Scientists' warning on invasive alien species

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 95(6), С. 1511 - 1534

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2020

ABSTRACT Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers invasive alien species – subset that spread widely areas where they not native, affecting environment or livelihoods increasing. Synergies with other changes exacerbating current facilitating new ones, thereby escalating extent impacts invaders. Invasions have complex often immense long‐term direct indirect impacts. In many cases, such become apparent problematic only when invaders well established large ranges. Invasive break down biogeographic realms, affect native richness abundance, increase risk extinction, genetic composition populations, change animal behaviour, alter phylogenetic diversity across communities, modify trophic networks. Many also ecosystem functioning delivery services by altering nutrient contaminant cycling, hydrology, habitat structure, disturbance regimes. These biodiversity accelerating will further future. Scientific evidence has identified policy strategies to reduce future invasions, but these insufficiently implemented. For some nations, notably Australia New Zealand, biosecurity national priority. There been successes, as eradication rats cats on islands biological control weeds continental areas. However, countries, receive little attention. Improved international cooperation is crucial biodiversity, services, livelihoods. Countries can strengthen their regulations implement enforce more effective management should address interact invasions.

Язык: Английский

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High and rising economic costs of biological invasions worldwide

Nature, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 592(7855), С. 571 - 576

Опубликована: Март 31, 2021

Язык: Английский

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A Global Deal For Nature: Guiding principles, milestones, and targets

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 5(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2019

The Global Deal for Nature sets an ambitious agenda to protect our biosphere through ecosystem conservation and land restoration.

Язык: Английский

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Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 115(10)

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2018

Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge prior invasion history. Emerging species-those never encountered as aliens before-therefore pose a significant challenge biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and drivers spread pivotal improving prevention risk assessment tools. Here, we use database 45,984 first records 16,019 established investigate dynamics occurrences emerging Even after many centuries invasions rate emergence new still high: One-quarter during 2000-2005 were that had not been previously recorded anywhere alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show high proportion cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known such amount imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these reflect incorporation regions into pool potential species, likely consequence expanding trade networks environmental change. This process compensates for depletion through successive invasions. We estimate 1-16% all on Earth, depending taxonomic group, qualify species. These suggest there remains have yet encounter, impacts are difficult predict.

Язык: Английский

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Projecting the continental accumulation of alien species through to 2050

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 27(5), С. 970 - 982

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2020

Abstract Biological invasions have steadily increased over recent centuries. However, we still lack a clear expectation about future trends in alien species numbers. In particular, do not know whether will continue to accumulate regional floras and faunas, or the pace of accumulation decrease due depletion native source pools. Here, apply new model simulate numbers based on estimated sizes pools dynamics historical invasions, assuming continuation processes as observed past (a business‐as‐usual scenario). We first validated performance different versions by conducting back‐casting approach, therefore fitting until 1950 validating predictions from 2005. second step, selected best performing that provided most robust project trajectories 2050. Altogether, this resulted 3,790 stochastic simulation runs for 38 taxon–continent combinations. provide quantitative projections seven major taxonomic groups eight continents, accounting variation sampling intensity uncertainty projections. Overall, established per continent were predicted increase 2005 2050 36%. Particularly, strong increases projected Europe absolute (+2,543 ± 237 species) relative terms, followed Temperate Asia (+1,597 197), Northern America (1,484 74) Southern (1,391 258). Among individual groups, especially invertebrates globally. Declining (but positive) rates only Australasia. Our baseline assessment developments biological which help inform policies contain spread species.

Язык: Английский

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Naturalized alien flora of the world

Preslia, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 89(3), С. 203 - 274

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2017

Using the recently built Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database, containing data on distribution of naturalized alien plants in 483 mainland and 361 island regions world, we describe patterns diversity geographic invasive plant species, taxonomic, phylogenetic life-history structure global flora as well levels naturalization their determinants. The with highest numbers aliens are some Australian states (with New South Wales being richest this continent) several North American (of which California 1753 species represents world’s region terms vascular plants). England, Japan, Zealand Hawaiian archipelago harbour most among islands or groups. These also form main hotspots regional naturalization, measured percentage total region. Such relative richness appear both western eastern coasts America, north-western Europe, Africa, south-eastern Australia, Zealand, India. High invasions by concentrated Pacific, but occur individual across all oceans. closely correlated those native a stronger correlation steeper increase for than regions, indicating greater vulnerability to invasion that become successfully naturalized. India, California, Cuba, Florida, Queensland Japan have species. Regions temperate tropical zonobiomes 9036 6774 respectively, followed 3280 Mediterranean zonobiome, 3057 subtropical zonobiome 321 Arctic. World is richer plants, 9905 compared 7923 recorded Old World. While isolation key factor driving level islands, differing climatic regimes, socioeconomy represented per capita GDP, central regions. 11 widely distributed each covering about one third globe more number where they at least 35% Earth’s land surface regions’ areas, Sonchus oleraceus occuring 48% cover 42% world area. Other Ricinus communis, Oxalis corniculata, Portulaca oleracea, Eleusine indica, Chenopodium album, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Stellaria media, Bidens pilosa, Datura stramonium Echinochloa crus-galli. occurrence rather only yields different ranking, Lantana camara (120 out 349 status known), Calotropis procera (118), Eichhornia crassipes (113), (108) Leucaena leucocephala (103) top. As spectra, woody (34.4%) thanmainland (29.5%), fewer annual herbs (18.7% 22.3%). Ranking families absolute reveals Compositae (1343 species), Poaceae (1267) Leguminosae (1189) contribute flora. Some disproportionally (Arecaceae, Araceae, Acanthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Convolvulaceae, Rubiaceae, Malvaceae), much so (e.g. Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Boraginaceae). Relating family its shows large species-rich over-represented Poaceae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Amaranthaceae, Pinaceae), under-represented Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae), whereas Compositae, reaches value expected from richness. Significant signal indicates an increased potential naturalize not randomly evolutionary tree. Solanum (112 Euphorbia Carex (106) genera species; Cotoneaster, Juncus, Eucalyptus, Salix, Hypericum, Geranium Persicaria, while relatively Atriplex, Opuntia, Oenothera, Artemisia, Vicia, Galium Rosa. presented paper point information lacking set priorities future collection. GloNAF database has designing concerted action fill such gaps, provide basis allocating resources efficiently towards better understanding management worldwide.

Язык: Английский

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Human impacts on global freshwater fish biodiversity

Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 371(6531), С. 835 - 838

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2021

No waters left untouched We are increasingly aware of human impacts on biodiversity across our planet, especially in terrestrial and marine systems. know less about fresh waters, including large rivers. Su et al. looked such systems globally, focusing several key measures fish biodiversity. They found that half all river have been heavily affected by activities, with only very tropical basins receiving the lowest levels change. Fragmentation non-native species also led to homogenization rivers, many now containing similar fewer specialized lineages. Science , this issue p. 835

Язык: Английский

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The changing role of ornamental horticulture in alien plant invasions

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 93(3), С. 1421 - 1437

Опубликована: Март 5, 2018

The number of alien plants escaping from cultivation into native ecosystems is increasing steadily. We provide an overview the historical, contemporary and potential future roles ornamental horticulture in plant invasions. show that currently at least 75% 93% global naturalised flora grown domestic botanical gardens, respectively. Species gardens also have a larger range than those are not. After Middle Ages, particularly 18th 19th centuries, trade network emerged. Since then, cultivated species started to appear wild more frequently non-cultivated aliens globally, during century. Horticulture still plays prominent role current introduction, monetary value live-plant imports different parts world steadily increasing. Historically, - important component played major displaying, cultivating distributing new discoveries. While horticultural supply chain has declined, they significant link, with one-third institutions involved retail-plant sales research. However, become dependent on commercial nurseries as sources, North America. Plants selected for purposes not random selection flora, some characteristics promoted through horticulture, such fast growth, promote invasion. Efforts breed non-invasive cultivars rare. Socio-economical, technological, environmental changes will lead novel patterns introductions invasion opportunities already cultivated. describe could play mediating these changes. identify research challenges, call efforts past This required develop science-based regulatory frameworks prevent further

Язык: Английский

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Alien versus native species as drivers of recent extinctions

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 17(4), С. 203 - 207

Опубликована: Март 4, 2019

Native plants and animals can rapidly become superabundant dominate ecosystems, leading to claims that native species are no less likely than alien cause environmental damage, including biodiversity loss. We compared how frequently have been implicated as drivers of recent extinctions in a comprehensive global database, the 2017 International Union for Conservation Nature ( IUCN ) Red List Threatened Species. Alien were considered be contributing 25% plant 33% animal extinctions, whereas 5% 3% respectively. When listed putative driver more often associated with other extinction species. Our results offer additional evidence biogeographic origin, hence evolutionary history, determining factors its potential disruptive impacts.

Язык: Английский

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Methods for Management of Soilborne Diseases in Crop Production

Agriculture, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(1), С. 16 - 16

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2020

The significant problems caused by soilborne pathogens in crop production worldwide include reduced performance, decreased yield, and higher costs. In many parts of the world, methyl bromide was extensively used to control these before implementation Montreal Protocol—a global agreement protect ozone layer. threats disease epidemics production, high cost chemical fungicides development fungicide resistance, climate change, new outbreaks increasing concerns regarding environmental as well soil health are becoming increasingly evident. These necessitate use integrated management strategies for production. This article summarizes methods diseases which includes sanitation, legal methods, resistant cultivars/varieties grafting, cropping system, solarization, biofumigants, amendments, anaerobic disinfestation, steam sterilization, fertility plant nutrients, soilless culture, biological a system-based approach. Different with their strengths weaknesses, mode action interactions discussed, concluding brief outline future directions might lead integration described approach more effective diseases.

Язык: Английский

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