Global effects of land use on local terrestrial biodiversity

Nature, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 520(7545), С. 45 - 50

Опубликована: Март 31, 2015

Язык: Английский

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No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2017

Abstract Although research on human-mediated exchanges of species has substantially intensified during the last centuries, we know surprisingly little about temporal dynamics alien accumulations across regions and taxa. Using a novel database 45,813 first records 16,926 established species, show that annual rate worldwide increased 200 years, with 37% all reported most recently (1970–2014). Inter-continental inter-taxonomic variation can be largely attributed to diaspora European settlers in nineteenth century acceleration trade twentieth century. For taxonomic groups, increase numbers does not any sign saturation taxa even increases over time. This highlights past efforts mitigate invasions have been effective enough keep up increasing globalization.

Язык: Английский

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Scientists' warning on invasive alien species

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 95(6), С. 1511 - 1534

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2020

ABSTRACT Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers invasive alien species – subset that spread widely areas where they not native, affecting environment or livelihoods increasing. Synergies with other changes exacerbating current facilitating new ones, thereby escalating extent impacts invaders. Invasions have complex often immense long‐term direct indirect impacts. In many cases, such become apparent problematic only when invaders well established large ranges. Invasive break down biogeographic realms, affect native richness abundance, increase risk extinction, genetic composition populations, change animal behaviour, alter phylogenetic diversity across communities, modify trophic networks. Many also ecosystem functioning delivery services by altering nutrient contaminant cycling, hydrology, habitat structure, disturbance regimes. These biodiversity accelerating will further future. Scientific evidence has identified policy strategies to reduce future invasions, but these insufficiently implemented. For some nations, notably Australia New Zealand, biosecurity national priority. There been successes, as eradication rats cats on islands biological control weeds continental areas. However, countries, receive little attention. Improved international cooperation is crucial biodiversity, services, livelihoods. Countries can strengthen their regulations implement enforce more effective management should address interact invasions.

Язык: Английский

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Global threats from invasive alien species in the twenty-first century and national response capacities

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2016

Abstract Invasive alien species (IAS) threaten human livelihoods and biodiversity globally. Increasing globalization facilitates IAS arrival, environmental changes, including climate change, facilitate establishment. Here we provide the first global, spatial analysis of terrestrial threat from in light twenty-first century evaluate national capacities to prevent manage invasions. We find that one-sixth global land surface is highly vulnerable invasion, substantial areas developing economies hotspots. The dominant invasion vectors differ between high-income countries (imports, particularly plants pets) low-income (air travel). Uniting data on causes introduction establishment can improve early-warning eradication schemes. Most have limited capacity act against In particular, reveal a clear need for proactive strategies with high poverty levels, low historical levels invasion.

Язык: Английский

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Has land use pushed terrestrial biodiversity beyond the planetary boundary? A global assessment

Science, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 353(6296), С. 288 - 291

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2016

Land use and related pressures have reduced local terrestrial biodiversity, but it is unclear how the magnitude of change relates to recently proposed planetary boundary ("safe limit"). We estimate that land already biodiversity intactness--the average proportion natural remaining in ecosystems--beyond its across 58.1% world's surface, where 71.4% human population live. Biodiversity intactness within most biomes (especially grassland biomes), hotspots, even some wilderness areas inferred be beyond boundary. Such widespread transgression safe limits suggests loss, if unchecked, will undermine efforts toward long-term sustainable development.

Язык: Английский

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Biodiversity losses and conservation responses in the Anthropocene

Science, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 356(6335), С. 270 - 275

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2017

Biodiversity is essential to human well-being, but people have been reducing biodiversity throughout history. Loss of species and degradation ecosystems are likely further accelerate in the coming years. Our understanding this crisis now clear, world leaders pledged avert it. Nonetheless, global goals reduce rate loss mostly not achieved. However, many examples conservation success show that losses can be halted even reversed. Building on these lessons turn tide will require bold innovative action transform historical relationships between populations nature.

Язык: Английский

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Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy

Nature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 585(7826), С. 551 - 556

Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Local biodiversity is higher inside than outside terrestrial protected areas worldwide

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2016

Abstract Protected areas are widely considered essential for biodiversity conservation. However, few global studies have demonstrated that protection benefits a broad range of species. Here, using new database with unprecedented geographic and taxonomic coverage, we compare four measures at sites sampled in multiple land uses inside outside protected areas. Globally, species richness is 10.6% higher abundance 14.5% samples taken compared outside, but neither rarefaction-based nor endemicity differ significantly. Importantly, show the positive effects mostly attributable to differences use between unprotected sites. Nonetheless, even within some human-dominated uses, Our results reinforce importance suggest does not consistently benefit small ranges or increase variety ecological niches.

Язык: Английский

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The interaction of human population, food production, and biodiversity protection

Science, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 356(6335), С. 260 - 264

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2017

Research suggests that the scale of human population and current pace its growth contribute substantially to loss biological diversity. Although technological change unequal consumption inextricably mingle with demographic impacts on environment, needs all beings-especially for food-imply projected will undermine protection natural world. Numerous solutions have been proposed boost food production while protecting biodiversity, but alone these proposals are unlikely staunch biodiversity loss. An important approach sustaining well-being is through actions can slow eventually reverse growth: investing in universal access reproductive health services contraceptive technologies, advancing women's education, achieving gender equality.

Язык: Английский

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Biodiversity change is uncoupled from species richness trends: Consequences for conservation and monitoring

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 55(1), С. 169 - 184

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2017

Abstract Global concern about human impact on biological diversity has triggered an intense research agenda drivers and consequences of biodiversity change in parallel with international policy seeking to conserve associated ecosystem functions. Quantifying the trends is far from trivial, however, as recently documented by meta‐analyses, which report little if any net local species richness through time. Here, we summarise several limitations a metric show that expectation directional under changing conditions invalid. Instead, illustrate how set turnover indices provide more information content regarding temporal biodiversity, they reflect dominance identity shift communities over We apply these metrics three monitoring datasets representing different types. In all datasets, nearly complete occurred, but this was disconnected trends. strongly influenced changes presence (identities) (abundances). further can detect phases strong compositional shifts data thus identify aspect decoupled richness. Synthesis applications : Temporal are insufficient capture key environments. fact, reductions environmental quality lead transient increases immigration or extinction dynamics. Thus, programmes need go beyond analyses favour meaningful assessments change.

Язык: Английский

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