Chemical Communications,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Extracellular
vesicles
have
been
deemed
as
potential
drug
carriers
for
treatment
of
various
diseases.
Recent
advances
summarized,
including
the
sources,
delivery
function,
extraction
and
cargo-loading
technology
extracellular
vesicles.
Abstract
In
recent
decades,
research
on
Extracellular
Vesicles
(EVs)
has
gained
prominence
in
the
life
sciences
due
to
their
critical
roles
both
health
and
disease
states,
offering
promising
applications
diagnosis,
drug
delivery,
therapy.
However,
inherent
heterogeneity
complex
origins
pose
significant
challenges
preparation,
analysis,
subsequent
clinical
application.
This
review
is
structured
provide
an
overview
of
biogenesis,
composition,
various
sources
EVs,
thereby
laying
groundwork
for
a
detailed
discussion
contemporary
techniques
preparation
analysis.
Particular
focus
given
state‐of‐the‐art
technologies
that
employ
microfluidic
non‐microfluidic
platforms
EV
processing.
Furthermore,
this
discourse
extends
into
innovative
approaches
incorporate
artificial
intelligence
cutting‐edge
electrochemical
sensors,
with
particular
emphasis
single
proposes
current
outlines
prospective
avenues
future
research.
The
objective
motivate
researchers
innovate
expand
methods
analysis
fully
unlocking
biomedical
potential.
Abstract
Liquid
biopsy
has
emerged
as
a
promising
non-invasive
strategy
for
cancer
diagnosis,
enabling
the
detection
of
various
circulating
biomarkers,
including
tumor
cells
(CTCs),
nucleic
acids
(ctNAs),
tumor-derived
small
extracellular
vesicles
(sEVs),
and
proteins.
Surface-enhanced
Raman
scattering
(SERS)
biosensors
have
revolutionized
liquid
by
offering
sensitive
specific
methodologies
these
biomarkers.
This
review
comprehensively
examines
application
SERS-based
identification
analysis
biomarkers
CTCs,
ctNAs,
sEVs
proteins
in
diagnosis.
The
discussion
encompasses
diverse
range
SERS
biosensor
platforms,
label-free
assay,
magnetic
bead-based
microfluidic
device-based
system,
paper-based
each
demonstrating
unique
capabilities
enhancing
sensitivity
specificity
critically
assesses
strengths,
limitations,
future
directions
This
review
highlights
recent
technological
advances
for
progress
in
particle
manipulation
under
X-force
fields,
and
forecasts
the
trajectory
of
future
developments.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2024
Liquid
biopsy
is
a
minimally
invasive
method
that
uses
biofluid
samples
instead
of
tissue
for
cancer
diagnosis.
Exosomes
are
small
extracellular
vesicles
secreted
by
donor
cells
and
act
as
mediators
intercellular
communication
in
human
health
disease.
Due
to
their
important
roles,
exosomes
have
been
considered
promising
biomarkers
liquid
biopsy.
However,
traditional
methods
exosome
isolation
cargo
detection
time-consuming
inefficient,
limiting
practical
application.
In
the
past
decades,
many
new
strategies,
such
microfluidic
chips,
nanowire
arrays
electrochemical
biosensors,
proposed
achieve
rapid,
accurate
high-throughput
analysis
exosomes.
this
review,
we
discussed
about
advance
exosome-based
technology,
including
isolation,
enrichment,
approaches.
The
comparison
currently
available
also
included.
Finally,
summarized
advantages
limitations
present
strategies
further
gave
perspective
future
translational
use.
Analytical Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025
Mass
spectrometry-based
proteomics
is
about
35
years
old,
and
recent
progress
appears
to
be
speeding
up
across
all
subfields.
In
this
review,
we
focus
on
advances
over
the
last
two
in
select
areas
within
bottom-up
proteomics,
including
approaches
high-throughput
experiments,
data
analysis
using
machine
learning,
drug
discovery,
glycoproteomics,
extracellular
vesicle
structural
proteomics.
Neutrophil-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(NEVs)
are
critically
involved
in
disease
progression
and
considered
potential
biomarkers.
However,
the
tedious
processes
of
NEV
separation
detection
restrain
their
use.
Herein,
we
presented
an
integrated
microfluidic
chip
for
(IMCN)
analysis,
which
achieved
immune-separation
CD66b+
NEVs
multiplexed
contained
miRNAs
(termed
signatures)
by
using
10
μL
serum
samples.
The
optimized
microchannel
flow
rate
IMCN
enabled
efficient
capture
(>90%).
After
recognition
captured
a
specific
CD63
aptamer,
on-chip
rolling
circle
amplification
(RCA)
reaction
was
triggered
released
aptamers
from
heat-lysed
NEVs.
Then,
RCA
products
bound
to
molecular
beacons
(MBs),
initiating
allosteric
hairpin
structures
amplified
"turn
on"
fluorescence
signals
(RCA-MB
assay).
Clinical
sample
analysis
showed
that
signatures
had
high
area
under
curve
(AUC)
distinguishing
between
healthy
control
(HC)
gastric
cancer
(GC)
(0.891),
benign
diseases
(BGD)
GC
(0.857).
Notably,
AUC
reached
0.912
with
combination
five
biomarkers
(NEV
signatures,
CEA,
CA199)
differentiate
HC,
diagnostic
accuracy
further
increased
machine
learning
(ML)-based
ensemble
classification
system.
Therefore,
developed
is
valuable
platform
may
have
use
diagnosis.
Exosomes
secreted
by
cells
hold
substantial
potential
for
disease
diagnosis
and
treatment.
However,
the
rapid
isolation
of
high-purity
exosomes
their
subpopulations
from
biofluids
(e.g.,
undiluted
whole
blood)
remains
challenging.
This
study
presents
oscillating
microbubble
array–based
metamaterials
(OMAMs)
enabling
without
labeling
or
preprocessing.
Particularly,
leveraging
acoustically
excited
oscillation,
OMAMs
can
generate
numerous
acoustofluidic
traps
filtering
in-fluid
micro/nanoparticles,
thus
allowing
removing
bioparticles
larger
than
to
obtain
(93%)
blood
in
~3
minutes.
Moreover,
exosome
different
size
ranges
be
isolated
tuning
oscillation
amplitude.
Additionally,
as
each
functions
an
ultradeep
subwavelength
(~λ/186)
acoustic
amplifier
a
nonlinear
source,
high-resolution
complex
energy
patterns
tune
activating
different-sized
microbubbles
at
distinct
resonance
frequencies.