Medicine,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
102(15), С. e33439 - e33439
Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2023
We
aimed
to
investigate
the
differential
diagnosis
of
depressive
episodes
in
patients
with
major
disorder
(MDD)
and
bipolar
(BD)
using
peripheral
blood
cytokine
expression
levels.
The
levels
interleukin
(IL)-2,
IL-6,
IL-10,
IL-17,
IL4,
IL-12;
interferon
(IFN)-γ;
tumor
necrosis
factor
(TNF)-α
were
measured
MDD
BD
presenting
acute
an
inpatient
psychiatric
setting.
IFN-γ
groups
higher
than
those
control
group
(P
<
.05),
but
there
was
no
significant
difference
between
patient
group.
Only
TNF-α
IL-4
both
group,
had
.05).
IFN-γ,
significantly
BD-related
manic
TNF-α,
MDD-related
receiver
operating
characteristic
curve
test
for
area
under
revealed
good
clinical
predictability.
Patients
exhibited
different
profiles
when
experiencing
episodes;
a
more
severe
immune-inflammatory
response
system-compensatory
immunoregulatory
system
(CIRS)
imbalance.
found
have
diagnostic
value
differentiating
active
BD.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
19(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2022
Abstract
Major
depressive
disorder
is
a
highly
debilitating
psychiatric
involving
the
dysfunction
of
different
cell
types
in
brain.
Microglia
are
predominant
resident
immune
cells
brain
and
exhibit
critical
role
depression.
Recent
studies
have
suggested
that
depression
can
be
regarded
as
microglial
disease.
regulate
inflammation,
synaptic
plasticity,
formation
neural
networks,
all
which
affect
In
this
review,
we
highlighted
microglia
pathology
First,
described
activation
animal
models
clinically
depressed
patients.
Second,
emphasized
possible
mechanisms
by
recognize
depression-associated
stress
conditions.
Third,
how
antidepressants
(clinical
medicines
natural
products)
activation.
Thus,
review
aimed
to
objectively
analyze
focus
on
potential
antidepressants.
These
data
regulation
actions
might
novel
therapeutic
strategy
counteract
adverse
effects
devastating
mental
disorders.
Contemporary
studies
have
completely
changed
the
view
of
brain
immunity
from
envisioning
as
isolated
and
inaccessible
to
peripheral
immune
cells
an
organ
in
close
physical
functional
communication
with
system
for
its
maintenance,
function,
repair.
Circulating
reside
special
niches
brain's
borders,
choroid
plexus,
meninges,
perivascular
spaces,
which
they
patrol
sense
a
remote
manner.
These
niches,
together
meningeal
lymphatic
skull
microchannels,
provide
multiple
routes
interaction
between
system,
addition
blood
vasculature.
In
this
Review,
we
describe
current
ideas
about
their
implications
aging,
diseases,
immune-based
therapeutic
approaches.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
24(1), С. 578 - 578
Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2022
Depression
is
one
of
the
leading
mental
illnesses
worldwide
and
lowers
quality
life
many.
According
to
WHO,
about
5%
population
suffers
from
depression.
Newer
studies
report
a
staggering
global
prevalence
27.6%,
it
rising.
Professionally,
depression
belonging
affective
disorders
psychiatric
illness,
category
major
depressive
disorder
(MDD)
comprises
various
diagnoses
related
persistent
disruptive
mood
disorders.
Due
this
fact,
imperative
find
way
assess
quantitatively
using
specific
biomarker
or
panel
biomarkers
that
would
be
able
reflect
patients'
state
effects
therapy.
Cytokines,
hormones,
oxidative
stress
markers,
neuropeptides
are
studied
in
association
with
The
latest
research
into
inflammatory
cytokines
shows
their
relationship
etiology
causative.
There
stronger
cytokine
reactions
pathogens
stressors
If
combined
other
predisposing
factors,
responses
lead
prolonged
processes,
dysregulation
axes,
stress,
pain,
changes,
anxiety,
This
review
focuses
on
most
recent
data
as
markers
concerning
roles
its
pathogenesis,
possible
use
diagnosis
management,
different
levels
bodily
fluids,
similarities
animal
studies.
However,
not
isolated
pathophysiologic
mechanisms
Their
only
part
whole
pathway.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
20(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2023
As
one
of
most
common
and
severe
mental
disorders,
major
depressive
disorder
(MDD)
significantly
increases
the
risks
premature
death
other
medical
conditions
for
patients.
Neuroinflammation
is
abnormal
immune
response
in
brain,
its
correlation
with
MDD
receiving
increasing
attention.
has
been
reported
to
be
involved
through
distinct
neurobiological
mechanisms,
among
which
dysregulation
neurogenesis
dentate
gyrus
(DG)
hippocampus
(HPC)
The
DG
two
niches
adult
mammalian
neurotrophic
factors
are
fundamental
regulators
this
process.
cell
types
mediating
neuroinflammation
include
microglia,
astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes,
meningeal
leukocytes,
peripheral
cells
selectively
penetrate
blood-brain
barrier
infiltrate
into
inflammatory
regions.
This
review
summarizes
functions
affected
by
during
progression
corresponding
influences
on
memory
patients
model
animals.
Cell stem cell,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
30(2), С. 120 - 136
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023
Adult
hippocampal
neurogenesis
(AHN)
drops
sharply
during
early
stages
of
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
via
unknown
mechanisms,
and
correlates
with
cognitive
status
in
AD
patients.
Understanding
AHN
regulation
could
provide
a
framework
for
innovative
pharmacological
interventions.
We
here
combine
molecular,
behavioral,
clinical
data
critically
discuss
the
multicellular
complexity
niche
relation
to
pathophysiology.
further
present
roadmap
toward
better
understanding
role
by
probing
promises
caveats
latest
technological
advancements
field
addressing
conceptual
methodological
challenges
ahead.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
34(27)
Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2022
Microglial
polarization
is
one
of
the
most
promising
therapeutic
strategies
for
multiple
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
disorders.
However,
safe,
effective,
and
controllable
microglial
regulation
still
faces
formidable
challenges.
Although
some
anti-inflammatory
factors
promote
microglia
polarization,
their
short
half-life,
high
cost,
unpredictable
in
vivo
behavior,
complex
delivery
operations,
hamper
clinical
application.
Here,
inspired
by
natural
microhemorrhage
cleaning
mechanism,
an
MG1
peptide
RVG29
engineered
nanoerythrocyte
(NEMR)
that
can
reprogram
are
developed
from
classical
M1
toward
alternative
M2
inducing
heme
oxygenase-1
(HO-1),
stimulating
Notch1/Hes1/Stat3
signaling,
further
inhibiting
NF-κB
p65
translocation.
Moreover,
carbon
monoxide
(CO)
bilirubin
produced
endogenous
metabolism
reinforces
effect.
In
middle
cerebral
artery
occlusion
experimental
autoimmune
encephalomyelitis
models,
a
satisfactory
prognosis
achieved,
with
precise
inflammatory
lesion
sites,
increased
expression
factors,
reduced
blood-brain
barrier
permeability,
as
well
promotion
neurogenesis
functional
recovery.
Furthermore,
NEMR
be
integrated
agents,
which
facilitates
drug
to
enhance
effects.
Hence,
nanoerythrocytes,
feasible,
efficient,
practical
tool,
provides
new
strategy
rebalancing
immune
environment
CNS
