Fungicides and bees: a review of exposure and risk

Environment International, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 165, С. 107311 - 107311

Опубликована: Май 19, 2022

Fungicides account for more than 35% of the global pesticide market and their use is predicted to increase in future. While fungicides are commonly applied during bloom when bees likely foraging on crops, whether real-world exposure these chemicals - alone or combination with other stressors constitutes a threat health still subject great uncertainty. The first step estimating risks understand how what extent exposed active ingredients. Here we review current knowledge that exists about experience field, link quantitative data acute chronic risk lethal endpoints honey (Apis mellifera). From 702 publications screened, 76 studies contained residue detections bee matrices, further 47 provided qualitative information range taxa through various routes. We compiled 90 metabolites have been detected honey, beebread, pollen, beeswax, bodies bees. posed by fungicide residues was estimated EPA Risk Quotient (RQ) approach. Based concentrations pollen/beebread, none reported exceeded levels concern (LOC) set regulatory agencies risk, while 3 12 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) LOC wild bees, respectively. When considering all most include many broad-spectrum systemic fungicides, as well widely used contact chlorothalonil. In addition providing detailed overview frequency environment, identified important research gaps suggest future directions move towards comprehensive understanding mitigation including synergistic co-exposure pesticides pathogens.

Язык: Английский

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Agricultural pesticides – friends or foes to biosphere?

Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10, С. 100264 - 100264

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2023

Pesticides are integral components of modern agricultural practices. The primary benefit pesticide application includes immediate gain in terms quality and quantity food production. It further enhances the economic wealth well-being any nation. Unfortunately, pesticides extensively used while ignoring their associated risks to biosphere. Hence present study aims unravel potential impacts on lands different taxa organisms. For this purpose, PRISMA guidelines were employed. Various search-terms screen literature ScienceDirect PubMed databases. Original peer-reviewed articles published till January 2023 English language selected assessed for relevancy. Study has revealed several cases pesticide-induced mass mortality sub-lethal pollinators, earthworms, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. Residues have been reported vegetables, grains, dairy products that might act as sources exposure. Moreover, people dealing with directly exposed these chemicals. Hence, work provides an extensive review detrimental biotic also illustrates scope IPM, organic-farming, remote-sensing, GPS reducing irrational use subsequent negative

Язык: Английский

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator insecticides act on diverse receptor subtypes with distinct subunit compositions

PLoS Genetics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(1), С. e1009920 - e1009920

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2022

Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels mainly expressed in the central nervous system of insects. They directed targets many insecticides, including neonicotinoids, which most widely used insecticides world. However, development resistance pests and negative impacts on bee pollinators affect application have created a demand for alternatives. Thus, it is very important to understand mode action these not fully understood at molecular level. In this study, we systematically examined susceptibility ten Drosophila melanogaster nAChR subunit mutants eleven acting nAChRs. Our results showed that there several subtypes nAChRs with distinct compositions responsible toxicity different insecticides. At least three them major seven structurally similar neonicotinoids vivo. Moreover, spinosyns may act exclusively α6 homomeric pentamers but any other Behavioral assays using thermogenetic tools further confirmed bioassay supported idea receptor activation rather than inhibition leads insecticidal effects neonicotinoids. The present findings reveal native interactions various implications management novel targeting channels.

Язык: Английский

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Ecological traits interact with landscape context to determine bees’ pesticide risk

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(4), С. 547 - 556

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023

Widespread contamination of ecosystems with pesticides threatens non-target organisms. However, the extent to which life-history traits affect pesticide exposure and resulting risk in different landscape contexts remains poorly understood. We address this for bees across an agricultural land-use gradient based on assays pollen nectar collected by Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris Osmia bicornis, representing extensive, intermediate limited foraging traits. found that extensive foragers (A. mellifera) experienced highest risk-additive toxicity-weighted concentrations. only (B. terrestris) (O. bicornis) responded context-experiencing lower less land. Pesticide correlated among bee species between food sources was greatest A. mellifera-collected pollen-useful information future postapproval monitoring. provide trait- landscape-dependent occurrence, concentration identity encounter estimate risk, is necessary more realistic assessment essential tracking policy goals reduce risk.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of pesticides on non-target invertebrates in agricultural ecosystems

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 202, С. 105974 - 105974

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Pesticides have negative effects on non-target organisms

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

Pesticides affect a diverse range of non-target species and may be linked to global biodiversity loss. The magnitude this hazard remains only partially understood. We present synthesis pesticide (insecticide, herbicide fungicide) impacts on multiple organisms across trophic levels based 20,212 effect sizes from 1,705 studies. For plants, animals (invertebrate vertebrates) microorganisms (bacteria fungi), we show negative responses the growth, reproduction, behaviour other physiological biomarkers within terrestrial aquatic systems. formulated for specific taxa negatively affected groups, e.g. insecticidal neonicotinoids affecting amphibians. Negative effects were more pronounced in temperate than tropical regions but consistent between environments, even after correcting field-realistic environmentally relevant exposure scenarios. Our results question sustainability current use support need enhanced risk assessments reduce risks ecosystems. Wan et al. found that insecticides, fungicides herbicides have

Язык: Английский

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Alternatives to neonicotinoids

Environment International, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 129, С. 423 - 429

Опубликована: Май 29, 2019

The European Food Safety Authority concluded in February 2018 that "most uses of neonicotinoid insecticides represent a risk to wild bees and honeybees". In 2016, the French government passed law banning use five neonicotinoids previously authorized: clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid thiacloprid. framework an expert assessment conducted by Agency for Food, Environmental Occupational Health identify possible derogations, we performed thorough available alternatives banned neonicotinoids. For each pest targeted use, identified main alternative management methods, which then ranked (i) efficacy controlling target pest, (ii) applicability (whether directly useable farmers or need further research development), (iii) durability (risk resistance pests), (iv) practicability (ease implementation farmers). We 152 authorized France, encompassing 120 crops 279 insect species (or genera). An effective was 96% 2968 case studies analyzed from literature (single combinations one control method product × crop plant insect). most common (89% cases) another chemical insecticide (mostly pyrethroids). However, 78% cases, at least non-chemical could replace (e.g. microorganisms, semiochemicals surface coating). relevance depends on feeding habits. Leaf flower feeders are easier with whereas wood root more difficult manage such methods. also found field were required many promising methods before their introduction into routine farmers. Our findings, transmitted policymakers, indicate do exist. Furthermore, they highlight promote these through regulation funding, view reducing pesticide agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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Bees and pesticide regulation: Lessons from the neonicotinoid experience

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 241, С. 108356 - 108356

Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Do novel insecticides pose a threat to beneficial insects?

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 287(1935), С. 20201265 - 20201265

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2020

Systemic insecticides, such as neonicotinoids, are a major contributor towards beneficial insect declines. This has led to bans and restrictions on neonicotinoid use globally, most noticeably in the European Union, where four commonly used neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin thiacloprid) banned from outside agricultural use. While this might seem like victory for conservation, will only benefit populations if newly emerging insecticides do not have similar negative impacts insects. Flupyradifurone sulfoxaflor two novel that been registered including within Union. These differ their chemical class, but share same mode of action raising question whether they sub-lethal Here, we conducted systematic literature search potential these insects, quantifying effects with meta-analysis. We demonstrate both flupyradifurone significant insects at field-realistic levels exposure. results confirm protect paired changes agrochemical regulatory process. A failure modify process result continued decline ecosystem services which global food production relies.

Язык: Английский

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Local applications but global implications: Can pesticides drive microorganisms to develop antimicrobial resistance?

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 654, С. 177 - 189

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2018

Язык: Английский

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