Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
47(1), С. 41 - 61
Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024
To
perform
computations
with
the
efficiency
necessary
for
animal
survival,
neocortical
microcircuits
must
be
capable
of
reconfiguring
in
response
to
experience,
while
carefully
regulating
excitatory
and
inhibitory
connectivity
maintain
stable
function.
This
dynamic
fine-tuning
is
accomplished
through
a
rich
array
cellular
homeostatic
plasticity
mechanisms
that
stabilize
important
network
features
such
as
firing
rates,
information
flow,
sensory
tuning
properties.
Further,
these
functional
properties
can
stabilized
by
different
forms
plasticity,
including
target
or
synapses,
regulate
intrinsic
neuronal
excitability.
Here
we
discuss
which
aspects
circuit
function
are
under
control,
how
this
homeostasis
realized
on
molecular
levels,
pathological
consequences
when
impaired.
A
remaining
challenge
elucidate
diverse
cooperate
within
complex
circuits
enable
them
both
flexible
stable.
Physiological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
101(3), С. 995 - 1046
Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2020
While
insomnia
is
the
second
most
common
mental
disorder,
progress
in
our
understanding
of
underlying
neurobiological
mechanisms
has
been
limited.
The
present
review
addresses
definition
and
prevalence
explores
its
subjective
objective
characteristics
across
24-hour
day.
Subsequently,
extensively
how
vulnerability
to
develop
affected
by
genetic
variants,
early
life
stress,
major
events,
brain
structure
function.
Further
supported
clear
health
risks
conveyed
insomnia,
integrated
findings
suggest
that
could
rather
be
found
circuits
regulating
emotion
arousal
than
involved
circadian
homeostatic
sleep
regulation.
Finally,
a
testable
model
presented.
proposes
people
with
locus
coeruleus
more
sensitive
to-or
receives
input
from-the
salience
network
related
circuits,
even
during
rapid
eye
movement
sleep,
when
it
should
normally
sound
asleep.
This
may
ignite
downward
spiral
insufficient
overnight
adaptation
distress,
resulting
accumulating
hyperarousal,
which,
turn,
impedes
restful
moreover
increases
risk
other
adversity.
Sensitized
are
likely
subjectively
experienced
as
"sleeping
one
open".
proposed
opens
up
possibility
for
novel
intervention
studies
animal
studies,
thus
accelerating
ignition
neuroscience
which
direly
needed
better
treatment.
Optical
and
electron
microscopy
have
made
tremendous
inroads
toward
understanding
the
complexity
of
brain.
However,
optical
offers
insufficient
resolution
to
reveal
subcellular
details,
lacks
throughput
molecular
contrast
visualize
specific
constituents
over
millimeter-scale
or
larger
dimensions.
We
combined
expansion
lattice
light-sheet
image
nanoscale
spatial
relationships
between
proteins
across
thickness
mouse
cortex
entire
Drosophila
These
included
synaptic
at
dendritic
spines,
myelination
along
axons,
presynaptic
densities
dopaminergic
neurons
in
every
fly
brain
region.
The
technology
should
enable
statistically
rich,
large-scale
studies
neural
development,
sexual
dimorphism,
degree
stereotypy,
structural
correlations
behavior
activity,
all
with
contrast.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2018
Through
the
success
of
deep
learning
in
various
domains,
artificial
neural
networks
are
currently
among
most
used
intelligence
methods.
Taking
inspiration
from
network
properties
biological
(e.g.
sparsity,
scale-freeness),
we
argue
that
(contrary
to
general
practice)
networks,
too,
should
not
have
fully-connected
layers.
Here
propose
sparse
evolutionary
training
an
algorithm
which
evolves
initial
topology
(Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi
random
graph)
two
consecutive
layers
neurons
into
a
scale-free
topology,
during
learning.
Our
method
replaces
with
ones
before
training,
reducing
quadratically
number
parameters,
no
decrease
accuracy.
We
demonstrate
our
claims
on
restricted
Boltzmann
machines,
multi-layer
perceptrons,
and
convolutional
for
unsupervised
supervised
15
datasets.
approach
has
potential
enable
scale
up
beyond
what
is
possible.
