Scientists’ warning – The outstanding biodiversity of islands is in peril

Global Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 31, С. e01847 - e01847

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2021

Despite islands contributing only 6.7% of land surface area, they harbor ~20% the Earth’s biodiversity, but unfortunately also ~50% threatened species and 75% known extinctions since European expansion around globe. Due to their geological geographic history characteristics, act simultaneously as cradles evolutionary diversity museums formerly widespread lineages—elements that permit achieve an outstanding endemicity. Nevertheless, majority these endemic are inherently vulnerable due genetic demographic factors linked with way colonized. Here, we stress great variation in physical geography (area, isolation, altitude, latitude) (age, human colonization, density). We provide examples some most rich iconic insular radiations. Next, analyze natural vulnerability biota, a result founder events well typically small population sizes many island species. note that, whereas evolution toward syndromes (including size shifts, derived woodiness, altered dispersal ability, loss defense traits, reduction clutch size) might have improved ability thrive under conditions on islands, it has made biota disproportionately anthropogenic pressures such habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, climate change. This led documented extinction at least 800 past 500 years, addition had already gone extinct following arrival first colonists prehistoric times. Finally, summarize current scientific knowledge ongoing biodiversity worldwide express our serious concern trajectory will continue decimate unique irreplaceable heritage world’s islands. conclude drastic actions urgently needed bend curve alarming rates loss.

Язык: Английский

---

Wilderness areas halve the extinction risk of terrestrial biodiversity

Nature, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 573(7775), С. 582 - 585

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2019

Язык: Английский

---

Biodiversity’s contributions to sustainable development

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 2(12), С. 1083 - 1093

Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2019

Язык: Английский

---

Using paleo-archives to safeguard biodiversity under climate change

Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 369(6507)

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2020

Using the past to inform future The late Quaternary paleorecord, within ∼130,000 years, can help present-day management of Earth's ecosystems and biota under climate change. Fordham et al. review when where rapid transitions be found in paleoclimate record. They show how such events history shape our understanding consequences global warming, including rates biodiversity loss, changes ecosystem structure function, degradation goods services that these provide humanity. also highlight recent developments at intersection paleoecology, paleoclimatology, macroecology opportunities anticipate manage responses species changing climates Anthropocene. Science , this issue p. eabc5654

Язык: Английский

---

Guiding principles for rewilding

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 35(6), С. 1882 - 1893

Опубликована: Март 17, 2021

There has been much recent interest in the concept of rewilding as a tool for nature conservation, but also confusion over idea, which limited its utility. We developed unifying definition and 10 guiding principles through survey 59 experts, summary key organizations' visions, workshops involving 100 participants from around world. The convey that exits on continuum scale, connectivity, level human influence aims to restore ecosystem structure functions achieve self-sustaining autonomous nature. These clarify improve effectiveness global conservation targets, including those UN Decade Ecosystem Restoration post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. Finally, we suggest differences perspectives lie largely extent it is seen achievable specific interventions. An understanding context projects success, careful site-specific interpretations will help rewilding.Recientemente ha habido mucho interés por el concepto de retorno la vida silvestre como herramienta para conservación naturaleza, pero también confusión idea que limitado su utilidad. Desarrollamos una definición unificadora y diez principios básicos medio encuestas expertos en silvestre, un resumen las visiones organizaciones más importantes talleres involucraron participantes todo mundo. Los transmiten existe continuo escala, conectividad nivel influencia humana objetivo es restaurar estructura funciones del ecosistema lograr naturaleza autónoma autosustentable. Estos aclaran e incrementan efectividad los objetivos mundiales conservación, incluyendo aquellos Década ONU Restauración Ecosistemas Marco Trabajo Biodiversidad post 2020. Finalmente, sugerimos diferencias perspectivas yacen principalmente grado al visto factible intervenciones específicas. Un entendimiento contexto proyectos importante éxito, interpretaciones específicas sitio ayudarán metas silvestre. Principios Básicos Retorno Vida Silvestre.

---

Assessing the impacts of climate change on biodiversity: is below 2 °C enough?

Climatic Change, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 154(3-4), С. 351 - 365

Опубликована: Май 22, 2019

Large changes in biodiversity are expected to occur if climate change continues at its current pace. Adverse effects include species habitats and compositions, consequently ecosystem functioning. We assessed the magnitude of by performing a meta-analysis responses distributions change. focused on proportion local remaining their habitats. summarized 97 studies calculated two effect-size metrics from results quantify biodiversity. These fraction (FRS) area (FRA) with suitable for each species. Both calculate deviations original state together they indicate intactness. found an gradual decrease both FRS FRA significant reductions 14% 35% between 1 2 °C increase global mean temperatures. Strong impacts projected mammals plants 19%. The climate-change response varies strongly among taxonomic groups biomes. For some declines beyond 3 temperature increase. Although these estimates conservative, as we assume that unable disperse or adapt, conclude already moderate levels (i.e., 1–2 °C) is projected. Our research supports pledge limit 1.5 preferably lower protect

Язык: Английский

---

Economic value of protected areas via visitor mental health

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2019

Abstract We evaluate methods to calculate the economic value of protected areas derived from improved mental health visitors. A conservative global estimate using quality-adjusted life years, a standard measure in economics, is US$6 trillion p.a. This an order magnitude greater than area tourism, and two three orders aggregate management agency budgets. Future research should: refine this more precise methods; consider interactions between conservation policies budgets at national scales; examine links personalities experiences individual scale.

Язык: Английский

---

A Vision for Global Biodiversity Monitoring With Citizen Science

Advances in ecological research/Advances in Ecological Research, Год журнала: 2018, Номер unknown, С. 169 - 223

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

---

Deciphering factors driving soil microbial life‐history strategies in restored grasslands

iMeta, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2022

In macroecology, the concept of r- and K-strategy has been widely applied, yet, there have limited studies on microbial life-history strategies in temperate grasslands using multiple sequencing approaches. Total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, high-throughput meta-genomic sequencing, GeoChip technologies were used to examine changes traits a chronosequence restored (1, 5, 10, 15, 25, 30 years since restoration). Grassland restoration increased relative abundances Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes but reduced Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi. PLFA analysis revealed that grassland fungi:bacteria Gram-positive:Gram-negative bacteria ratios. Combined with data, we found shifted microorganisms from oligotrophic (K-) copiotrophic (r-) groups, consistent rRNA operon copy number community. Structural equation modeling showed soil properties positively (

Язык: Английский

---

Utilization of agricultural waste biomass and recycling toward circular bioeconomy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 30(4), С. 8526 - 8539

Опубликована: Май 13, 2022

Язык: Английский

---