Micromachines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(12), С. 1454 - 1454
Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2024
Micro-
and
nanorobots
(MNRs)
have
attracted
significant
interest
owing
to
their
promising
applications
in
various
fields,
including
environmental
monitoring,
biomedicine,
microengineering.
This
review
explores
advances
the
synthetic
routes
used
for
preparation
of
MNRs,
focusing
on
both
top-down
bottom-up
approaches.
Although
approach
dominates
field
because
its
versatility
design
functionality,
strategies
that
utilize
template-assisted
electrochemical
deposition
bioconjugation
present
unique
advantages
terms
biocompatibility.
investigates
diverse
propulsion
mechanisms
employed
magnetic,
electric,
light,
biological
forces,
which
enable
efficient
navigation
fluidic
environments.
The
interplay
between
synthesis
MNRs
development
colorimetric
fluorescence
detection
platforms
is
emphasized.
Additionally,
we
summarize
recent
advancements
as
sensing
biosensing
platforms,
particularly
fluorescence-based
systems.
By
utilizing
controlled
motion
dynamic
changes
fluorescent
signals
responses
can
be
achieved,
thereby
enhancing
sensitivity
selectivity
biomolecular
detection.
highlights
transformative
potential
emphasizes
role
advancing
diagnostic
technologies
through
innovative
motion-driven
signal
transduction
mechanisms.
Subsequently,
provide
an
overview
primary
challenges
currently
faced
MNR
research,
along
with
our
perspective
future
MNR-assisted
chemical
sensing.
Moreover,
issues
related
enhanced
stability,
biocompatibility,
integration
existing
systems
are
discussed.
ACS Applied Nano Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
7(15), С. 17151 - 17192
Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024
The
advancement
of
precision
medicine
in
modern
biomedicine
has
been
significantly
propelled
by
the
emergence
micro/nanorobots.
combination
micro/nanorobots
and
offers
unique
advantages
holds
attractive
potential
for
applications.
It
effectively
addresses
challenges
encountered
traditional
robots
areas
such
as
driving,
sensing,
intelligence
other
aspects,
especially
application
cancer
cardiovascular
diseases,
which
is
a
hot
field
interdisciplinary
research
recent
years.
This
review
succinctly
delineates
analyzes
advancements
First,
achievements
years
are
systematically
classified
introduced
from
four
perspectives:
manufacturing
design,
drive
control,
biomedical
degradation.
In
particular,
in-depth
discussions
were
conducted
regarding
solutions
each
stage.
Second,
based
on
latest
results
applications,
development
direction
industrial
applications
key
technical
aspects
that
need
to
be
paid
attention
emphasized.
Finally,
we
discuss
opportunities
future,
it
expected
will
become
more
sophisticated
capable
performing
multiple
medical
functions
tasks.
They
implemented
vivo
assist
doctors
diagnosing
treating
diseases.
shows
significant
medicine.
Applied Physics Reviews,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12(2)
Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2025
Spinel
cobalt
ferrite
(CoFe2O4,
CFO)
nanoparticles
(NPs)
are
a
major
focus
of
fundamental
science
and
technological
innovation
due
to
their
distinctive
mix
magnetic,
electrical,
chemical
characteristics.
CFO
NPs
have
outstanding
stability,
modest
saturation
magnetism
(∼80
emu/g),
high
Curie
temperature
(∼793
K),
significant
magnetocrystalline
anisotropy.
These
characteristics,
further
improved
by
cation
substitution
surface
functionalization,
enable
wide
range
applications.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
analysis
NPs,
covering
synthesis
methods,
physicochemical
characterization,
modifications,
diverse
We
compare
the
environmental
impact,
scalability,
yield,
particle
size
control
variety
techniques,
including
co-precipitation,
hydrothermal,
sol-gel
route,
combustion
method,
microemulsion,
thermal
decomposition,
electrochemical
synthesis,
polyol
green
methods.
The
sustainable
alternative
which
employs
plant-
microbe-mediated
biosynthesis,
is
becoming
increasingly
important
in
biomedical
sectors.
Furthermore,
we
explore
advanced
functionalization
techniques
that
employ
monomeric,
inorganic,
polymeric
stabilizers
improve
biocompatibility
stability
NPs.
effects
(such
as
transition
metals
rare-earth
dopants)
on
magnetic
properties
examined
detail,
addressing
challenges
like
cost
real-world
Moreover,
present
detailed
discussion
correlating
structural,
morphological,
dielectric,
optical,
electrical
with
methods
modifications.
traditional
energy
storage
conversion
applications
comprehensively
discussed.
Additionally,
highlights
applications,
(e.g.,
MRI
contrast
agents,
hyperthermia,
biosensors),
role
electronics
optoelectronics,
purification
catalysis
well
advances
electromagnetic
technologies.
Emerging
roles
quantum
computing,
nanorobotics,
tissue
engineering,
bioimaging,
also
discussed,
emphasizing
cutting-edge
potential
multifunctional
objective
this
critically
evaluate
recent
advancements,
challenges,
future
research
directions
bridge
divide
understanding
systematic
evaluation
establishes
strong
foundation
for
researchers,
allowing
them
investigate
novel
both
current
emerging
domains.
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2024
Abstract
Biohybrid
micro/nanorobots
hold
a
great
potential
for
advancing
biomedical
research.
These
tiny
structures,
designed
to
mimic
biological
organisms,
offer
promising
method
targeted
drug
delivery,
tissue
engineering,
biosensing/imaging,
and
cancer
therapy,
among
other
applications.
The
integration
of
biology
robotics
opens
new
possibilities
minimally
invasive
surgeries
personalized
healthcare
solutions.
key
challenges
in
the
development
biohybrid
include
ensuring
biocompatibility,
addressing
manufacturing
scalability,
enhancing
navigation
localization
capabilities,
maintaining
stability
dynamic
environments,
navigating
regulatory
hurdles,
successfully
translating
these
innovative
technologies
into
clinical
Herein,
recent
advancements,
challenges,
future
perspectives
related
applications
are
described.
Indeed,
this
review
sheds
light
on
cutting‐edge
developments
field,
providing
researchers
with
an
updated
overview
current
realm
applications,
offering
insights
their
practical
Furthermore,
it
delves
advancements
field
micro/nanorobotics,
comprehensive
analysis
state‐of‐the‐art
field.
Advanced Materials Technologies,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 16, 2024
Abstract
Biomimetic
and
biohybrid
micro/nano‐structures
involve
the
replication
creation
of
technologies,
structures,
materials
based
on
biological
systems
at
micrometer
nanometer
scale.
These
strategies
harness
natural
principles
to
develop
innovative
treatment
methods
advanced
microstructure
devices
for
noninvasive
therapies.
In
this
study,
a
detailed
overview
fabrication
processes,
magnetically
assisted
locomotive
techniques,
potential
applications
biomimetic
micro/nano‐machines
are
presented.
The
latest
advancements
in
actuated
such
as
annelid‐worm‐like
microswimmers,
jellyfish‐shaped
microparticles,
fish‐shaped
walnut‐shaped
micromotors
explored.
Additionally,
magnetic
systems,
including
sunflower
seed‐based
micro‐perforators,
nanomotors
extracted
from
bamboo
stem,
sperm
cell‐based
micromotors,
bacteria‐based
robots,
scaffold‐based
microrobots,
DNA‐based
microalgae‐based
red
blood
microswimmers
also
examined.
A
thorough
investigation
behavior
these
Newtonian
fluids,
featuring
cork‐screw
motion,
undulatory
surface
wrinkling
traveling
wave‐like
ciliary
stroke
motion
is
discussed.
Furthermore,
unprecedented
developed
using
minuscule
cervical
cancer
tetrapod
hybrid
tissue
regeneration
silk
fibroin
protein‐based
microscale
scaffolds,
doxorubicin
drug
delivery
mushroom‐based
microrobots
extensively
Triple-negative
breast
cancer
(TNBC),
characterized
by
its
aggressive
metastatic
propensity
and
lack
of
effective
targeted
therapeutic
options,
poses
a
major
challenge
in
oncological
management.
A
proof-of-concept
neoadjuvant
strategy
aimed
at
inhibiting
TNBC
tumor
growth
mitigating
metastasis
through
localized
delivery
chemotherapeutics
is
reported
this
paper.
This
approach
addresses
the
limitations
payload
capacity
stimuli
responsiveness
commonly
associated
with
microrobotics
oncology.
hydrogel-based
system
developed
for
immobilization
chemotherapeutic
agents,
subsequently
encapsulated
within
magnetically
responsive
microrobots.
design
leverages
external
magnetic
fields
to
facilitate
precise
navigation
localization
agents
directly
site.
The
efficacy
demonstrated
an
animal
model,
which
significant
14-fold
reduction
size
suppression
critical
organs
such
as
liver
lungs
are
observed.
Crucially,
drug
release
mechanism
engineered
be
microenvironment
regulated
overexpression
enzymatic
activity
matrix
metalloproteinases
(MMP2
MMP9)
tumors,
triggering
degradation
hydrogel
matrix,
leading
controlled
immobilized
drug.
ensures
that
action
localized,
reducing
systemic
toxicity
enhancing
treatment
efficacy.
These
findings
suggest
holds
promise
broader
applications
other
types.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2024
Abstract
Sensing
and
imaging
of
biomolecules
are
crucial
to
disease
diagnosis,
prognosis,
therapy
where
optical
techniques
have
essential
utility.
Untethered
remotely
controlled
micro/nanorobots
shown
promising
sensing
capabilities,
especially
in
complex
biological
environments.
In
this
review,
how
used
for
biosensing
while
highlighting
the
significant
developments
field
is
discussed.
Starting
done
by
exploring
colorimetric
methods
enabled
micro/nanorobots.
Significant
advancements
surface‐enhanced
Raman
spectroscopy‐integrated
reviewed.
Further,
state‐of‐the‐art
bio‐imaging
applications
at
vitro
intracellular
level
highlighted.
Novel
vivo
assisted
micro/nanorobot
sensors
examined.
Furthermore,
innovations
assessed
motion
augmentation
as
a
detection
mechanism,
with
point‐of‐care
molecular
diagnostics.
Finally,
challenges
associated
micro/nanorobots‐assisted
advanced
discussing
insights
about
potential
research
directions
rapidly
progressing
summarized.
Eye
fundus
diseases,
such
as
retinal
degenerative
which
lead
to
blindness
in
≈12%
of
individuals
aged
>65
years,
cause
permanent
damage
cells.
The
antioxidant
quercetin
(QC)
is
promising
for
the
effective
treatment
eye
diseases;
however,
its
poor
solubility
and
low
retention
rate
often
limit
clinical
application.
Herein,
an
situ
ophthalmic
tethered
gold
yarnball
(GY)
that
doubles
ocular
agent
QC
reservoir
overcome
drug
developed.
After
intravitreal
injection,
QC@GYs
enhance
cell
leakage
internal
limiting
membrane
permeability,
facilitating
partial
penetration
into
intraretinal
tissue.
combination
retina‐tethered
QC@GY
first‐level
sustained
release
reduces
macular
degeneration
vivo
by
effectively
regulating
oxidative
stress.
Furthermore,
preserves
viability
pigment
epithelium
cells,
apoptosis,
suppresses
drusen
formation.
This
preservation
morphology
function
maximizes
therapeutic
impact
while
minimizing
need
frequent
intraocular
administration.
Overall,
GY
platform
a
versatile
tool
delivery
diseases.
