APL Bioengineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(2)
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024
The correct interpretation of threat and reward is important for animal survival. Often, the decisions underlying these behavioral programs are mediated by volatile compounds in animal's environment, which they detect discriminate with specialized olfactory neurons along their body.
Язык: Английский
Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 623(7986), С. 406 - 414
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023
Abstract Establishing how neural function emerges from network properties is a fundamental problem in neuroscience 1 . Here, to better understand the relationship between structure and of nervous system, we systematically measure signal propagation 23,433 pairs neurons across head nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by direct optogenetic activation simultaneous whole-brain calcium imaging. We sign (excitatory or inhibitory), strength, temporal causal direction these create functional atlas. find that differs model predictions are based on anatomy. Using mutants, show extrasynaptic signalling not visible anatomy contributes this difference. identify many instances dense-core-vesicle-dependent signalling, including timescales less than second, evoke acute transients—often where no wired connection exists but relevant neuropeptides receptors expressed. propose that, such cases, extrasynaptically released serve similar classical neurotransmitters. Finally, our measured atlas predicts dynamics spontaneous activity do models conclude both synaptic drive short timescales, measurements evoked crucial for interpreting function.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
85
PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(6), С. e3002672 - e3002672
Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2024
Throughout history, humans have relied on plants as a source of medication, flavoring, and food. Plants synthesize large chemical libraries release many these compounds into the rhizosphere atmosphere where they affect animal microbe behavior. To survive, nematodes must evolved sensory capacity to distinguish plant-made small molecules (SMs) that are harmful be avoided from those beneficial should sought. This ability classify cues function their value is fundamental olfaction represents shared by animals, including humans. Here, we present an efficient platform based multiwell plates, liquid handling instrumentation, inexpensive optical scanners, bespoke software can efficiently determine valence (attraction or repulsion) single SMs in model nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans . Using this integrated hardware-wetware-software platform, screened 90 plant identified 37 attracted repelled wild-type animals but had no effect mutants defective chemosensory transduction. Genetic dissection indicates for at least 10 SMs, response emerges integration opposing signals, arguing olfactory often determined integrating signals over multiple lines information. study establishes C effective discovery engine determining chemotaxis identifying natural products detected nervous system.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
9
Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2023
Abstract G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate responses to various extracellular and intracellular cues. However, the large number of GPCR genes their substantial functional redundancy make it challenging systematically dissect functions in vivo. Here, we employ a CRISPR/Cas9-based approach, disrupting 1654 GPCR-encoding 284 strains mutating 152 neuropeptide-encoding 38 C. elegans . These two mutant libraries enable effective deorphanization chemoreceptors, characterization for neuropeptides cellular processes. Mutating set closely related GPCRs single strain permits assignment with redundancy. Our analyses identify neuropeptide that interacts three hypoxia-evoked locomotory responses, unveil collection regulators pathogen-induced immune define volatile food-related odorants. results establish our as valuable resources community expedite studies signaling multiple contexts.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
16
eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12
Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2023
In value-based decision making, options are selected according to subjective values assigned by the individual available goods and actions. Despite importance of this faculty mind, neural mechanisms value assignments, how choices directed them, remain obscure. To investigate problem, we used a classic measure utility maximization, Generalized Axiom Revealed Preference, quantify internal consistency food preferences in Caenorhabditis elegans, nematode worm with nervous system only 302 neurons. Using novel combination microfluidics electrophysiology, found that C. elegans fulfill necessary sufficient conditions for indicating nematodes behave as if they maintain, attempt maximize, an underlying representation value. Food well-fit function widely model human consumers. Moreover, many other animals, learned, process find requires intact dopamine signaling. Differential responses identified chemosensory neurons foods distinct growth potentials amplified prior consumption these foods, suggesting may be part value-assignment system. The demonstration maximization organism very small sets new lower bound on computational requirements offers prospect essentially complete explanation making at single neuron resolution organism.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
12
Science Advances, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(12)
Опубликована: Март 22, 2024
Much is known about molecular mechanisms by which animals detect pathogenic microbes, but how sense beneficial microbes remains poorly understood. The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans a microbivore that must distinguish nutritive from pathogens. We characterized neural circuit used C. to rapidly discriminate between bacteria and Distinct sensory neuron populations responded chemical cues Escherichia coli Enterococcus faecalis , these signals are decoded downstream AIB interneurons. polyamine metabolites cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine produced E. activate this elicit positive chemotaxis. Our study shows odorants can be sensed as proxies for microbe identity suggests that, hence, polyamines might have widespread roles brokering host-microbe interactions.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
5
Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025
Animals with small nervous systems have a limited number of sensory neurons that must encode information from changing environment. This problem is particularly exacerbated in nematodes populate wide variety distinct ecological niches but only few available to multiple modalities. How does diversity prevail within this neuronal constraint? To identify the genetic basis for patterning different systems, we demonstrate Pristionchus pacificus respond various salt cues manner partially distantly related nematode C. elegans . By visualizing activity patterns, show contrary previous expectations based on its genome sequence, responses P. are encoded left/right asymmetric bilateral ASE neuron pair. Our study illustrates patterns evolutionary stability and change gustatory system nematodes.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025
Animals with small nervous systems have a limited number of sensory neurons that must encode information from changing environment. This problem is particularly exacerbated in nematodes populate wide variety distinct ecological niches but only few available to multiple modalities. How does diversity prevail within this neuronal constraint? To identify the genetic basis for patterning different systems, we demonstrate Pristionchus pacificus respond various salt cues manner partially distantly related nematode C. elegans . By visualizing activity patterns, show contrary previous expectations based on its genome sequence, responses P. are encoded left/right asymmetric bilateral ASE neuron pair. Our study illustrates patterns evolutionary stability and change gustatory system nematodes.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
eLife, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025
Cell identification is an important yet difficult process in data analysis of biological images. Previously, we developed automated cell method called CRF_ID and demonstrated its high performance Caenorhabditis elegans whole-brain images (Chaudhary et al., 2021). However, because the was optimized for imaging, comparable could not be guaranteed application commonly used C. multi-cell that display a subpopulation cells. Here, present advancement, 2.0, expands generalizability to imaging beyond imaging. To illustrate advance, show characterization 2.0 cell-specific gene expression . This work demonstrates high-accuracy annotation can expedite reduce subjectivity potentially other various origins.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Agronomy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(3), С. 590 - 590
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs: Meloidogyne sp.) are among the most devastating plant pathogens. Their chemotaxis-driven host-seeking activity is critical for RKNs’ infection success. Using attractants derived from bacterial volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) to interrupt promising management of RKNs. However, little known about how BVOCs contribute attractiveness Here, we provide a first evaluation attractive potential taxonomically diverse bacteria different environments and assemble previously unidentified repertoire bi-attractive M. incognita Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that attraction strength preferred was positively correlated with abundance amounts ketones in BVOC profiles. This suggested key BVOC-mediated attraction. In our behavioral experiments using ketone compounds, evidence arises specifically odor cues, phenomenon not reported previously. study demonstrates time specific blend naturally occurring within profiles serves as odorant regulating their enhanced toward nematodes. used genetic methods show AWCON neurons important worms sense drive these bacteria. Our may serve platform better understanding chemical neuronal basis ketone-mediated bacteria–nematode interactions development new management.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Опубликована: Март 28, 2025
Olfactory-driven behaviors are essential for animal survival, but mechanisms decoding olfactory inputs remain poorly understood. We have used whole-network Ca ++ imaging to study coding in Caenorhabditis elegans. show that the odorant 1-octanol is encoded combinatorially periphery as both an attractant and a repellant. These integrated centrally, their relative strengths determine sensitivity valence of behavioral response through modulation locomotory reversals speed. The balance these pathways also dictates activity command interneurons, which control reversals. This serves regulatory node modulation, allowing C. elegans weigh opportunities hazards its environment when formulating responses. Thus, can be simultaneously opposite valence, focusing attention on integration determining perception, response, plasticity.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0