The four epidemiological stages in the global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(1), С. 56 - 66

Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2020

Язык: Английский

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50th Anniversary Perspective: There Is a Great Future in Sustainable Polymers

Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 50(10), С. 3733 - 3749

Опубликована: Май 1, 2017

It is likely that a half-century ago even enthusiastic and optimistic proponents of the synthetic polymer industry (Mr. McGuire included) could not have predicted massive scale on which polymers would be manufactured used today. Ultimately, future success this will rely development sustainable polymers—materials derived from renewable feedstocks are safe in both production use can recycled or disposed ways environmentally innocuous. Meeting these criteria an economical manner cannot achieved without transformative basic research hallmark journal. In Perspective we highlight five topics—the synthesis monomers degradable polymers, chemical recycling strategies, new classes reprocessable thermosets, design advanced catalysts—that believe play vital role polymers. We also offer our outlook several outstanding challenges facing community broad area

Язык: Английский

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The geological cycle of plastics and their use as a stratigraphic indicator of the Anthropocene

Anthropocene, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 13, С. 4 - 17

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Hydraulic City

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2017

Ac know ledg mentsThis research on Mumbai's water took me home to a world I did not know.Like many in Mumbai, had for long time lived the city without needing be conscious of tremendous work its social and material infrastructures.Through fieldwork, learned extraordinary quotidian labor employees city's hydraulic engineering department those that live auto-constructed settlements, just make appear every day taps.And so it is with this more mundane book.Its appearance as discrete thing conceals generosity has been invested by others, world.As residents, friends, experts love, would like thank

Язык: Английский

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Human–Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 41(1), С. 143 - 171

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2016

Human interactions with wildlife are a defining experience of human existence. These can be positive or negative. People compete for food and resources, have eradicated dangerous species; co-opted domesticated valuable applied wide range social, behavioral, technical approaches to reduce negative wildlife. This conflict has led the extinction reduction numerous species uncountable deaths economic losses. Recent advances in our understanding growing number conservation coexistence outcomes. I summarize synthesize factors that contribute conflict, mitigate encourage coexistence, emerging trends debates. Fertile areas scholarship include scale complexity, models scenarios, generalizable patterns, expanding boundaries what is considered using new tools technologies, information sharing collaboration, implications global change. The time may ripe identify field, anthrotherology, brings together scholars practitioners from different disciplinary perspectives address human–wildlife coexistence.

Язык: Английский

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Plastic as a Persistent Marine Pollutant

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 42(1), С. 1 - 26

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2017

Synthetic organic polymers—or plastics—did not enter widespread use until the 1950s. By 2015, global production had increased to 322 million metric tons (Mt) year −1 , which approaches total weight of human population produced in plastic every year. Approximately half is used for packaging and other disposables, 40% waste accounted managed landfills or recycling facilities, 4.8–12.7 Mt ocean as macroscopic litter microplastic particles. Here, we argue that such mismanaged similar persistent pollutants, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), once threatened a “silent spring” on land. Such scenario seems now possible ocean, where cannot be easily removed, accumulates organisms sediments, persists much longer than New evidence indicates complex toxicology micro- nanoparticles marine life, transfer up food chain, including people. We detail solutions current crisis accumulating pollution, suggesting Global Convention Plastic Pollution incentivizes collaboration between governments, producers, scientists, citizens.

Язык: Английский

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People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(17)

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2021

Significance The current biodiversity crisis is often depicted as a struggle to preserve untouched habitats. Here, we combine global maps of human populations and land use over the past 12,000 y with data show that nearly three quarters terrestrial nature has long been shaped by diverse histories habitation Indigenous traditional peoples. With rare exceptions, losses are caused not conversion or degradation ecosystems, but rather appropriation, colonization, intensification in lands inhabited used prior societies. Global history confirms empowering environmental stewardship peoples local communities will be critical conserving across planet.

Язык: Английский

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Global human-made mass exceeds all living biomass

Nature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 588(7838), С. 442 - 444

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The One Health Concept: 10 Years Old and a Long Road Ahead

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 5

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2018

Over the past decade, a significant increase in circulation of infectious agents was observed. With spread and emergence epizootics, zoonoses epidemics, risks pandemics became more critical. Human animal health has also been threatened by antimicrobial resistance, environmental pollution development multifactorial chronic diseases. This highlighted increasing globalization importance human-animal-ecosystem interface evolution pathogens. A better knowledge causes consequences certain human activities, lifestyles behaviors ecosystems is crucial for rigorous interpretation disease dynamics to drive public policies. As global good, security must be understood on scale from cross-cutting perspective, integrating health, plant biodiversity. In this paper, we discuss how it consider ecological, evolutionary sciences understanding re-emergence diseases facing challenges resistance. We application "One Health" concept non-communicable linked exposure multiple stresses, including toxic stress, new lifestyles. Finally, draw up list barriers that need removing ambitions nurture effective concept. conclude success One Health now requires breaking down interdisciplinary still separate veterinary medicine sciences. The integrative approaches should promoted linking study factors underlying stress responses their ecosystem functioning evolution. required novel control strategies inspired mechanisms leading desired equilibrium healthy provide near future framework integrated operational initiatives.

Язык: Английский

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Synthetic chemicals as agents of global change

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 15(2), С. 84 - 90

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2017

Though concerns about the proliferation of synthetic chemicals – including pesticides gave rise to modern environmental movement in early 1960s, chemical pollution has not been included most analyses global change. We examined rate change production and variety pesticides, pharmaceuticals, other over past four decades. compared these rates those for well‐recognized drivers such as rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, nutrient pollution, habitat destruction, biodiversity loss. Our analysis showed that increases diversification, particularly within developing world, outpaced agents Despite trends, mainstream ecological journals, meetings, funding through US National Science Foundation devote less than 2% their journal pages, meeting talks, science funding, respectively, study chemicals.

Язык: Английский

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