bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 14, 2024
Abstract
The
intricate
wing
patterns
of
butterflies
are
thought
to
derive
from
a
morphological
ground
plan
that
anchors
homology
relationships
between
individual
color
pattern
elements
and
serves
as
an
archetype
for
comparative
analysis.
These
undergo
modifications
drive
the
diverse
morphologies
observed
in
nature.
While
brush-footed
(Nymphalidae)
have
been
well
studied,
assigning
homologies
with
other
lepidopteran
families
remains
challenging
due
substantial
divergence.
Here,
we
focus
on
swallowtails
(Papilionidae),
early-diverging
butterfly
lineage
known
its
outstanding
diversity
shapes
but
lacking
developmental
framework.
Through
qualitative
phylogenetic
analyses,
CRISPR
perturbation
assays,
situ
expression
experiments,
investigate
papilionid
butterflies,
offering
molecular
characterization
Papilionidae
plan.
Our
results
highlight
roles
WntA
Wnt6
patterning
signature
elements,
such
glauca
Submarginal
spots.
Notably,
nymphalids’
distinct
Central
Symmetry
System
is
either
reduced
or
absent
family,
marginal
systems
expanding
proximally.
data
illuminate
highly
adaptable
system
driven
by
Wnt
signaling
pathways
developing
wings.
Current Opinion in Insect Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 101332 - 101332
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Insects
are
the
only
arthropod
group
to
achieve
powered
flight,
which
facilitated
their
explosive
radiation
on
land.
It
remains
a
significant
challenge
understand
evolutionary
transition
from
non-flying
(apterygote)
flying
(pterygote)
insects
due
large
gap
in
fossil
record.
Under
such
situation,
ontogenic
information
has
historically
been
used
compensate
evidence.
Recent
evo-devo
studies
support
and
refine
paleontology-based
classical
hypothesis
that
an
ancestral
exite
incorporated
into
body
wall
contributed
origin
of
insect
wings.
The
modern
locates
precoxa
leg
segment
with
within
hexapod
lateral
tergum,
reframing
long-standing
debate
wing
origin.
A
current
focus
is
contributions
homolog
surrounding
tissues,
as
pleuron
medial
bona
fide
evolution.
In
parallel,
recent
analyses
Paleozoic
fossils
have
confirmed
thoracic
abdominal
outgrowths
transitional
precursors,
suggest
possible
role
respiratory
organs
aquatic
or
semiaquatic
environments.
These
revised
our
understanding
insects.
This
review
highlights
progress
both
paleontology,
discusses
future
challenges,
including
evolution
metamorphic
development.
The
success
of
butterflies
and
moths
is
tightly
linked
to
the
origin
scales
within
group.
A
long-standing
hypothesis
postulates
that
are
homologous
well-described
mechanosensory
bristles
found
in
fruit
fly
Drosophila
melanogaster,
as
both
derive
from
an
epithelial
precursor.
Previous
histological
candidate
gene
approaches
identified
parallels
genes
involved
scale
bristle
development.
Here,
we
provide
developmental
transcriptomic
evidence
differentiation
lepidopteran
derives
sensory
organ
precursor
(SOP).
Live
imaging
pupae
shows
SOP
cells
undergo
two
asymmetric
divisions
first
abrogate
neurogenic
lineage,
then
lead
a
differentiated
its
associated
socket
cell.
Single-nucleus
RNA
sequencing
using
early
pupal
wings
revealed
differential
expression
patterns
mirror
development,
suggesting
shared
program.
Additionally,
recovered
newly
gene,
transcription
factor
pdm3,
proper
butterfly
wing
scales.
Altogether,
these
data
open
up
avenues
for
understanding
type
specification
illustrate
how
single-cell
transcriptomics
powerful
platform
evolution
cell
types.
ABSTRACT
Butterfly
color
patterns
provide
visible
and
biodiverse
phenotypic
readouts
of
the
patterning
processes.
Although
secreted
ligand
WntA
has
been
shown
to
instruct
pattern
formation
in
butterflies,
its
mode
reception
remains
elusive.
genomes
encode
four
homologs
Frizzled-family
Wnt
receptors.
Here,
we
show
that
CRISPR
mosaic
knockouts
frizzled2
(fz2)
phenocopy
effects
loss
function
multiple
nymphalids.
Whereas
clones
result
intermediate
reduced
size,
fz2
are
cell-autonomous,
consistent
with
a
morphogen
function.
Shifts
expression
crispant
pupae
they
under
positive
negative
feedback,
respectively.
Fz1
is
required
for
Wnt-independent
planar
cell
polarity
wing
epithelium.
Fz3
Fz4
phenotypes
competitive-antagonist
functions
vein
(Fz3
Fz4),
margin
specification
(Fz3),
Discalis
Marginal
Band
Systems
(Fz4).
Overall,
these
data
WntA/Frizzled2
morphogen-receptor
pair
forms
signaling
axis
instructs
butterfly
shed
light
on
functional
diversity
insect
Frizzled
Insects,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(7), С. 535 - 535
Опубликована: Июль 16, 2024
Eyespot
foci
on
butterfly
wings
function
as
organizers
of
eyespot
color
patterns
during
development.
Despite
their
importance,
focal
structures
have
not
been
examined
in
detail.
Here,
we
microscopically
scales,
sockets,
and
the
wing
membrane
both
expanded
unexpanded
using
Blue
Pansy
Cells,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(17), С. 1476 - 1476
Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2024
One
of
the
important
genes
for
eyespot
development
in
butterfly
wings
is
Distal-less.
Its
function
has
been
evaluated
via
several
methods,
including
CRISPR/Cas9
genome
editing.
However,
functional
inhibition
may
be
performed
at
right
time
place
using
a
different
method.
Here,
we
used
novel
protein
delivery
method
pupal
wing
tissues
vivo
to
inactivate
target
protein,
Distal-less,
with
polyclonal
anti-Distal-less
antibody
blue
pansy
Junonia
orithya.
We
first
demonstrated
that
various
antibodies
were
delivered
epithelial
cells
this
species.
Treatment
reduced
size,
confirming
positive
role
Distal-less
development.
The
treatment
eliminated
or
deformed
parafocal
element,
suggesting
element.
This
result
also
suggested
integrity
an
and
its
corresponding
element
as
border
symmetry
system.
Taken
together,
these
findings
demonstrate
antibody-mediated
knockdown
useful
tool
assays
proteins,
such
expressed
tissues,
functions
eyespots
elements
color
pattern
Abstract
Wings
are
important
organs
of
insects
involved
in
flight,
mating,
and
other
behaviors,
therefore
prime
targets
for
pest
control.
The
formation
insect
wings
is
a
complex
process
that
regulated
by
multiple
pathways.
Hedgehog
(Hh)
pathway
regulates
the
distribution
wing
veins,
while
Hippo
modulates
size.
Any
interventions
can
manipulate
these
pathways
have
potential
to
disrupt
development
could
be
used
In
this
study,
we
find
overexpression
miR‐7
Drosophila
results
smaller
with
disordered
veins.
Mechanistically,
directly
both
ci
yki
via
different
mature
miRNAs
(miR‐7‐5p
miR‐7‐3p),
thereby
disrupting
Hh
Importantly,
regulatory
mechanism
also
observed
another
species,
Helicoverpa
armigera
.
Finally,
utilizing
nanocarrier
delivery
system,
show
introducing
star
polycation
(SPc)
leads
defects
H.
conclusion,
findings
uncover
inhibits
targeting
pathways,
indicating
its
use
control
strategies.
Insects,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(2), С. 124 - 124
Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025
Insects
can
repair
wounds
and
regenerate
body
parts
in
response
to
physical
damage.
Wound
healing
butterfly
pupal
wing
tissues
is
developmentally
interesting
because
ectopic
color
patterns
develop
during
healing,
suggesting
that
normal
damage-induced
may
use
similar
mechanisms.
Here
we
physiologically
investigated
wound
pattern
formation
using
the
blue
pansy
Junonia
orithya.
In
puncture
damage,
various
are
formed
around
damage
site.
After
wounding
operation,
observed
hemocytes
migrating
over
long
distances
along
veins
(lacunae)
toward
site,
where
epidermal
cells
cellular
clusters.
Calcium
oscillations
were
at
near
transiently
affected
by
ruthenium
red,
an
inhibitor
of
calcium
transporters
channels,
red
caused
abnormalities
scales
adult
wings.
These
results
suggest
cell
migration,
cluster
formation,
play
important
roles
scale
development
Ectopic
local
as
a
consequence
evolutionary
co-option
process
for
development.
Annual Review of Entomology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
70(1), С. 421 - 439
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025
Novel
traits
in
the
order
Lepidoptera
include
prolegs
abdomen
of
larvae,
scales,
and
eyespot
band
color
patterns
wings
adults.
We
review
recent
work
that
investigates
developmental
origin
diversification
these
four
from
a
gene-regulatory
network
(GRN)
perspective.
While
eyespots
appear
to
derive
distinct
ancestral
GRNs
co-opted
novel
body
regions,
scales
situ
modifications
sensory
bristle
GRN.
The
basal
central
symmetry
systems
bands
on
wing
is
associated
with
expression
WntA
gene
those
whereas
more
marginal
depend
two
other
genes,
Distal-less
spalt
.
Finally,
several
genes
have
been
discovered
play
important
roles
regulating
background
color,
via
regulation
pigmentation
GRNs.
identification
shared
cis-
regulatory
elements
belonging
helps
trace
evolutionary
history
traits.
Future
should
examine
extent
which
are
co-opted/modified
produce
how
map
specific
cell
types
derived
