overview developments magnetic microrobots, focusing on materials, propulsion mechanisms, design strategies, fabrication techniques, diverse applications. The exploration biosafety considerations, methods serves as foundation designs discussed this review. paper delves into categories, encompassing helical, surface, ciliary, scaffold, biohybrid with each demonstrating unique capabilities. Furthermore, various including direct laser writing, glancing angle deposition, biotemplating synthesis, template-assisted electrochemical self-assembly, examined owing contributions realization microrobots. potential impact across multidisciplinary domains is presented through application areas, such drug delivery, minimally invasive surgery, cell manipulation, environmental remediation. review highlights summary current challenges, hurdles overcome, future directions microrobot different fields.

Язык: Английский

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Micro/nanoscale magnetic robots for biomedical applications

Materials Today Bio, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8, С. 100085 - 100085

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2020

Magnetic small-scale robots are devices of great potential for the biomedical field because several benefits this method actuation. Recent work on development these has seen tremendous innovation and refinement toward ​improved performance clinical applications. This review briefly details recent advancements in used applications, covering their design, fabrication, demonstration ability, identifies gap studies difficulties that have persisted optimization use devices. In addition, alternative applications also suggested some technologies show other functions. study concludes although robot research is highly innovative ​there need more concerted efforts to improve functionality reliability particularly Finally, further suggestions made ​the achievement commercialization

Язык: Английский

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Ultrasound-activated ciliary bands for microrobotic systems inspired by starfish

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2021

Abstract Cilia are short, hair-like appendages ubiquitous in various biological systems, which have evolved to manipulate and gather food liquids at regimes where viscosity dominates inertia. Inspired by these natural synthetic cilia been developed utilized microfluidics microrobotics achieve functionalities such as propulsion, liquid pumping mixing, particle manipulation. Here, we demonstrate ultrasound-activated ciliary bands that mimic the arrangements of on surface starfish larva. Our system leverages nonlinear acoustics microscales drive bulk fluid motion via acoustically actuated small-amplitude oscillations cilia. By arranging planar angled towards (+) or away (−) from each other, akin a flow source sink. We further combine characteristics with physical principle circumvent scallop theorem realize acoustic-based propulsion microscales. Finally, inspired feeding mechanism larva, an analogous microparticle trap + − adjacent other.

Язык: Английский

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New Dimension in Magnetism and Superconductivity: 3D and Curvilinear Nanoarchitectures

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 34(3)

Опубликована: Окт. 27, 2021

Abstract Traditionally, the primary field, where curvature has been at heart of research, is theory general relativity. In recent studies, however, impact curvilinear geometry enters various disciplines, ranging from solid‐state physics over soft‐matter physics, chemistry, and biology to mathematics, giving rise a plethora emerging domains such as nematics, studies cell biology, semiconductors, superfluidity, optics, 2D van der Waals materials, plasmonics, magnetism, superconductivity. Here, state art summarized prospects for future research in systems exhibiting fundamental cooperative phenomena ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, superconductivity are outlined. Highlighting developments current challenges theory, fabrication, characterization micro‐ nanostructures, special attention paid perspective directions entailing new their strong application potential. Overall, aimed crossing boundaries between magnetism communities drawing conceptual aspects how extension structures into third dimension can modify existing aid launching novel functionalities. addition, should stimulate development dissemination oriented techniques facilitate rapid transitions laboratory demonstrations industry‐ready prototypes eventual products.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advances in Microswimmers for Biomedical Applications

Micromachines, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(12), С. 1048 - 1048

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2020

Microswimmers are a rapidly developing research area attracting enormous attention because of their many potential applications with high societal value. A particularly promising target for cleverly engineered microswimmers is the field biomedical applications, where interesting examples have already been reported e.g., cargo transport and drug delivery, artificial insemination, sensing, indirect manipulation cells other microscopic objects, imaging, microsurgery. Pioneered only two decades ago, studies on use in currently progressing at an incredibly fast pace. Given recent nature research, there no clinically approved microswimmer uses, it likely that several years will yet pass before any clinical uses can become reality. Nevertheless, current laying foundation translation, as more explore various strategies biocompatible biodegradable fueled by vivo-friendly means. The aim this review to provide summary microswimmers, focus most advances. Finally, main considerations challenges translation commercialization discussed.

Язык: Английский

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A perspective on curvilinear magnetism

Applied Physics Letters, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(23)

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2021

By exploring geometry-governed magnetic interactions, curvilinear magnetism offers a number of intriguing effects in curved wires and films. Recent advances experimental techniques change the status magnetism, allowing exploitation 3D nanomagnets emerging devices with numerous applications. Here, we provide our Perspective on recent progress, challenges, prospects special focus novel physical caused by tailoring curvature topology conventional materials.

Язык: Английский

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